Early Kyiv peach: variety description, planting and care, pest control with photo

Peach tree - originally a southern plant, thermophilic. The cultivation of tender sweet fruits in the regions of Russia became possible thanks to Soviet breeders. Thanks to the efforts of scientists, a peach variety Kievsky early was bred, which tolerates cold winters well and quickly adapts to different climatic conditions.

Description and characteristics of the Kyiv Early variety

The tree grows up to 5 meters high. By the third year, a rounded crown with spreading branches is formed. At the same time, the culture begins to bear fruit.The leaves are narrow, elongated with a finely serrated border. Peach blossom begins in April-May and lasts until the foliage blooms. When describing the Kyiv early peach variety, one cannot fail to mention its similarity with sakura in the beauty of pink inflorescences.

Round fruits weighing 80-100 g of the tree are yellow with a blush and velvety skin. Ripe by mid-summer. The pulp is white, sweet, juicy with sourness and a delicate aroma. Unlike other varieties, it does not blush closer to the hard-to-separate pointed stone, speckled with grooves.

Delicious refreshing peach fruits please in the early stages, despite the frosty winters, thanks to the ability to quickly recover.

Pros and cons of peach

Demand for Kyiv early peach is explained by the predominance of the advantages of the variety over the disadvantages. The advantages of culture gardeners include:

• early fruit ripening;
• yield - up to 60 kg per tree every year;
• recognized fruit flavors;
• high resistance to diseases affecting peach trees;
• fast growth;
• adaptation to climatic conditions, frost resistance;
• the use of fruits in dietetics, cooking, cosmetology due to the vitamins and minerals they contain;
• fruits normalize blood pH;
• portability.

Cons of culture:

• demanding to moderate soil moisture;
• hard-to-remove bones;
• Tendency to crown curl.

The fruits of this variety are among the most delicious. With adequate care, the tree bears fruit up to 15 years.

Specific plant cultivation

The choice of location, seedling, planting and other agrotechnical activities in the cultivation of early Kyiv peach have their own characteristics.

Where is the best place to plant?

Fruit trees love elevated areas without stagnant water, cold winds. For flowering, the formation of the ovary requires sufficient sunlight. Experienced gardeners exclude the cultivation of other plants closer than three meters from the early Kyiv peach, do not allow shading by buildings, a fence.

The soil for cultivation is prepared nutritious, slightly acidic with good drainage.Landing in swampy soil or near groundwater, lying closer than 1.5 from the surface, is not allowed. Due to the risk of infection with verticillium, the areas where melons, tomatoes, strawberries used to grow are not suitable for use.

The timing of peach planting depends on the climate of a particular region.In the southern regions, the recommended time is autumn. Where winters are cold, the seedling needs time to establish and adapt. In central Russia, the optimal time is spring, after the snow cover has melted and the earth has dried.

Selecting planting material

Kyiv early peach seedlings are purchased in specialized nurseries. The trees are pre-examined for integrity, the absence of deformations and damage to the trunk, branches. Find out from the manufacturer how adapted the variety is to local conditions.

Pay attention to the development of the root system. The normal length of the roots of a two-year-old seedling is at least 30 cm. An even, straight bole should not have lateral branches.

By the color of a torn off piece of bark, a living seedling or a dried one is determined. The underside of the bark is green, which means that the plant is suitable for growing. If the color is brown, the tree is dead.

How to plant a peach?

It is recommended to dig a pit under the culture with a depth and width of 60 cm from autumn to shrink the soil. Otherwise, the seedling will be drawn in to a greater depth than planned planting.

The fertile soil layer of the planting pit is separated from the infertile one by throwing it to different places. A bucket of peat or humus, 200 g of ash or 200 g of complex mineral fertilizers are added to the arable layer. After laying the drainage on the bottom, fertilized soil is poured on top. Infertile land is scattered around the site or taken out of it.

Peach planting algorithm:

1. A retaining stake is dug in the center of the planting hole.
2. A mound is formed in the pit, on which the roots of the seedling are spread.
3. The tree is carefully covered with earth, periodically shaking so that voids do not appear between the roots. It is allowed to deepen the root collar no more than 5 cm. The grafting site should be located above the ground.
4. The support stake is tied to the trunk of a peach.
5. The seedling is being watered.
6. When the soil subsides, add more land, form a near-stem circle, mulch with sawdust, bark.

Pollinators

The variety is self-pollinated. To maximize yields, other varieties are planted nearby that bloom simultaneously with early Kyiv - Redhaven, Velvety, Greensboro. The optimal distance between fruit trees is 3-4 m. If planted closer to each other, there will be a lack of light and minerals. With rare plantings, the intensity of pollination decreases.

Subtleties of crop care

The key to high yields, excellent taste of tender juicy fruits lies not only in choosing a he althy seedling and planting. Proper care of early Kyiv peach affects the growth of the crop, reveals its varietal characteristics in full.

Irrigation

Adult tree needs 5 waterings per season. The first time moisten the soil through the groove of the trunk circle 10 days before flowering. Then - as needed. The early Kyiv peach especially feels the need for water during drought. You can water the crop abundantly not earlier than the seeds in the fruits become hard. Otherwise, the risk of cracking the peel increases.

The land under young trees is moistened in the summer in the absence of rain every 2 weeks, pouring a bucket of water under them.

Feeding

In the spring, nitrogen-containing fertilizers are applied under early Kyiv peach - nitroammophoska, urea. In early summer, potassium preparations are used to form the ovary and increase the sugar content of fruits.

If the land in the planting pit is fertilized according to the rules, then peach is fed with liquid organic matter in the summer, starting from the third year. Stop application 2 weeks before harvest.

One of the best organic fertilizers for fruit trees is chicken manure. Organics are combined in equal parts with water, kept warm for 3 days. Before use, the infusion is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. The optimal volume for feeding is 1 liter per 2 square meters. m of land.

Complex mineral fertilizers are added to organic fertilizers in the first half of summer. In autumn, when digging the earth, humus, superphosphate, and ash are added.

Cutting

Pruning peach early Kyiv is carried out for sanitary purposes, to form a crown and for rejuvenation, when old branches are replaced by young ones. Sanitary pruning of the culture is carried out in spring and autumn. Remove diseased deformed branches.

Forming pruning is done exclusively in spring, when the average daily air temperature reaches 5 °C.

When forming the skeleton of a tree, in the first year, the conductor is shortened at a height of half a meter.From the shoots of the lower tier, one skeletal branch is left. Above 5 kidneys on the opposite side - the second. They are cut to 20 cm. In the second year, two skeletal branches of the second tier are formed, located above last year's ones. Cut the trunk at the level of the fourth branch. The branches of the lower tier are cut by 1/3, and the second is 10 cm less than the first.

For the third spring, branches of the second order are laid. At a distance of at least 50 cm from the trunk, several processes of the skeletal branches of the lower row are selected, shortened to 40 cm. In the fourth year, the same procedure is repeated, but with the second tier. Peach Kyiv early annually needs to free the stem from the shoots, to shorten the ends of the skeletal branches.

Do I need to cook an early Kyiv peach for wintering?

Preparing crops for winter includes the following activities:

• abundant autumn watering;
• mulching the near-stem circle with sawdust, peat, dry grass;
• whitewashing the trunk, lower branches.

If a peach is shaped like a bush, the branches are tied, bent down to the ground, covered with dry leaves. A frame is constructed around the seedling, on which agrofiber, spunbond is fixed. In adult trees, the trunk is tied with burlap, spruce branches or cardboard with a layer of dry grass.

Fight disease

The main fungal diseases of the culture include:

1. Curly. All organs of the early Kyiv peach are affected, but most of all the foliage. First, swellings appear on the leaf plates, the color changes from green to red and brown. Further, the leaves curl, fall off. For the treatment of culture, Bordeaux liquid is used 3% before bud break, 2% when blooming and 1% with growing shoots.
2. Clusterosporiasis. Peach leaves develop small red spots that dry out to create holes. The disease passes to the bark of the trunk, branches, forming ulcers. Over time, "warts" appear on the fruits. Before bud break, during the budding period and after flowering, the culture is treated with copper oxychloride (3.5 g per liter of water).
3. Fruit rot. Infects fruits with moldy plaque. Sick specimens are removed so as not to infect neighboring ones. The tree is sprayed with safe fungicides - Fitolavin, Planriz, Gamair.
4. Powdery mildew. On leaves, branches, fruits, a gray fungal coating is formed, which reduces frost resistance and crop yield. The treatment consists in applying Fundazol before flowering, Topas after it.

For the prevention of fungal diseases of Kyiv early peach, sanitary pruning, cleaning of foliage, fruits and branches under trees from the ground are recommended.

Pest Protection

From the common insect pests attacking the culture, there are:

• fruit moth;
• weevils;
• phish;
• oriental codling moth.

With moth caterpillars that destroy shoots, they fight with the help of Nitrofen, Karbofos, Iskra. To get rid of the weevil that eats all parts of the early Kyiv peach, double-sided tape is glued to the trunk. When a lot of insects gather on the trapping belt, the device is removed and disposed of. It helps whitewashing the trunk and branches, digging the earth in the near-trunk circle, processing the culture with copper sulfate, Fitoverm, Metaphos.

Aphids, sucking juices and leading to drying of leaves, buds, young branches, do not like spraying with infusion of garlic, onion peel and dandelions. Of the chemicals, Nitrofen, Dursban, Decis are used.

Pink caterpillars of the Eastern codling moth destroy shoots, peach fruits. To destroy the pest, a solution of Chlorophos (20 g per 10 l of water), Karbofos (60 g per 10 l of water) is suitable.

Harvest and marketing of crops

When harvesting fruits, it is important not to miss the term of technical ripeness, if the fruits go for sale, culinary processing. For fresh consumption, overripe peaches should not be allowed, as the taste and texture of the pulp change, not for the better. The fruits lose their juiciness and become dry.

Fruits are used to make compotes, jams, marmalade, mashed potatoes. Fruits are selected without damage and crumpled sides, with a dense peel. Such specimens contain more vitamins, micro and macro elements.

When fresh, peaches last no more than a week in the refrigerator. The right choice of a seedling, planting and further care for peach early Kyiv allows Russian gardeners to enjoy delicate fragrant fruits, starting from mid-July.

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