Brown spots on apple leaves: what is this disease and how to treat

Appearance of brown spots on the leaves of the apple tree is a common problem that occurs during the growing season. Defects in the green part of the tree crown can lead to further death of the plant and a reduction in the yield. Having found spots, you should understand the cause of their occurrence and perform a set of actions to save fruit plantations.

Causes of brown spots

To get rid of the darkening of the foliage, it is necessary to correctly establish the cause of the disease. As a rule, small dots are formed due to the development of a disease or adverse environmental conditions, a fungus.Having found out what kind of disease or other factor affected the leaves, it remains to carry out the appropriate treatment of the trees.

Fungal infections

The main cause of rust on leaves is a fungus. Darkening appears along with spores of nearby plantations. First, the tissue grows and star-shaped outgrowths form, on which new spores form, which are carried by the wind to fruit trees.

Coppermint and mineral deficiency

In case of damage to the tree with a blight or with an insufficient amount of minerals in the soil, the leaves become covered with a dark coating and fall off. Most often this happens when choosing the wrong landing site.

Scab

The development of scab on apple trees is facilitated by an unsuitable place on the site, excessive soil moisture and low temperatures.

The disease is more common on young seedlings that have not had time to adapt to environmental conditions.

Weather conditions

Unfavorable weather often causes spots on the leaves of apple trees in the northern regions. Prolonged frosts, high rainfall and insufficient lighting provoke the development of rust on trees.

Lack of top dressing and fertilizers

For the correct and he althy growth of trees, it is necessary to provide the soil with the necessary amount of fertilizers and vitamins.

Consequences of rust disease and its development cycle

Rust on an apple tree occurs in several stages. The development cycle includes the following steps:

1. In early autumn, the spores of the fungus begin to germinate and form a mycelium.
2. With the onset of autumn, the mycelium forms teliospores that spread on the leaves of the tree.
3. Spots appear on the surface of the sheet plates, which increase in the absence of protective treatment.

The consequences of rust are: drying and falling of foliage, reduced yields, deterioration in the taste characteristics of fruits.

The effect of rust on the growth and development of apple trees

In affected trees, photosynthesis and nutrient metabolism are disturbed. Since the spores absorb the moisture the plant needs, the water balance gets off. With a disease of rust, apple trees lack vitamin and mineral components, as a result of which development and fruiting slow down.

Tips: what to do, how to treat and how to protect the apple tree from damage by rust fungi.

To eliminate dark spots on the leaves and ensure further protection of the apple tree from the negative impact, a set of measures is required.To grow he althy trees and get a stable harvest, you should use fertilizers, do not neglect the rules of agricultural technology and create favorable conditions for growth.

Prevention of injury

In order to prevent the disease, it is recommended to plant apple trees away from coniferous trees. With the onset of spring, it is necessary to clean the affected areas until a layer of he althy wood appears. For preventive treatment, it is enough to spray the seedlings with a solution of copper sulfate.

Agricultural activities

The rules of agricultural technology involve planting and growing apple trees, taking into account a number of conditions. Specifically:

• the distance between should be more than 3 m for free root formation;
• plantings require a draft-free area, constantly illuminated by the sun;
• when planting, fertilize the seedling hole.

Processing plants with chemicals

Chemical agents have a more active effect on fruit trees and destroy sources of infection. When using chemicals to treat apple trees, it is important to follow the dosage so as not to harm the leaves and shoots.

Protection of apple trees with biological products

Bio-preparations are an alternative to chemicals, but have a milder effect on plants. It is recommended to use products based on biological toxins to spray young seedlings to increase immunity, protect against diseases and eliminate the effects of rust.

Preparation of solutions of biological products

Biological solution for processing apple trees can be prepared independently. To create a solution, special training and knowledge are not required, since it is enough to mix the components in the correct proportions.

"Trichodermin"

To prepare a solution of "Trichodermin", you must use the powder of the same name and, separating 50 g, dissolve them in 1 liter of pure water. The resulting mixture is stirred, filtered and adjusted to 5 liters with water.

Planris

Planriz preparation contains rhizospheric bacteria that actively suppress the development of rot and form protection against harmful microflora. For watering plants, it is necessary to dissolve 100 ml of the drug in 10 liters of water. Also, "Planriz" is suitable for pre-sowing treatment of seeds in the ratio of 10 ml of the substance per 1 kg of seeds. The properties of Planriz are useful for planting pits and occasional use during the growing season.

"Phytodoctor"

To use Phytodoctor, it is necessary to dissolve the powder in water and treat the area around the roots. "Phytodoctor" is included in the category of biofungicides and stops the reproduction of the fungus. The tool is appreciated by gardeners due to the following advantages:

1. Long-term protection throughout the growing season.
2. Versatility of use (for disinfecting seeds, destroying infections, increasing plant immunity).
3. Properties of "Phytodoctor" help to increase the yield.

Fitosporin-M

Fitosporin-M in the form of a powder dissolves in water and is used to treat rust on apple leaves, seed treatment and for preventive purposes. It is allowed to treat trees with the drug in any weather, but it should be borne in mind that rain can wash away some of the beneficial components from the vegetation.

Folk ways

In addition to chemicals and biological products, you can use folk methods of protection for spraying apple trees. For this, various infusions and decoctions are suitable. The most common is a decoction of horsetail, for the preparation of which it is necessary to pour half a bucket of vegetable raw materials with water, boil the mixture and hold for a day.The green part of apple trees is sprayed with a strained solution.

Also, from folk remedies, a solution of iodine has a beneficial effect. For 10 liters of water, you must use 10 ml of alcohol tincture of iodine and spray the leaves with an interval of 3 days.

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