Rodenticides: what are these products and their varieties, instructions for use

The use of rodenticides in agriculture is considered very important. Such funds help to avoid the appearance and spread of rodents, which cause serious damage to plantings of cultivated plants. These drugs are chemical elements that are used to eliminate rodents. They are distinguished by convenient formulations, but the main disadvantage of such drugs is a high degree of toxicity.

What are rodenticides

These drugs were developed to control rodents. With their help, it is possible to reduce the number of mice, rats, voles. Such substances are highly effective.

History of Appearance

Initially, mechanical means and biological preparations were used to control rodents. However, such activities were not suitable for rodent control in the field or in large storage facilities.

To protect crops from parasites, people used all sorts of toxic agents. One of the first remedies was arsenic. However, later its use had to be abandoned. This has been associated with negative effects on humans and pets. Subsequently, other arsenic-based products began to be used, in particular, arsenite and calcium arsenate.

At the beginning of the 20th century, gas fighting methods began to be used. In 1917, asphyxiating gases were used for the first time. At the next stage, they began to use ratsid, zinc phosphide, glyfluoro. These funds served as food baits. Then, in the middle of the 20th century, anticoagulants began to be used to protect plants. They are considered the most effective rodenticides to this day.

Varieties

Such funds may have the following varieties:

1. Acute action - lead to instant death of rodents. This happens in half an hour or a day. Such products contain potent components - zinc phosphide, arsenic, strychnine.
2. Chronic exposure - this group includes anticoagulants. When eating the drug in the body of a rodent, toxic substances gradually accumulate. When the critical volume is reached, the rodents die. At the same time, the rest of the animals continue to eat the bait.

Method of penetration and mechanism of action of the agent

Rodenticides have an intestinal effect on rodents. This means that they act through the digestive organs. These medications contain anticoagulants. These elements accumulate in the body of the rodent.As a result, they gradually reduce blood clotting and increase vascular permeability.

The animal dies due to multiple internal hemorrhages. Since the rodent does not feel a sudden deterioration in well-being, he has no fear of the bait. He eats it again, causing the poison to build up.

Instructions for using the drug

The use of rodenticides can vary. These substances are divided into bait and non-bait substances.

Bait trick

In this case, baits are used that are eaten by rodents. Such substances have the following varieties:

1. Powdered - they contain blood anticoagulants, which have an indirect effect in combination with flour, sugar and oatmeal. Such tools are highly effective. They are especially effective against rats.
2. Cereals - contains whole or crushed cereals.
3. Waxed - in this case, a mixture of grains in paraffin is used. Sugar and vegetable oil are also added to the composition. These substances are often used in high humidity conditions.
4. Granular - are shaped cereal mixtures.
5. Doughy - consist of flour, sugar, vegetable oil. Moreover, the mixture has the consistency of dough. For granivorous animals, this bait is the most attractive.
6. Wet - they are a poison that has a sharp effect and is combined with bread or cereal crumbs, as well as minced meat and fish. Such funds are often used for poor eating of dry compounds.
7. Liquid - are a solution of sugar with a concentration of 5-10%. Milk, water, beer or other suitable liquid is used as the base. A concentrated anticoagulant is applied on top, which is mixed with vegetable oil.Also, the composition may contain water-soluble toxic agents.

Baitless move

In this case, areas of accumulation of rodents - burrows or passages - are treated with poison. The substance enters the body during eating or washing. It is important to use products that do not pose a danger to people and pets. Many formulations are slow acting. Therefore, rodents can carry them far beyond the processing area.

Rodenticides can come in many forms:

1. Dusty - made from 1-2 generation anticoagulants. They include powder fillers. These include starch or flour. Thanks to these components, the poison sticks to the integument of pests. Talc and silica gel stick the most to the skin and coat.
2. Pastes - they are made from means of acute action. First of all, α-naphthylthiourea is used for this. The poison is combined with an adhesive base. It can be margarine, petroleum jelly, grease. Pastes are highly effective against resistant rodent populations.
3. Foams - they contain warfarin and difacinone in combination with shaping agents. Such preparations adhere well. However, their action does not exceed 2 weeks. Therefore, substances cannot be used for long-term processing.

Safety rules

When applying rodenticides, the following rules should be observed:

1. Study the instructions for using the product.
2. Use compounds only in the absence of allergies. Do not use drugs for pregnant and lactating women.
3. Before laying out or preparing baits, wear a protective suit, shoes, gloves.
4. Special goggles are suitable for eye protection. To avoid getting toxic substances into the respiratory system, you should wear a respirator or mask.
5. After contact with chemicals, gloves should be washed in a soda solution. The same applies to shoes, glasses and a respirator.
6. Take off clothes, shake well and dry. Then fold for storage in a box.
7. Do not eat, drink or smoke during treatment.
8. Do not use on skin lesions.

How do animals and people work?

Many substances in this category are considered highly toxic to humans and animals. Therefore, when using them, it is important to follow all precautions. At the same time, there are also low-risk means. Baits with anticoagulant substances can be used for treatment of residential premises, medical, food, children's institutions.

In case of poisoning with rodenticide, it is recommended to consult a doctor immediately. Prior to this, the following measures must be taken:

1. Avoid contact with the poisonous agent and ensure the mechanical removal of toxic substances from the body. If intoxication is associated with harmful fumes, the person must be taken to fresh air. If toxic substances enter the stomach, it must be immediately washed out.
2. Use sorbents. After gastric lavage, the patient should be given activated charcoal. For 10 kilograms of weight, it is worth using 1 tablet of the substance. It is also necessary to use a fast-acting laxative. This will help bind and cleanse the body of poison.
3. Use specific antidotes. They need to be introduced at the stage of medical care. In case of poisoning with anticoagulants, vitamin K should be used.

Rodenticides are effective treatments for dangerous rodents. In order for the use of such substances to be effective, it is recommended to strictly follow the instructions. Safety is essential.

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