Gelenium perennial: description of 20 varieties and species, planting and care in the open field

Gelenium is a perennial herbaceous plant. It is widely used in horticulture for landscaping. Shoots reach a height of up to 2 meters, blooms during the summer period. Forms bright yellow, orange, red flowers of large size. They brighten up garden beds and pair well with other flowering plants.

Description and features

Gelenium is a perennial plant, reaching a height of up to 120 cm. It forms tall erect stems with green lanceolate leaves. Flowering begins in June and lasts until September, the timing of flowering depends on the variety.Large flowers are formed with a diameter of 6-8 cm. The color varies from bright yellow to bright red. Gelenium resembles large daisies. A feature of the plant is that the bush is formed from separately growing shoots with intertwined roots.

Outdoor cultivation

For growing gelenium in open ground, choose a suitable place, soil, observe planting dates and planting techniques.

Choosing a seat

The plant loves good sunny areas. In shaded places it gives not such lush flowers, the stems are pulled towards the sun, the bush grows unevenly. Gelenium does not like drafts and high moisture.

Ground requirements

Culture prefers light, airy soil with good drainage. The plant does not tolerate frequent flooding by rain and melt water. Roots rot and bushes die.

Timing

The plant is planted in open ground in mid-May or earlier, depending on the region. At the time of planting, the soil should warm up to 10 ° C per 10 cm of depth.

How to plant

Holes for planting are formed on the site. The distance between them should be 40-80 cm, depending on the variety of gelenium. For undersized species, they maintain a distance of 40 cm, for medium-sized ones - 60 cm, for tall ones - 80 cm.

Planting is carried out according to the following algorithm:

1. Dig holes 20 cm deep.
2. A drainage composition is laid at the bottom of the hole.
3. Then fill in the soil, filling half the hole.
4. Pour warm water.
5. The plant is transferred to the hole.
6. Sprinkle the roots in layers, compacting each layer.

How to grow and plant seedlings

Seedlings are grown using seeds. Grains are harvested from the mother bush or bought in flower shops. Hybrid varieties of gelenium will not produce the same flowers from the collected seeds, so they can only be bought.

Timing

Seedling preparation begins in April. At this time, the first frosts have not receded yet. In 2-3 weeks after planting, the grains will sprout, which require appropriate care.

Seedlings are ready for planting usually in the middle of June.

Preparation of seed

Seeds are soaked in warm water for a couple of hours. Then dipped in a solution of potassium permanganate for 1-1.5 hours. Dry them on dry gauze and start planting. Seeds are harvested in autumn from their own plants or bought from flower shops.

How to plant

Before planting, prepare 250 ml containers and soil. Easy to use peat cups, they are immersed in the ground entirely, they disintegrate in the soil.

The soil is bought in flower shops or taken from the site. For soil of own preparation mix:

• 1 piece of peat;
• 3 parts of humus;
• 1 piece of sand.

For planting seeds take a total large capacity. It is half filled with soil. Helenium grains are sown and covered with soil. Cover with a film on top to create a greenhouse effect. The pot is transferred to a warm place and periodically ventilated. After the appearance of sprouts, the film is removed. When the seedlings form 2 true leaves, they are planted in separate boxes.

Temperature conditions

Seedlings are kept at a temperature of 20 °C. 2-3 days before transferring to the ground, the seedlings are taken out to a cool place for hardening.

Important! Seedlings should not be exposed to night frosts, if they are present at night, then planting is postponed to a more favorable period.

When and how to plant in open ground

Seedlings are transferred to open ground when 3-4 true leaves are formed on the sprouts. This time falls at the end of May or beginning of June. When planting, there should be no night frosts, and the soil should warm up to 10 ° C to a depth of 10 cm.

Landing in open ground is carried out as follows:

• On the prepared site, holes are made 15 cm deep and 10 cm in diameter.
• 2 cm of drainage compound is placed on the bottom.
• Pour 200 ml of warm water.
• Transfer the seedling into the ground.
• Sprinkle it with soil in layers, compacting each layer with your hands.
• Washed with warm water.

Flowering Helenium grown from seeds begins after 2 years of the vegetative period.

Care

For lush flowering, you must follow the rules for caring for a flower: monitor watering, fertilize, loosen the soil, spray against pests and diseases, pruning.

Irrigation

In temperate climates, gelenium is watered every week. One plant consumes 2-3 liters of water. Water is used in advance settled or collected in a spring. In a dry climate, watering is increased up to 2 times a week, and with frequent rains, it is kept up to 1 time in 2 weeks.

Loosening and weeding

Loosening is carried out after each watering and rain. The topsoil is loosened with a chopper, and all weeds are removed. Weeds degrade the quality of the soil and absorb some of the minerals, impoverishing the soil.If you do not do regular weeding, this will affect the quality of flowering. Loosening and weeding enrich the roots of the plant with oxygen.

Feeding

Helenium is fed 3 times per season, the first at the beginning of the season, after planting or the appearance of the first shoots, the second during flowering, and the third after collecting seeds and preparing for wintering.

In May

In May, apply mineral fertilizers with a high nitrogen content. Nitrogen improves flowering and accelerates plant growth and development.

Important! Excessive application of nitrogen to the soil negatively affects the development of the plant.

During flowering

During flowering, gelenium needs to be fed, as the plant spends a lot of energy on the formation of buds and flowers. Use mineral complexes containing phosphorus, potassium, copper.

Wood ash can be used.

At the end of October

At the end of October, seeds form on the shoots. After collecting seeds and pruning, complex mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are applied. They are applied dry, during the winter the minerals are absorbed into the soil, and by spring they are absorbed by the plant.

Spraying

To prevent the development of diseases and pest attacks, preventive treatment of bushes with insecticides and fungicides is carried out. Solutions are sprayed in dry, calm weather. Processing is carried out at the beginning of the vegetative period, before flowering.

Pinching

At the beginning of flowering pinch the side shoots, this procedure gives abundant flowering. The plant, instead of spending energy on the formation of shoots, will switch to the formation of flowers.

Transfer

Gelenium impoverishes the soil, so it needs to be replanted every 3-4 years. To do this, choose a suitable new place, fertilize it. Transplantation is carried out in the spring, before flowering begins. At this time, the bushes can be propagated by division.

Diseases and pests

Gelenium has strong immunity, the flower is resistant to fungal diseases and insect attack. However, if the conditions for growing and planting are not observed, the chrysanthemum nematode attacks the flower. These are small worms that penetrate the roots of the plant, into the buds. It affects all parts of the plant. To combat them, they are treated with a chemical insecticide and water the roots with hot water. All affected parts of the flower are cut and burned.

Pruning inflorescences

Gelenium gives inflorescences gradually. Some are already blooming, while others are in a state of bud. It is recommended to cut wilted and fading flowers, this speeds up the formation of new flowers.

After flowering

After flowering, seeds are collected and the plant is covered for the winter.

Collection and storage of seeds

Flowering culture ends in September.By October, seeds ripen in rosettes. The flower petals dry out and fall off, and seeds form in the center. They dry out and are easy to remove from the outlet. They store grains in gauze bags or a cardboard box; paper envelopes are also suitable for this purpose. Store seeds in a dry, warm place. Germination lasts 2-3 years after harvest.

Wintering

Many types of gelenium are frost-resistant. Some species and varieties do not tolerate severe frosts. At the end of the season, the shoots of the plant are cut off and the root area is mulched with moss, straw or sawdust. This will ensure the safety of the plant until the next season.

Views

Gelenium has many varieties. Gardeners most often grow 6 varieties, they easily tolerate winter and delight with their color and lush flowering.

Bigelow

The height of the shoots is about 80 cm, the leaves are straight lanceolate. Flowering falls in June-July. Flowers 5 cm in diameter, yellow-orange. The central part of the flower is brown.

Spring

Stems are dense, straight, up to 1 meter high. Covered with lanceolate green leaves. Flowering begins in May, forms orange-yellow rosettes up to 7 cm in diameter.

Gupesa

Popular with flower growers, shoots are dense, lignified, up to 1.5 meters in height. Leaves lanceolate, green. Flowers with a diameter of 3 to 5 cm have a red-yellow color. The plant blooms for 2 months.

Autumn

Is the founder of most varieties of gelenium. Reaches a height of 2 meters. The stems are tall and dense. At the top are flowers with a diameter of 5-6 cm, bright orange in color, with red thin lines and a yellow rim.

Hybrid

Plant height from 1 to 1.3 meters. Varieties have different colors: from light yellow to bright burgundy. Flowers with a diameter of 3-3.5 cm. Abundant flowering occurs in July.

Chupah

Does well on slopes and rocky areas. The plant reaches a height of 60-70 cm, bright yellow flowers are located at the top. Diameter up to 10 cm.

Popular varieties

Gelenium varieties are out of the autumn look. It is the progenitor of almost all varieties. Hybrid varieties are less cold tolerant.

Important! Seeds of hybrid varieties do not produce such flower colors. For growing through seeds, they are purchased in stores.

Rubinzwerg

Cold-resistant undersized variety, grows up to 60 cm in height. The flowers have a bright red, burgundy color. Flowering lasts 4 months.

Cockade

Hybrid cultivar, shoots up to 120 cm tall, with red-brown flowers at the top with a yellow-brown convex center.

Moerheim Beauty

The height of the plant reaches 90-120 cm. A distinctive feature of the variety is flowering rosettes of different colors: yellow, red, orange.

Blossoms from July to November.

W altraud

Hybrid cultivar, shoots about 80 cm tall, produces yellowish copper flowers with a brownish yellow centre. Blooms from July to August.

Koenigstiger

Shoots high, up to 150 cm, forms bright yellow flowers with a burgundy border. The middle is brown-burgundy. Blooms from July to September.

Baudirektor Linne

The height of the bush is 1.3 meters. At the top are bright brown-burgundy flowers. The middle is brownish red. Blooms in August.

Sonnewunder

Medium-sized variety of gelenium, shoot height up to 90 cm. Forms bright yellow-orange flowers with a diameter of 4 cm. Flowering begins in the middle of the season.

September Gold

The height of shoots is 1 meter. The flowers are bright yellow with the same center. The leaves are green lanceolate. Blooms in September.

Katarina

The height of the shoots is up to 1.5 meters, the color of the flowers is bright orange-red. The leaves are green lanceolate. Flowers with a diameter of 5 cm.

Superboom

The height of the stems is 1.8 meters. The flowers are yellow-orange, the petals are wavy along the edges. The leaves are dark green, lanceolate.

Altgold

The bushes reach 90 cm in height, bloom with golden brown flowers up to 4 cm in diameter. The core is large, brown-purple.

Goldfuchs

Plant up to 1.8 meters high, forms brown-orange flowers with yellow spots. Blooms in August.

Dee Blonde

Plant height up to 1.7 meters. Forms bright red flowers with a diameter of 6-8 cm. The core is convex, yellow-brown. Blooms from July to September.

Glutauge

Medium-sized variety of gelenium. Coral-colored flowers, yellow-red heart. Flowers diameter 4 cm. Blooms in the middle of summer.

Reproduction

The plant reproduces in two ways: seeds and division.

Seeds

Seeds of the plant are planted for seedlings in March, then transferred to open ground. Annual plant does not bloom, the first flowers are formed in a season.

Dividing the bush

The mother bush is dug up, trying not to damage the roots. Then, with scissors or a knife, the roots are cut into several parts and planted in separate holes. Gelenium rejuvenation is carried out every 3-4 years.

Landscape use

Due to its lush flowering, gelenium is preferably planted in flower beds, on lawns, along borders, next to bushy plants. Tall varieties are planted in the background of the flower beds, and undersized in front of them.

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