Treatment of cattle: diseases in veterinary medicine and a guide

Farmers pay a lot of attention to the care of pets. The productivity of the breed depends on nutrition, regimen and immunity. Diseases are dangerous for cows. It is important to know what ailments animals are susceptible to and take action in time. Some pathologies can disable an entire herd. The well-being of the entire livestock depends on the methods of treatment of cattle.

List of diseases in cattle and how to treat them

Cows are prone to various infections. In cattle, pathologies of the intestinal tract, blood, gynecological problems and other ailments are also observed. Some diseases lead to the death of cows.

Infectious diseases

A sick cow often infects the rest of the herd. A high risk of spread is characteristic of infectious diseases. A guide to veterinary medicine will be useful for farmers. The manual outlines ways to treat common ailments and preventive measures. One of the main symptoms of the disease is body temperature. With infections, it rises. Other signs:

1. The animal loses its appetite.
2. Cold ears.
3. Level of milk production drops sharply.
4. The eyes of a sick cow are dull and the nose is dry.
5. Cow hair becomes brittle and falls out.
6. There is a feverish state, the animal is trembling.

Such manifestations indicate the onset of the disease. The most common types are:

1. Brucellosis provokes problems with the joints, affects the genitals of the cow, bulls have inflammation of the testicles. Antibiotics are prescribed to fight bacteria. "Lexoflon" is given within 5 days.
2. Ringworm is also characterized by gray patches. The affected areas gradually increase in size. Sore spots are treated with a fungicidal solution. The vaccine is used as a preventive measure.
3. Chronic actinomycosis causes tumor formation. Purulent fistulas break through inside or from the outside of the body. Antibiotics, which cut off the seal, as well as injections of potassium iodide, help.

Diagnosis and treatment regimen are agreed with the veterinarian. Attempts to self-treat cattle can end sadly.

Udder diseases

Udder mastitis occurs in cows during lactation and causes severe discomfort. Antibiotics are used for treatment. But in case of early diagnosis, it is possible to use compresses based on medicinal infusions.

Other types of diseases:

The affected areas are smeared with iodine, abscesses are opened and treated with disinfectantsEdemaDecrease in milk production Udder injury

Illness	Manifestations	Treatment
Furunculosis	Abscesses form on the udder
	Reduce fresh grass and grains in diet
Bruising and decrease in milk dry	Make poultices, lubricate sore spots with Vaseline or antiseptics

Udder diseases are caused by injuries, poor care and poor milking technique. Prevention will be regular inspections of cattle and hygiene measures.

Parasitic

This group combines such diseases as piroplasmosis, cysticercosis, thelaziosis and others. Cows can get infected from other animals while walking, fleas, lice or ticks are dangerous.

General signs of disease:

1. The animal looks depressed.
2. Cows lose their appetite.
3. Frequent diarrhea.
4. Fast weight loss.
5. Cough occurs, pneumonia may develop.
6. Excessive accumulation of worms is fatal.

Anthelmintic drugs are prescribed for treatment. Dosage is best discussed with your veterinarian.

Skin problems

Cows often suffer from eczema, dermatitis, wood lice and other skin problems. Diseases affect the level of milk output, lead to weight loss and the appearance of aggression. As a preventive measure in veterinary medicine, regular examinations of cows by specialists are taken. But some symptoms are easily diagnosed by farmers themselves.

The appearance of rashes on the skin and fever indicate a problem. Small sores and redness are characteristic of dermatitis. Tetracycline ointment and washing of abscesses with streptocide helps.

Cattle often get eczema. It can be provoked by dietary errors, chronic diseases or reactions to medications. If the formation of abscesses was affected by a tight collar or ticks, it is enough to eliminate the source of irritation.In other cases, the help of a veterinarian is indispensable.

The doctor is also called to examine the severe swelling at the site of the wound. An abscess requires surgery. Independent attempts to cope with inflammation are more likely to end in the deterioration of the animal's condition, rather than recovery.

Blood diseases

One of the most dangerous diseases affecting cattle is leukemia. The infection affects the hematopoietic system. Initially, the disease is not diagnosed. Symptoms appear at the final stage of the disease:

1. The main sign is an increase in lymph nodes.
2. Reduced milk flow.
3. Severe exhaustion.

The disease leads to the death of the animal. A vaccine has not yet been developed. When the diagnosis is confirmed in one individual, the entire population of cattle is checked for leukemia. Dangerous for cows and piroplasmosis, which is transmitted through tick bites. Signs of pathology:

1. The animal stops eating.
2. Thermoregulation of the body is disturbed.
3. Movement difficult.
4. Heavy heart rate.

It is important to make a diagnosis in time. At an early stage, the disease is guaranteed to be treatable. Infected cows are being isolated and given injections, maintenance drugs and chemotherapy.

Gastrointestinal diseases

Improper nutrition leads to digestive upset. Such diseases are classified as non-contagious. The disease does not spread to the rest of the livestock, but can lead to the death of the cow. Measures to save the animal are taken at the first suspicion of danger.

Reticulitis and pericarditis

Illness occurs when a cow swallows sharp objects. A needle or a piece of wire in the first case injures the esophagus. But sometimes they lead to damage to the tissue of the heart membrane.

Main symptoms:

FeverPoor muscle toneLack and careful movementsThe cow adopts unnatural postures, spreading her forelimbs wide and bringing her hindquarters together

Signs of reticulitis	Pericarditis
Decreased appetite, sometimes complete refusal of food, constipation	Pulse rises to 120 beats per minute

In traumatic reticulitis, a foreign body is removed using a magnetic probe. In severe cases resort to surgical intervention. If peritonitis is suspected, antibiotics, ichthyol or magnesium sulfate are used. If the heart is hurt, the bull or cow is sent to slaughter.

Tempania of the scar

Excessive consumption of fermenting foods leads to increased gas production. When tympania, the scar begins to put pressure on the diaphragm, which causes oxygen starvation.

If the animal is not helped, the disease will lead to death. The cow is being massaged and given products that help to remove gases.

Esophagus blockage

An unpleasant phenomenon occurs when feeding cattle with large pieces of solid food. Sometimes a blockage is caused by foreign bodies that provoke swelling of the internal organs and stop the stomach. The vegetable oil will lighten the condition, which will help push the stuck object. If the cow does not swallow on her own, they resort to using a probe.

Viruses

Viral diseases cause serious consequences. Untimely assistance can lead to loss of livestock.

Viral diarrhea

Some viruses cause intestinal inflammation. Microorganisms live at high temperatures, retain the ability to reproduce for 3 years.

Manifestations of disease:

1. Failures of thermoregulation processes.
2. High heart rate.
3. Severe cough.
4. Diarrhea with bleeding.
5. Appearance of ulcers in the mouth and purulent discharge from the nasopharynx.

The disease is especially dangerous for young animals. A fragile body can not cope with the virus. Mortality among calves sometimes reaches 90%. The blood serum of recovered animals is used as a vaccine.

Lumpy Dermatitis

A relatively new disease. The first case of pathology was registered in 2015. The virus tolerates freezing, and at 4 degrees above zero it persists for up to six months.

The strain, when ingested, causes in cattle:

1. Appearance of ulcers on the eyelids and loss of vision.
2. Skin rashes.
3. Loss of appetite and weight loss.
4. Nasal discharge, profuse saliva production.
5. Increased body temperature.

Vaccination reduces the risk of infection.

Other

Among other ailments of cattle, hoof diseases are distinguished. Pathology does not lead to the death of the livestock, but it affects the productivity of the herd.

Common problems:

1. Infection that enters the wound with bruises causes inflammation of the tissues - corolla phlegmon. As an ambulance for injury, compresses and washing of the affected organ are used.
2. Unsanitary conditions for cattle provoke laminitis - accumulation of fluid in the hoof area. The sore spot is cut off. The cow is moved to a clean stall.
3. Red bumps that appear on the limbs are called strawberry disease. To improve the condition of the animal, it is enough to review the diet and strengthen hygiene measures.

Attention and timely treatment require any injuries that the livestock receives.

What diseases are dangerous for people

A number of diseases are harmful not only to cattle, but also threaten people's lives. Mortal danger is:

1. Rabies causes cows to become aggressive, exhausted and convulsive. The infection is spreading rapidly. There are no treatments. When the diagnosis is confirmed, the animal is killed and the carcass is burned.
2. FMD is characterized by the appearance of aphthous foci. If the disease proceeds in a benign form, the animal recovers after 2 weeks.Serum is used for treatment, the affected areas are treated with antiseptics and synthomycin ointment. Malignant tumors lead to the death of cows.
3. With anthrax, fever sets in, the mucous membranes become bluish. The disease leads to intoxication of the body, the appearance of carbuncles and then to the death of animals. To prevent infection of the herd, quarantine is introduced, the premises are disinfected, the corpses are destroyed.

To reduce the risk of a serious problem, good hygiene practices and regular veterinary examinations of cattle are essential. It is important for farmers to know the signs of common pathologies. Timely measures taken often lead to the recovery of the animal. Early detection of incurable diseases will save the rest of the population.

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