Yellow spots on pear leaves: what to do and how to treat the disease

The most dangerous disease for a tree is rust. You need to know right away what to do if there are yellow spots on the pear leaves. Previously, the disease was practically unknown, but now this phenomenon occurs on almost every tree. If you take action in time, then there is a significant chance of recovery. You should also pay attention to plants growing nearby, which can be a source of infection.

What is this?

On the affected plant, the leaves are covered with red-orange spots with a yellow rim. Gradually the color becomes darker. Then the orange spots deform and swell. They start to look like a tumor. This causes the affected plate to fall off.

Causes of disease

The culprit of the disease is a fungus. It attacks the plant in the summer and deprives it of half of the crop. The carrier of the disease is juniper. It is on it that the infection hibernates. In wet, windy, and most importantly warm weather, the opened spores break off and are transported over long distances. At this point, the infection of the fruit crop occurs. After a while, changes gradually appear on the foliage.

Red spots are especially noticeable in July. Then they are transformed into "horns" and lead to leaf fall. For the winter, the infection moves back to the juniper.

How does the disease progress?

If, after flowering, the leaves become covered with orange spots, then the culture is sick. In summer, the infection passes to the petioles. Then brown or red spots form on the outside, as well as individual dots.

The peak is in autumn. Growths appear that are visible on the inside of the leaves. They fill with fungal spores, which then dissipate.

Varieties with the lowest immunity

If the leaves are covered with yellow spots, it means that a plant that is not resistant to rust grows on the site. The lowest immunity in varieties:

• Bude Ardanpon;
• Clapp's favorite;
• Dikanka winter;
• Cure.

When buying, do not opt for these varieties.

What is the danger of rust

A sick plant leaves its leaves early. Petioles turn dark, and spots appear on the shoots. As a result, the number of ovaries decreases, which is the reason for low yields. The fruits begin to fall before reaching technical maturity.

What else is the danger:

1. Culture becomes weak immunity, laid down by nature. Therefore, after rust damage, the plant becomes very vulnerable to other diseases and is attacked by pests.
2. Reduced immunity after itself lowers the winter hardiness of the plant. Shoots affected by the disease will not withstand frost. As a result, frost cracks and cracks of various sizes will appear on the surface. In their place, hollows are formed, contributing to the destruction of the tree, since due to damage to the bark, the culture will become unstable to bad weather conditions.
3. Rust will reduce the plant's photosynthesis process. This will prevent the tree from developing properly and will weaken it. If treatment is not started immediately, the plant will not be able to survive the frost.
4. In a diseased pear, the fruits become small. Therefore, in the presence of rust, there will definitely not be a large crop. Very often, a tree that has been ill does not bear fruit the next year.

Methods to combat corrosion on pear

It is possible to cure a plant disease in many ways. The main thing is to start fighting in time.

Mechanical fight

Starting from the beginning of spring, plantings are constantly inspected. Set of events:

1. To save the plant, pruning is carried out on time at the beginning of the season. Before the buds open, infected branches are cut and burned. The cut is made at a distance of 13 centimeters from the damaged areas.
2. The wound formed due to rust on the trunk is cut to he althy wood. Then the site is treated with iron sulphate.
3. Cut out nearby juniper stands. Since the spores formed in the pustules of the leaves, by the onset of winter, tend to fly to the juniper for further development, on which they will germinate again and overwinter in gelatinous growths.In the spring, they will scatter again to settle on a pear tree.
4. Grow better rust resistant varieties.
5. Remove fallen leaves, broken and cut branches from under the trunk. You can't throw them away. The only correct solution is to burn it. All shoots that appear under the culture are cut out to avoid the spread of the disease.
6. The earth is constantly loosened and weeds are removed, which can be sources of fungus.

Important rule! The tools used to clean the plant must be disinfected. Otherwise, during the next treatment, the disease will quickly spread to he althy plantations.

If rust spots are not pronounced, then the culture can be treated with drugs.

Chemicals

Fungicides are used for treatment. It is recommended to spray with colloidal sulfur. The solution should be 0.4%. The affected plant is treated 5 times:

1. Before flowering.
2. After flowering.
3. When the leaves appear.
4. When the fruits begin to grow.
5. When the leaves fall.

If you treat the plant at the time of flowering, then the fruits will also become infected with rust.

Also, the treatment is carried out with the drug:

• "Cumulus DF";
• Polyram DF.

When dealing with yellow-orange spots and dark spots, it is recommended to alternate fungicides, otherwise the fungus will develop immunity.

If the leaves are struck by orange spots and dark dots, then it is recommended to treat with the Spark preparation. Its advantages include:

• non-toxic to birds and beneficial insects;
• safe for all plants;
• has a beneficial effect on plantings;
• helps increase yields.

But the drug has a drawback. It is prohibited for use in fishery water areas.

Strobe also helps in the fight against the disease. This is a new generation drug. Pros:

• does not pose a risk to warm-blooded and beneficial insects;
• compatible with many drugs;
• not addictive;
• does not have phytotoxicity;
• precipitation does not wash off the drug;
• permitted to apply at the time of flowering.

The drug of wide action - "Green Belt". It helps to fight not only rust, but also spotting, scab. Benefits include:

• compatibility with pesticides;
• safety for birds, insects;
• does not harm plants.

The product is not compatible with most fungicides.

It is worth paying attention to the drug "Raek". It is a systemic fungicide. Pros:

• non-phytotoxic;
• precipitation does not wash off the product;
• compatible with other drugs;
• does not pose a threat to beneficial insects.

Folk remedies

Experienced summer residents carry out the fight with the help of infusion:

• Ashes. An infusion of 500 grams of ash and a bucket of water (10 l) will help get rid of the disease. The mixture is stirred and left for 2 days.
• Soap and soda. Laundry soda (65 g) is combined with soap chips (50 g). Fill with water (10 l). Stir and leave for half an hour.
• Mullein. From rust spots, an infusion of two parts of water and one part of slurry helps. Set aside for a couple of weeks. Then pour into the mixture twice as much water as the volume of the infusion, and water the plant. One bucket will suffice for a mature tree.
• Tagetes. To do this, collect half a bucket of flowers, which must be fresh. And pour the same volume of water. An important point - the water needs warm. Cover with a lid. Put in the basement for two days. Then 50 g of laundry soap shavings are poured into the strained infusion and mixed.

Also, from a pronounced disease, use a decoction of horsetail or a fertilizing shower from a solution of urea. Urea solution is very easy to prepare. This is a universal remedy that will help fertilize, get rid of pests and defeat diseases. For this, 7 liters of ordinary water are taken per 350 g of the product. Mixed and processed before frost.

It is recommended to spray not only the plant, but also the fallen leaves.

Preventive treatment

If the disease was defeated, all the nearby juniper plantations were cut out and there is no forest nearby, then there is still no guarantee that the rust will not return again. The disease is difficult to eradicate, so you should constantly monitor the condition of the plants for several years after the cure and take preventive measures. Which include:

• cut in time;
• cover up newly formed cracks and frost holes;
• feed in time, a he althy plant is much more likely to resist ailments;
• flavor the soil, it will help strengthen the immune system and protect against ailments.

For prevention, treat several times per season with one of the drugs:

• Bordeaux liquid, you will need a 3% solution;
• "Horus", 10 liters of water mixed with 2 grams of the drug;
• "Gamair", you will need 10 g per bucket;
• "Alirin" or "Raek", bred, like the previous remedy.

Tips to follow for tree he alth:

1. The pear is grown far from the juniper.
2. Establish windbreaks around the garden. This helps to protect plantings from wind-borne fungal spores. Any plants are suitable as protection, the main thing is that their height should be at least half a meter more than a pear.
3. If an ornamental juniper grows nearby, constantly inspect it for spores. Also, this plant is treated prophylactically, like a pear.

If you identify the disease at the initial stage and immediately apply the necessary measures, then it is possible to get rid of the disease in a year. Do not be afraid that other fruit trees growing nearby will become infected with spores. The disease is transmitted only to juniper.

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