Moskvichka pear: description and characteristics of the variety, planting and care with a photo

Pears have been cultivated in our country for a long time due to the mass of useful properties. From year to year, breeders are working to improve known species and offer worthy new items to gardeners. One of them is the early autumn pear of the Moskvichka variety, which has huge advantages over its competitors.

Description of pear Moskvichka

Pear variety Moskvichka belongs to the early autumn varieties and begins to ripen in September. Differs in good frost resistance, it is successfully grown up in all regions of our country. The tree bears fruit abundantly and annually.Muscovite is self-fertile, that is, for the formation of ovaries, it is necessary to plant pollinators near it. The best varieties for this are recognized:

Lada;
Favorite Yakovlev;
Moscow bergamot.

The first crop is harvested 3 years after planting on the seedling site. An adult tree can produce up to 50 kg of fruit.

Characteristics of trees and fruits

The pear tree of the Moskvichka variety is standard, with a smooth and straight trunk. There are no side branches, a dense crown can be grafted or formed. The height of an adult pear reaches 3.5 meters. The skeletal branches are directed vertically.

Blossoming starts late, because return frosts are not afraid of the future harvest.

The leaves of this variety have an oval shape, rich green color and small size. They are quite dense, but at the same time elastic. The flowers are cup-shaped, small, collected in inflorescences of 5 pieces.

Muscovites have medium fruits, the weight of one of them can reach 130 grams. Their shape is wide, classic pear-shaped. During technical ripeness, pears acquire a yellow-green color, brown subcutaneous dots become visible. If the fruits are slightly overexposed on the tree, then a slight blush will appear on them. The pulp is very juicy, tasty, sweet, white. The aroma is strong, classic.

History of selection and breeding region

Specialists of the Timiryazev Academy worked on breeding the Muscovite pear. They carried out free pollination of the no less famous Kieffer variety, and then grew seedlings based on the material obtained. It was these young plants that became the basis for obtaining Moskvichka. In the 80s of the last century, the novelty had already begun to be mastered in the gardens of domestic summer residents. It was recommended for the Volga-Vyatka, Middle Volga and Central regions.However, most of all Moskvichka fell in love with the inhabitants of the Moscow region.

Pros and cons of the variety

Like any variety, Moskvichka has its own advantages and disadvantages that distinguish it from competitors. Positive qualities include:

early fruit ripening;
dessert flavor;
precocity;
regular fruiting;
high yields;
fruits are not prone to shedding;
excellent product features;
pleasant strong fragrance;
crop suitable for long distance transportation;
possibility of long-term storage of the harvest;
increased resistance to common diseases;
unpretentiousness.

Flaws are:

self-infertility;
medium cold hardiness;
low resistance to prolonged drought.

Fit features

The Muscovite pear has planting features that you should familiarize yourself with before settling it on your site.

Choice of time and place

Muscovite pear can be planted both in autumn and spring. In autumn, planting work is planned for October, while trying to meet the deadline from 10 to 20. In spring, the tree is planted from April to May, but the best time for this is the last decade of April.

The advantage of spring planting is that the young seedling has time to take root over the summer and tolerates the winter cold well.When planted in autumn, the plant has greater frost resistance. Pears prefer loamy or sandy loamy-chernozem soil. It should be loose, nutritious, with enough fertilizer. The place is chosen sunny, well-lit, dry.

Preparing the pit

Before planting a seedling, the top layer of soil 40 cm thick is removed, after which they dig a hole 0.8-1 m deep and about 0.8 m wide. Nutrient soil mixture is introduced into it, consisting of humus, sand, superphosphate, sulfate potassium, any organic matter. Dolomite flour is poured into the prepared hole in the ratio of 0.3 kg per 10 liters of water, and then 2 more buckets of clean water are poured.

Distance between seedlings

Muscovite is considered medium-sized, because the distance between the seedlings is left at least 3-3.5 meters. The same amount must be retreated to the nearest fruit bushes or trees.

Fitting technology

A wooden peg is driven into the prepared hole, which rises 0.5 m above the surface. A mound is formed from the nutrient soil mixture at the bottom of the hole, placing a seedling root on it. The root neck of the pear should rise 5 cm above the ground. Gradually, the hole is filled with earth, tamping it a little and preventing the formation of voids. 3 buckets of water are poured under each seedling, the soil around the pear is mulched, and the tree itself is tied to a peg.

Rules for tree care

In order for the planted plant to grow and develop normally, it must be properly looked after.

Water and fertilize

After planting, the Muscovite pear requires watering once a week. Under 1 tree pour 1 bucket of water in the morning and evening hours. An adult plant during the formation of fruits requires irrigation up to 2 times a week.Pear is watered before bud break, 2 weeks after flowering is completed and 2 weeks before fruit formation begins. If the autumn is dry, then irrigation is carried out after harvest.

From top dressing in the spring, ammonium nitrate is added to the trunk circle, and in the fall, superphosphate, compost, humus, potassium sulfate.

Cutoffs

During the entire growing season, pears require pruning. As a rule, work is carried out before the start of bud break.

Forming the crown of pear Moskvichka

When pruning, be sure to maintain the position of the central shoot. Only skeletal branches are left, all the rest must be removed. The length of the main trunk is shortened by a quarter of the original.

Regulation cut

In the second year after the formative pruning, the main trunk is shortened by another 25 cm. The length of the skeletal shoots is removed by 5 cm. Work can be carried out in autumn and spring.

Maintenance trim

Sustaining pear pruning Muscovite involves the removal of all growing new shoots that contribute to the thickening of the crown. Only a few fruit shoots should remain on each skeletal shoot. Cut off all branches growing in a strictly vertical position.

Sanitary pruning

Sanitary pear pruning is carried out both in autumn and spring. It involves the removal of all dry, damaged, diseased and broken branches.

Also cut off the shoots growing inside the tree.

Pruning rules

Don't remove too many branches at once, as the pear tree may not be able to handle the stress. This is especially true for anti-aging pruning. All cuts must be treated with garden pitch.

Diseases and pests of pear Muscovite

Muscovite has increased resistance to major diseases and pests, but preventive measures will not interfere with her.

Prevention measures

As a preventive measure for diseases and pests of the Muscovite pear, watering is rationed, pruned in time, and the tree is treated with specially designed preparations.

Possible diseases

Muscovite has good immunity to fungal diseases, but some infections still carry a certain risk of damage.

Scab

For the prevention of scab, the pear is sprayed several times with Bordeaux mixture, iron or copper sulphate. Under the trees, it is necessary to remove the foliage and remove weeds in a timely manner.

Sooty fungus

Another pear pest that can bring trouble. To prevent its appearance, the Muscovite is sprayed with colloidal sulfur, copper sulfate. In especially severe cases, they resort to the use of drugs "Skor", "Azofos", "Delan".

Probable pests

Pears can become a delicacy for some pests. If measures are not taken in time, then you can be left without a harvest.

Aphid

Kinmiks, Iskra, Agravertin help to resist aphids. Folk remedies are also effective: chamomile decoction and green soap.

Pear codling moth

So that the codling moth does not spoil the fruits, the pear is treated with "Karbofos" or "Cyanox". Folk remedies use an infusion of tobacco dust and dandelion.

Pear beetle

This pest is fought by treating Muscovites with colloidal sulfur. Also used against pear beetle infusion of yarrow, chamomile, tobacco dust.

Collecting, storing and using crops

Moskvichka pears are harvested in September. They have a universal purpose, are suitable for transportation over long distances, have good marketability and keeping quality. This allows you to grow Moskvichka for commercial purposes.

For long-term fresh storage, the collected pears are sorted out, placed in wooden boxes, layered with newspapers, and sent to a dark, cool place.