Cow farm: how to build your own hands, business plan, project and layout

Farms for breeding cows are popular today. This is a profitable event, however, before starting construction, you need to carefully consider the smallest details of construction, find out the requirements for the barn, and draw up a project. A well-organized farm will increase the productivity of animals and allow the owner to run a business.

Cow Breeding Business Plan

Tethered cows

For a full-fledged farming, you need to take into account a number of issues that relate to finance and organizational issues. Drawing up a business plan will help to clearly structure the construction. Planning should include:

• method of funding;
• buying a plot of land for a farm and the required livestock;
• materials, equipment and communications connections;
• expenses for utilities or rent;
• staff wages;
• food, vitamin supplements, veterinary drugs;
• taxes;
• design and planning costs;
• payback period;
• projected net income.

Animal exercise

If you plan to build a large farm, then you need to include the cost of advertising and equipping outlets in this list.

Benefits and Benefits

With a desire and a well-designed plan, you can create your own cattle breeding business. Many start with mini-farms for 5-10 animals. However, given how quickly the costs are paid back, budding farmers are expanding the business.

Automatic cow milking

It is known that both meat and dairy products are in demand. No family can live without meat and milk. Wanting to produce and sell an exceptionally high-quality product, even a novice farmer quickly finds regular customers. Therefore, building a farm often becomes a successful business.

Where to get capital

Starting capital is needed to build a cattle farm. It often happens that there is not enough money to create a full-fledged farm. In this case, you need to think about where you can get additional funds.

Automatic brushes

Starting construction, you need to find out about possible subsidies from the state. Recently, the government has been providing comprehensive support to farmers.

In addition, you can take a loan from a bank or attract investors from outside.However, it is not easy to receive funds, so it is important to prepare in advance. In addition to drawing up a competent business plan, you need to find an opportunity to organize a presentation, convince creditors of the quick payback of the future enterprise. It is also necessary to interest partners in an environmentally friendly product.

A bank loan can be obtained for a period of 5 years. For the amount received, a novice entrepreneur will be able to purchase equipment, machinery, building materials, livestock. It is possible to receive a subsidy for the creation of a farm in the amount of up to 3 million rubles, as well as for improving the living conditions of the owner (up to 250 thousand rubles).

Determination of direction

Milking machines for the dairy industry

A modern farm for cows can have two main directions - meat or dairy. Each has its own specifics. The main thing that is required for a dairy farm is a large room for the milking procedure.It should be borne in mind that the requirements for construction and arrangement are strict and regulated by standards. In addition, special equipment will be required for the collection and further transportation of the received products.

Meat direction is considered less expensive. The main task of the farmer is to competently approach the choice of heifers or bulls for further fattening. The meat farm does not require additional premises or special equipment. If the owner has a priority in making a quick profit, then the construction of a meat farm is recommended.

Profitability

Profitability should be calculated based on the direction of the farm. If the farm is meat, then you can pre-calculate the fattening period and slaughter time. The meat breed peaks at 16 months. Not earlier than six months or a year later, you can start slaughtering (the exact time depends on the age of the animal upon purchase). About 50% of live weight is spent on sale. To this you can add up to 15% of the weight of the internal organs (offal).Next, you need to find out the average price of a kilogram of beef on the market and multiply by the weight of meat after slaughter.

Dairy shop

As for the profit from the dairy farm, it must be taken into account that the cow will start milking in about 1.5-2 years. Therefore, it is important to choose animals according to age. Next, you need to take into account that from one cow, on average, you can get up to 15 liters of milk daily and sell it wholesale or retail (prices differ by more than 2 times). This way you can roughly calculate how much income to expect from a cow per day.

Thus, the dairy direction is considered the most profitable in terms of payback. However, milk is a perishable product, so it is important to establish uninterrupted distribution channels.

How to build a cattle farm

The decision to start building a farm must be balanced. At the very beginning, you will need to solve a number of questions:

• select a site and obtain a building permit;
• buy the necessary materials and tools for construction;
• hire a construction team;
• recruit livestock care staff.

Before you get permission to build a farm, you need to collect the necessary package of documents, it should include a plan of the architectural structure.

Choosing a seat

The location of the future farm plays an important role. The farm should be located at a distance of at least 300 m from residential buildings. It is advisable to foresee the possibility of providing the household with water supply.

There must be pasture on the plot

Another nuance is the occurrence of groundwater. To avoid high water or torrential flooding, their level should be 5-6 m from the ground.It is extremely important to choose a plot with meadows for pasture. This will allow the herd to perform daily exercise, which increases productivity and positively affects the he alth of the animals. If there is a forest or a grove nearby, then the livestock will be reliably protected from strong winds.

Preparing for construction

At an early stage of building a room with your own hands, you need to decide on the number of livestock, the size of the room, the way the herd is kept, the direction of the farm, and the climatic features of the area. Based on this, you need to choose the type of barn and the type of construction.

Needed materials and tools

Tools must be purchased:

• hammer, pickaxe;
• roulettes;
• stapler and construction knife;
• concrete mixer;
• shovel;
• electric drill;
• hacksaw;
• chisel;
• electric saw.

Tools are stored in a dry place, so it is advisable to build a shed.

Interior design

As for materials, it must be understood that animals will be kept in the barn all year round, so the building must be capital.

Traditional materials often used for farm construction include:

• brick or blocks;
• tree;
• different types of metal structures;
• sandwich panels.

The material should reliably protect against heat, but at the same time keep warm in winter.

Calculation of sizes

Calculation of sizes

There are established standards for breeding cattle. Based on them, one cow should account for 5-6 m^{2. This must be taken into account both when building a mini-farm, and when building a large farm for 100 or more heads, spending minimal resources.}

It is necessary to plan the number of heads at the stage of drawing up a business plan. The size of the future building depends on this. The layout is important, which will largely depend on the direction of the farm.

You can handle the construction of a barn for 20 or less heads on your own. Construction for 30 or more heads of cattle must be carried out with the help of a team.

Farm Equipment

Cowshed setup

After completing the main stages of construction, you need to start equipping the barn. For a dairy farm, a milking parlor, a room for storing products, a separate room for calves are needed. It is necessary to think in advance of floors with a slight slope and a chute for collecting waste. You will need a ventilation system, heating for regions with a harsh climate, lighting, milking machines, as well as automatic water and feed supply.

Farm equipment

The following equipment is required:

• drinkers and feeders;
• litters;
• combs and brushes;
• headlocks.

Every farm should have a stun gun to quickly calm the animal if necessary. If the farm is large, then it makes sense to include automated devices in the project.

Pasture for walking

One of the conditions for increasing productivity is daily exercise. The owner needs to equip the area for walking. It is important that the cows are able to consume green fodder during the walk.

The site should be securely fenced off. Place containers with fresh water on the territory. Care should be taken to build a canopy to protect the animals from the sun and rain.

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