Pakham pear: variety description and characteristics, planting, growing and care with photo

Pear, known as Pakham, emigrated to Russia relatively recently. Prior to that, she grew up in Australia and South America. Its taste qualities are loved by many Russians. Pakham is a sweet, sour fruit, very juicy, but with firm flesh. Fruits after harvesting are stored in a cool place. Properly stored fruits do not lose their aroma and taste.

Description, characteristics and history of the origin of the variety

Pakham pear appeared in the gardens of domestic gardeners relatively recently. She hails from Australia.It is a variety of the Barlett variety. Packham was bred at the end of the 19th century by the Australian C. Packham. These fruits are exported to Russia from Chile, Argentina and South Africa. Seedlings can be planted in temperate regions, but they need to be insulated for the winter.

Description of the tree

The plant has a pyramidal shape. Grows up to 3 meters. The branches of the tree are strong. Leaves - medium size, smooth, green. Under the weight of the harvest, the branches droop and give the tree a sprawling shape. Pakham yields only 4 or 5 years after planting. Then it bears fruit regularly for 30 years.

Yield - more than 100 kilograms of fruit from one tree.

Fetal description

Pakham forms large fruits. The weight of one fruit is 150-190 grams. In appearance, they are pear-shaped, slightly bumpy. Their skin is rough. Fruits are initially greenish in color, but turn yellow as they ripen. Greenish-brown dots are visible all over the surface.

Ripe fruit has fragrant, sweet and juicy flesh. On section, it is light cream in color and has a dense structure. Pakham tastes sweet and sour. When biting, the ripe fruit crunches, and its flesh has stony formations.

Pros and cons of Pakham pears

Pros:

• high yield;
• great tasting properties;
• plucked fruits are stored for a long time.

Cons:

• low frost resistance;
• often get sick and attacked by pests.

Features of growing plants

Pakham is a thermophilic plant. It is recommended to plant it in places protected from the wind. The pear loves a lot of sunlight and does not tolerate swampy soil. Excess moisture can cause root rot.

Choosing a place and time for landing

Pakham grows on any soil, but prefers clay soil and black earth. It can produce crops on sandy soil if it is fertilized with organic matter and minerals. Pear does not like too wet soil. It is not advisable to plant it in the shade of other trees. Pakham is not prone to self-pollination. It is recommended to plant it near other varieties of pears.

Pakham can be planted in early spring or late autumn. Spring planting is preferred for regions with a warm climate. Seedlings are buried in the ground before bud break. In autumn, the trees are planted before the onset of frost, so that they have time to adapt to the new environment.

Preparing the landing pit

Before planting, you need to dig a shallow hole - up to 1 meter deep. It should be open for a while. The excavated earth is mixed with humus, sand and mineral fertilizers (potassium and superphosphate).

Preparation of seedlings

It is better to buy planting material in nurseries. Seedlings should be no more than two years old. Plant height for planting - about 1.5 meters. The tree must have flexible branches and a strong root system. Before planting, the seedling is placed for 12 hours in a solution of Heteroauxin. It stimulates the growth of the root system.

Plant pattern

Part of the excavated and fertilized earth is put back into the pit. Then the seedling is immersed in it and sprinkled with soil up to the root neck. After planting under the root, two buckets of settled water are poured in.

Pear care rules

With proper care and regular fertilization, Pakham gives a good harvest. Trees need annual pruning and rejuvenation. In the dry season, it is recommended to water them.

Fertilizer

Pakham is fertilized several times a year. In the beginning - in early spring, before the first flowers appear, nitrogen fertilizers and mullein are applied to the soil. In the first half of summer, the pear needs potassium, magnesium and phosphorus top dressing. After harvesting fruits for the winter, the tree can be fertilized with potassium and phosphorus.

Irrigation

Water the trees preferably during the dry season. Necessarily - during flowering and fruit set. Young trees need regular watering. After the spring landing, they must be added every other day (one bucket of water each). After watering, it is desirable to loosen the soil. It is recommended to mulch the ground near the tree with dry hay or tree bark.

Pruning and rejuvenation

Crown formation is carried out in early spring, before bud break. Trim lateral, old, dry and diseased branches. They are cut off completely, leaving no stumps. Leave young shoots and a few near-stem large branches.It is recommended to thin out the crown in late autumn. Every 5 years the tree is rejuvenated. Young shoots are left, and the old ones are cut off.

Wintering

Young trees, before the onset of frost, it is desirable to insulate. Their trunks are lined with straw, reeds or dry corn stalks. From above, the tree is additionally wrapped with burlap or film.

Protection from diseases and pests

Pakham is often sick. This fruit is often attacked by insect pests. To prevent diseases, it is recommended to carry out preventive measures and spray the tree with special chemicals. In case of illness, the tree is treated, and diseased fruits or branches are removed.

Diseases:

1. Scab.

Due to the fungus, brown spots appear on the leaves, and then on the fruits themselves. The fruit cracks, its flesh becomes ossified. Infected pears are removed from the tree, and the fruits are sprayed with a 1% Bordeaux mixture or a solution of copper sulfate.

2. Moniliosis.

Fungal infection leads to fruit rot. Infected fruits are removed from the tree, and the pear itself is sprayed with chemicals (Horus, Bordeaux mixture, Strobe). For prevention use Fitosporin-M.

3. Black Cancer.

The disease affects the trunk and branches. Microorganisms form small cracks, they tear the bark. Fungi enter the wound and cause rotting. The affected area is cut off and treated with a solution of copper sulfate, then covered with clay.

Insecticides are used to control insects. Damaged leaves and ovaries, as well as pests dead after spraying, fall to the ground under the tree. This garbage should be raked up and burned at the stake.

Harvest and storage of crops

It is recommended to collect fruits in early September, before full ripening, when they turn slightly yellow.The fruits are plucked from the tree and placed in baskets or boxes. It is recommended to store fruits in a cool place. Here they ripen for 14 days. Storage temperature - from 0 to 2 degrees. Pears do not lose their taste and appearance for 1-2 months.

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