Apple trees for Siberia: descriptions of the best varieties and how to properly care

Unfavorable climate for many years was an insurmountable obstacle to the cultivation of fruit trees. Heat-loving plants could not survive severe frosts and resist the vagaries of nature. As a result of the painstaking work of breeders, many unique plant varieties have appeared. Apple trees for orchards in Siberia have become the pinnacle of the achievements of talented scientists.

How to choose the right variety

In the difficult climatic conditions of Siberia, it is necessary to choose frost-resistant types of apple trees. Of great importance is the ability of plants to quickly recover after a sudden thaw and return frosts.Winter-hardy varieties of Siberian selection meet the strict requirements of agricultural technology.

Which varieties are better to choose for Siberia

The territory of Siberia is divided into two large parts. Each of them has its own climatic conditions, so the requirements for varieties may differ. With a careful approach to business, you can grow the most productive trees.

Western

In the temperate continental climate of Western Siberia, summers are sultry and winters are harsh, but still the conditions for growing apple trees are milder than in the orchards of the eastern region of Siberia. Winter temperatures rarely drop below 35 ºC.

When choosing material for planting, it is better to focus on varieties that are resistant to cold and have early ripening. The treasured or Altai amber varieties are endowed with such qualities.

Eastern

Sharply continental climate brings severe winters. Sometimes the air temperature drops to -60 ºC. Summer temperatures in the harsh region range from 20 to 40 ºC.

Huge temperature changes have a detrimental effect on apple trees, so you need to choose the strongest and most frost-resistant varieties, such as Lydia, Pupil, Autumn Joy.

Variety characteristics

What information is important when choosing a tree type:

Degree of frost resistance.
Terms of maturation of the crop.
Fruit taste.
External qualities of fruits (color, shape).
The presence of strong immunity.

Ranetki

The trees are decorated with a bright scattering of miniature, sweet apples. The plant is unpretentious, calmly tolerates frosts and temperature changes. The undemanding tree is resistant to diseases and regularly gives its owners a bountiful harvest.

Semi-culturing

Breeders bred semi-cultivated varieties by crossing ranetki with large-fruited apple species.Seedlings are grown in standard form, while other varieties are more often cultivated in the form of a stubble or bush. Most varieties need cross-pollination, so 3-4 varieties of semi-cultivated apple trees are planted in the garden.

Large-fruited creepers

Large-fruited varieties are difficult to grow in Siberia. They do not tolerate frost well, so the plants are grown in slate form. Due to its creeping form, the plant takes up a lot of space, so it is better to grow it in a spacious area.

Columnar

The plants are modest in size, the diameter of the crown does not exceed 50 cm. Small branches are located on the thickened trunk. Large yields from apple trees should not be expected. Unfortunately, columnar trees have a number of disadvantages:

Poor wintering of plants. In winter, the part above the snow level often freezes.
Trees require frequent pruning. Otherwise, the apple tree strives to form several trunks.
Short lifespan. On average, a columnar apple tree lives 8-9 years. Trees will often have to be replaced with young seedlings.

According to experts, columnar apple trees should not be planted in the Novosibirsk region.

Dwarf

Only hybrid varieties are suitable for Siberian gardens. Ordinary dwarf trees cannot be grown in harsh conditions. Plants are frost-resistant and are able to regularly please the owners with a harvest. The varieties Palmetta and Zhigulevskoe have proven themselves well.

Stamps

Ranets and semi-cultivated, small-fruited tree species are used to form standard forms. A low plant boasts a lush crown and an even trunk. It is very convenient to take care of such an apple tree.

Classification by maturity

When creating a garden, you need to make sure that the seedlings are of different ripening periods. This trick will help you get the most out of your plants.

Summer

Apple trees give a harvest in the last days of July and August. Summer fruits are stored no more than 4 weeks.

Ranetka Ermolaeva

A surprisingly unpretentious plant. Easily tolerates severe frost and rarely gets sick. Bright red fruits are sour, but after the onset of cold weather, apples become sweeter. The tree feels great in any conditions, except for the Far North. Ranetka is not demanding on sunlight and soil fertility.

Alyonushka

Tree refers to semi-dwarfs. The plant is decorated with weeping branches. Miniature bright yellow apples boast a sweet taste and a special spicy aroma.The plant easily tolerates cold, but, unfortunately, does not have strong immunity. The apple tree is often the victim of fungal infections.

Ermakovskoe Mining

Small, yellow fruits are adorned with scarlet touches. Apples are sweet and sour, fragrant. A distinctive feature of the tree is twisted branches. The fruits ripen in August. Harvest is stored for no more than a month. The leaves are susceptible to scab disease. Winter hardiness of the plant is average.

Minusinsk Red

Unpretentious variety, recommended for breeding in any region of Siberia. Golden fruits are decorated with a blush. Apples are sweet and small. Fruits ripen by mid-August. Harvest is stored no more than 3 weeks.

Altai crimson

Grows well in both Western and Eastern Siberia. The height of the tree reaches 2.5 meters. The fruits are small and sweet. The variety is reliable, resistant to frost. It reaches maturity by the end of August. Apples keep up to 2 months. The tree is resistant to scab.

Melba

The calling card of the apple tree is a wonderful aroma, reminiscent of the smell of sweets. Sweet and sour fruits grow in weight from 80 to 140 g and reach maturity by the last days of August. You can store the crop until January. Melba's only flaw is susceptibility to scab.

Gorno altaiskoe

The plant is frost-resistant, but at low temperatures it can freeze slightly. Recovers quickly. The fruits are small, sweet and sour, slightly covered with a wax coating. Harvest ripens by the last days of August.

Zhebrovskoe

The tree is disease resistant and has a great taste of small, yellow fruits. The plant tolerates low temperatures well. Harvest takes place in the second half of August.

Autumn

Autumn types of apple trees reach maturity by the first half of September.Fruits can be stored for 1 to 3 months. Some varieties can be called winter. Late apples ripen by the end of September. You can store such fruits for 6 months. Knowing these features, it is not difficult to decide which varieties are best planted in the country.

Northern Sinap

Different by late ripening. The harvest can only be taken at the beginning of October. The plant is frost-resistant, tolerates drought well, resistant to scab. The fruits are sweet and sour, spicy, medium size.

Surkhurai

Apple tree is resistant to cold and temperature extremes, has good immunity. Raspberry fruits are famous for their excellent sweet and sour taste. Harvest ripens in the second half of August.

Hope

Autumn, frost-resistant variety. The fruits are yellow, but as they ripen, they become red in color. Apples are sweet and sour. Ripens in the first half of September.

Tolunay

A small tree is able to withstand pests and diseases with honor. At the same time, the plant can hardly tolerate temperature changes. Harvest ripens by the last days of August or early September. The fruits are pink, sweet and sour.

Cherished

Short tree with a spreading crown. Easily tolerates cold, resistant to disease. Harvest ripens by the end of September. Red apples, sweet, with strawberry flavor.

Ural bulk oil

Frost-resistant variety, adapts to any conditions. Harvests are plentiful, the fruits are sweet, with a slight sourness. Apples are so tasty and sweet that they are given to people suffering from stomach ulcers.

Souvenir of Altai

Apple suitable for planting in Western Siberia. Attractive medium-sized fruits ripen in September. Due to its modest size, the tree does not freeze. Apples are yellow, with red shading. The taste is sweet and sour. The pulp is grainy and very juicy. You can store the crop for 4 months.

Lungwort

Not afraid of frost, resistant to scab. The tree grows well in conditions of close occurrence of groundwater. Harvest ripens at the end of August. Fruits are stored no more than 4 weeks. The taste of the fruit is spicy, sweet, with a special aroma.

Bayana

Medium-sized tree is resistant to low temperatures and has strong immunity. Apples are yellow, decorated with a slight blush. As they ripen, sweet and sour fruits acquire a purple hue. The harvest is taken in early September.

Choosing the type of apple tree according to the characteristics of fruiting

Specialists divide varieties into 3 types:

Plants that produce crops every year.
Mixed type. This group often includes autumn species that produce crops with a long shelf life.
Trees that bear fruit only after a certain period. Most often, this feature is inherent in large-fruited varieties.

With annual fruiting

With good care, almost all young trees can produce apples every year. In addition, you can purchase seedlings with annual fruiting. These include Gorno altayskoe and Altai sweet.

Long shelf life

The harvest collected from these apple trees lies from 2 months to six months. These include autumn varieties such as Bayana or Cherished.

Large-fruited

In Siberia it is difficult to grow a tree with large fruits. With a big stretch, Melba or White filling can be considered as such. As a rule, apple trees bear fruit after a certain period of time.

Features of planting and care

You need to place the seedling in a sunny place, with a low level of groundwater. Every spring, it is necessary to make sanitary pruning of the plant, removing dry and broken branches.

What time to choose to land?

Planting young apple trees is better in the spring, after the soil has thawed. Otherwise, the seedling runs the risk of freezing.

What are the requirements for soil, fertilizer and watering?

Apple grows well on fertile loamy soils and categorically does not tolerate acidic soils. Water the tree twice a month, abundantly wetting the near-trunk circle with water. Feed the plant with organic fertilizer.

Nutrients are buried to a depth of 12-14 cm. If the tree grows in fertile soil, the apple tree is fed once every 2-3 years.

Winter care

Frost-resistant apple trees need protection from extreme low temperatures. Therefore, the trunks and roots of trees for the winter are insulated with spruce branches, rags or spunbond.