Clematis in Siberia: planting and care, the best varieties and growing rules

Clematis is loved for its abundant long flowering, decorative effect, pleasant aroma and resistance to the vagaries of the weather. There are several thousand varieties of vines popular all over the world. The plant does equally well in the south and in colder regions. For cultivation in Siberia, clematis are chosen that are adapted to the characteristics of the climate and weather conditions. Consider the best varieties for the region and the rules of care.

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Clematis are representatives of the Buttercup family, another name is clematis. In nature, they grow in temperate latitudes of the northern hemisphere, in the subtropical zone. Distributed everywhere - along the slopes and banks of water bodies, in the steppes, shrubs.

Perennial plant with liana-like or tree-like shoots. Flowers are solitary, sometimes in inflorescences. Natural species bloom in spring. Flowers have 4-8 petals, many stamens and carpels. About 300 species are known, in Russia - 15. The prince, belonging to the subgenus of clematis, grows throughout the Siberian region.

Features of the regional climate

Features of the Siberian climate that are taken into account when choosing a clematis variety for planting:

• low winter temperatures - choose frost-resistant flower varieties;
• possibility of late frosts - shelter is removed when steady heat sets in;
• early cooling - late varieties of clematis in Siberia bloom once.

Flower growers are better off using local planting material purchased from Siberian nurseries.

Growing

The methods of planting and caring for clematis in the Siberian region do not differ much from the general rules of agrotechnical culture. The main differences are in the abundant pre-winter pruning of the bush, so that it is easier for plants to endure frosts, and in the timely shelter of flowers.

Choice variety

When selecting a variety, they are guided by frost resistance. Many clematis easily tolerate cold snaps down to -30-40 °. The decorativeness of cold-resistant varieties is high, the flowers are large, expressive, bright. When choosing a variety, they take into account on which shoots flowers develop in this species, because in winter in Siberia clematis is heavily pruned. According to the methods of flowering (types of pruning), clematis is divided into 3 groups.

First group

This group of clematis produces buds on old last year's shoots, rarely on new shoots. It is not recommended to grow such varieties in the Siberian region, since in winter the green part of the bush is cut off, and the buds will have nowhere to grow.

Second

Clematis of the second group bloom twice:

• May-June - on last year's branches;
• July-August - on a young growth.

When growing representatives of the second group, strong pruning of the bush is impossible (the shoots are shortened by 1/3-1/4 of the length and insulated with air access). The second group can be planted only in the southern part of Siberia, since poorly sheltered shoots freeze out in severe frosts. Siberian flower growers still plant these clematis - the most beautiful, terry species belong to this group.

Third

The third group of clematis most adapted to Siberian frosts blooms on lianas that have grown on bushes since the beginning of spring. Flowering starts late - July-August. In this class of clematis, there are many varieties with exquisite beauty of flowers (a few double ones).

Natural varieties

Some wild-growing species have an impressive decorative effect, so they are planted in the field. Straight and Tangut clematis grow well in Siberia.

Straight

Dense stems of clematis do not need a garter, the plant resembles a shrub up to one and a half meters high. During the flowering period, the bush is showered with white medium-sized buds, the flowers raise their heads to the sun. Abundant flowering - June-July. In winter, the stems are cut at the root.

Tangut

During flowering, clematis is covered with medium-sized yellow bells with drooping heads. More than a hundred buds develop on the shoots. Tangut clematis gives vine-like shoots up to 4 meters or grows as a low bush. The plant is also decorated with growing fruits with a long silvery tail.

Landing

At one place a he althy clematis bush can grow in Siberia for 5-10 years. The longevity of a flower largely depends on the convenience of location and compliance with the planting conditions.

Choosing a seat

Clematis do not like dark places where the sun rarely looks. When planting a bush near buildings, they choose the south side, away from the roof from which water flows. The landing site should be well lit, only light shading is allowed. Moisture stagnation is the greatest danger to plants, therefore, in lowlands, where puddles often stand, as well as in places where groundwater passes high, bushes are not planted.

Choose a place protected from drafts, where excess moisture will quickly evaporate in the sun. The support for clematis is prepared in advance until the bush has grown.

Important: clematis grows best on small hills from which water flows. Florists advise to raise the area for the flower - to make a mound 5-15 centimeters high.

Soil Requirements

Clematis do not grow well on heavy acidic soils with high salinity.Having chosen the soil from the pit, they make drainage - a mixture of broken bricks, vermiculite, sand. For deoxidation, lime, dolomite flour, wood ash are added to the soil. When planting a bush, the soil is replaced with a mixture of humus, compost and fertile soil with the addition of complex fertilizers.

Boarding process

Having decided on the site, they dig a hole with sides of 60 centimeters and the same depth. Pour a drainage layer (10-15 centimeters). The roots of the seedling are carefully straightened. Place young clematis so that 1-2 buds are deepened by 7-12 centimeters. The bush should be placed in a shallow hole, be below the soil level.

Date of planting

Most experienced flower growers advise planting clematis in the spring, although, according to agricultural technology, autumn is also acceptable. It is important to choose a time when the threat of frost has passed, but the weather is still cool enough and comfortable for rooting.

When planting a flower in the spring, it is better to prepare the pit in the fall.

Care

Caring care ensures long-term abundant flowering and decorative effect of clematis. Care includes watering, garter, top dressing. Clematis grows best when roots are shaded and kept cool.

Irrigation

Powerful root system and fast growing vines require a lot of moisture. Clematis bushes are watered abundantly so that the water completely soaks the ground to the lower parts of the roots. Multiplicity - once a week. Water stagnation must not be allowed. After drying the top layer, the soil is loosened to avoid moisture loss, mulched with organic matter, which will serve as fertilizer for the flower.

Reference: an obligatory part of care is the removal of weeds that contribute to the spread of diseases and pests that are dangerous for clematis, and do not allow excess moisture to leave.

Cutting

During the summer, it is necessary to cut off drying or diseased areas of the bush, and also, if desired, to carry out a decorative formation of the plant. In autumn, with the approach of frost, the branches are cut off, leaving 15-20 centimeters of the stem with 3-4 buds. It is important not to delay pruning the bush before the onset of severe cold weather.

Pillar construction

Tie up the clematis bush, fixing the shoots to the support helps to solve the following tasks:

• fix the flower in a vertical position;
• ventilate the bush, protect from excess moisture, fungal diseases;
• make care and trimming easier.

The support performs a decorating function, flower growers are creative in the construction of the support, because in the absence of greenery, the structure should not spoil the view of the site.

Roll mesh

Large mesh cells serve to bind clematis shoots planted along the support. Attach the net to strong bars.

Mesh arches

Arched support for the net can be installed on the site, creating a recreation area. Clematis creepers will gradually braid the arch, making a natural canopy from the sun.

Obelisks

Supports in the form of obelisks made of wood, metal rods, firmly hold the clematis, do not allow the bush to fall apart.

Fence trellis

The remains of a picket fence can be turned into a support for bushes (at least 1.5 meters high).

Grid on the arch

Arched structures decorate the site. Having made several symmetrical arches, they stretch the mesh and fasten the shoots.

Tube in the center of a bicycle wheel

A cylindrical support for a bush is constructed from a strong pipe in the center and a bicycle wheel fixed on top.

Wooden bars

You will need a solid frame and a lattice in the form of diamonds or squares measuring 5x5 centimeters. Wood is painted or varnished.

Round support

Globular support looks great in flowerbeds, near terraces. They are made from flexible pipes made of aluminum or plastic, wooden rods serve as an additional support for clematis.

Wooden pergola

Stable, durable and strong wooden pergola can be built from beams and thin slats.

Column from the grid

The role of the column is performed by a pipe or fittings. From above they make a round or square frame, fix the grid. Clematis are planted inside or around the perimeter.

Pyramids

Clematis planted in different places of the plot can be strengthened on stable pyramids made of their rails or pipes.

Semicircle

Semicircular fasteners for a clematis bush are bent from elastic pipes or fittings. It is buried and concreted so as not to collapse.

Fence corners

By reinforcing special corners for clematis on the fence, you can create a natural flowering fence around the site.

Reference: decorative fences are also used as supports for a flower, structures in the form of trellises, figurines of reinforcement, clematis are attached to the walls of summer cottages.

Fertilizer and top dressing

Only well-fertilized clematis bloom luxuriantly and profusely. In the spring, deoxidize the soil in Siberia under the clematis bushes by adding dolomite flour and lime. Several top dressings are carried out during the season:

• nitrogen fertilizers - early in the growing season;
• potassium - during flowering;
• phosphoric - in autumn.

It is better to use fertilizers containing trace elements - boron, molybdenum, cob alt. Ready-made complexes of prolonged action (Pocon, Kemira) are applied in the interval between the main feedings.

Shelter for the winter

Even frost-resistant varieties of clematis cover with the approach of cold weather. Use for winter warming:

• peat;
• sawdust;
• spruce branches;
• sheets of roofing felt or light wooden boards.

Clematis are covered with fallen snow over the shelter. With the onset of heat, the bush is released, the soil is carefully loosened.

Suitable varieties

Many varieties with frost resistance and high decorative effect are successfully grown in Siberia.

Elegy

Purple beauties with flower size up to 13 centimeters. Shoots grow up to 3.5 meters. It has been cultivated in Siberia for many years.

Luther Burbank

Variety Luther Burbank is not afraid of frost, blooms all summer months. Purple-violet flowers with yellow anthers (16-20 centimeters).

Anastasia Anisimova

Strong bush (1-1.5 meters) does not need support, strewn with blue flowers with delicate veins.

President

Star shaped flower with wavy petals. Flowering - twice a season, the color of the flowers can change from dark to light purple.

Multi Blue

Lush double flowers with a color from purple to blue and up to 20 centimeters in size. In the absence of early frosts, the bush may bloom again in the fall.

Miss Bateman

White and delicate, like an English miss, the flowers grow up to 15-17 centimeters. Grown in Siberia because of unpretentiousness and resistance to adverse conditions.

Cholmondeley

Clematis of this variety produce flowers in shades from lilac to purple. On old shoots - semi-double, on young ones - simple.

Madame le Cultret

Shrub with lily-white flowers withstands frosts down to -35 ° in winter.

Warsaw Nike

Dark purple in the center and lighter towards the edges of the petals do not fade in the sun. Bloom twice.

Dr. Ruppel

Exquisitely shaped and colored flowers with lush anthers. Petals are soft pink with a brighter center stripe.

Nellie Moser

Star-shaped flowers with 6-8 pointed petals. The color of the petals is light pink with a bright purple stripe in the center.

Jacquman

4-6 clematis petals are deep purple with a tendency to fade to bluish.

Rouge Cardinal

Velvety bright purple or burgundy flowers will decorate any site. Abundant flowering, June-August.

Huldin

Late variety with large white flowers shimmering with pearly sheen.

Hagley Hybrid

English miracle with heads up to 18 centimeters. Petals are pink-purple, anthers are burgundy-lilac.

John Paul 2

Clematis blooms with snow-white buds with a pale pink unexpressed stripe in the center of the petal.

Ernest Markham

1936 variety. It is famous for its flowers of bright shades of red - from pink-lilac to red-burgundy.

Purpurea Plena Elegance

Small flowers strew the bush with a purple-purple veil.

Minister

The bluish-lavender petals have a pink-purple stripe in the center.

Space melody

Flowers strongly open, cherry shades with velvety petals. Flowering is abundant and long.

Ville de Lyon

Rose-red flowers with a pronounced border around the edge.

Forest opera

White petals almost close, form a circle. Blooms until frost.

Dawn

A rare variety with snow-white flowers that are pale pink at the beginning of blooming.

Climber

Light lilac petals of an elongated diamond-shaped form have clematis varieties Alpinist.

Ballerina

The whiteness and shape of the open flowers resemble a tutu. Blooms again in August.

Flower Ball

Clematis petals are round and pale purple with a brighter stripe in the center.

Golden Anniversary

Purple-purple pointed clematis petals gradually brighten in the sun.

Blue flames

One of the most reliable varieties for Siberia with purple petals.

Purple Star

Purple flowers do not fade in the sun, flowering - June-August.

Grey bird

Slightly downturned and spreading purple-blue petals give the flowers a bird-like appearance.

Nikolai Rubtsov

Abundant flowering throughout the height of the bush with pink-lilac buds.

Texa

Buds with complex coloring of petals - blue background with a stripe and strokes of pink and white shades.

Blue Angel

Clematis blooms in a lush cloud of soft blue flowers.

Koduehe

Pale lilac color of the petals with a darker stripe in the center.

Lituanica

Bred by Lithuanian breeders, a variety with red anthers, wavy white-pink petals.

Niobe

Highly ornamental bright purple flower with short yellow anthers.

Gypsy Queen

Purple flowers can fade in the sun, choose a shaded area for planting.

Victoria

Delicate clematis with purple-pink color and yellow core bred in Estonia.

Reproduction

Clematis owners use several ways to propagate mother plants. The methods do not require special knowledge, are not laborious, it is possible to obtain viable clematis that completely repeats the properties of the variety.

Stem layers

The easiest and most effective way to quickly get the desired number of new clematis bushes is to drop the stems down. Several small incisions are made on the shoot, the stem is pinned to the soil with a hairpin and sprinkled with soil. The procedure is carried out in June-July, so that the layers take root before winter.

In the winter, the shoots are covered, in the spring the bushes are transplanted to a new place. This method works well on fertile, well-drained soils.

Green layering

Plots of stems (green or woody) are cut off from vegetative bushes, placed in a mixture of sand, peat in small containers. Layers are taken in May-June, kept in greenhouses with a temperature of 18-22 °. Watered every other day, avoiding stagnation of water in containers.

Division of an adult bush

Dividing a bush is an unpredictable process, used infrequently. There is a risk of losing all planting material. A bush at the age of 3-5 years is dug up, the rhizome is divided into 2-3 parts depending on the size.

Protection from pests and diseases

Cold rainy weather, poor ventilation of the bushes, an incorrectly chosen site provoke the development of fungal diseases in clematis. Pests attack bushes in the presence of weeds, dense plantings and lack of processing.

Wilt

Fungal disease leads to drying of vines, twisting of leaves, death of stems.In the spring, before the beginning of the growing season of the bush, the earth is prophylactically shed with Bordeaux liquid, fungicidal preparations. Infected areas of the bushes are cut out and burned. The bush is treated with Fundazol, a solution of potassium permanganate, copper sulfate.

Nematodes

There are several types of nematodes that are equally dangerous for clematis. They attack roots, stems, flowers. For the destruction of nematodes, drugs Nematofagin, Dimethoate are used. In case of severe damage, the bush will have to be dug up and destroyed, do not use the site for clematis for 3-5 years.

Spider mite

Ticks are especially dangerous in hot dry weather, clematis are regularly inspected for spider webs and insects. To fight, use Actellik, Akarin or more gentle means - Fitoverm, Bitoxibacillin.

Aphid

Small aphids gather in numerous colonies on growing shoots, the carriers are ants. For the fight, folk remedies are used (soap, garlic, wormwood, onion peel), mechanical removal. With a strong infection of the bush - insecticide preparations - Aktara, Iskra.

Landscape use

Fast growing clematis with abundant long flowering are used in landscape design in many ways:

1. Combined with other plants. The bushes look harmonious and grow together, without interfering with each other, with coniferous trees and roses. Clematis is complemented by other liana-like species - honeysuckle, hops, parthenocissus, lemongrass.
2. Clematis of different varieties are planted to create a "blooming wave" - representatives of different species gradually bloom. The site is decorated with blooming clematis in turn throughout the season.
3. As a groundcover in rock and gravel gardens.
4. For decorating buildings, arbors, poles, dried trees with flowers.
5. In containers for decorating verandas, recreation areas with the ability to replace and move flowers if necessary.
6. For single planting, using decorative supports. The fantasy of flower growers is endless - umbrellas, trellises, arches, obelisks.

Often combine 2-3 types of clematis in a common composition. When connected, some flowers dominate in size and beauty, the rest are smaller, they play the role of a background.

Clematis require regular care and attention, they need to be watered, fertilized, tied up, formed a bush so that the shoots are placed harmoniously, do not interfere with each other. In response, blooming clematis will give a unique beauty to the site, dissolve a sea of flowers that delight the eye and uplifting.

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