Neonicotinoids: composition and list of drugs, instructions for use

Neonicotinoids are neurotoxins that have a wide range of uses and are actively used to combat harmful insects. All drugs from this group are characterized by economical consumption and high efficiency. However, they are ambiguously evaluated by researchers. The main advantage of the compositions is considered to be fast action. At the same time, they also have a minus, which manifests itself in high toxicity to bees.

Composition and formulation

Preparations contain synthetic substances - nicotinoids, which affect the nervous system of parasites and bind to the receptors of nerve cells. Today, 4 of the most popular products that are part of the preparations are on sale:

• imidacloprid;
• acetamiprid;
• thiamethoxam;
• thiacloprid.

It is important to consider that all these products are very dangerous for animals. In case of accidental ingestion, there is a risk of convulsions, severe diarrhea, tremors and respiratory problems.

The forms of release of such drugs are different. Most often, the formulations are produced in the form of a suspension concentrate, which is used for the subsequent preparation of a working solution.

Modern neonicotinoids appeared in Russia in 1999. By 2004, the list of approved formulations included 11 formulations. Today there are 2 main groups of neonicotinoids:

• nitrosose-containing substances - dinotefuran, imidacloprid;
• cyano-containing drugs - thiacloprid, acetamiprid.

Effective substances that fall under the category of neonicotinoids include:

• Mospilan;
• "Confidor";
• Biotlin;
• "Calypso";
• Viscay.

Action on pests

Neonicotinoids are neurotoxic poisons. They are agonists of nicotine acetylcholine receptors and cause suppression of the activity of acetylcholinesterase of the postsynaptic membrane. Such compounds prolong the opening of sodium channels. This provokes a blocking of the transmission of nerve impulses in insects, which leads to their death from paralysis.

The main advantages of this category of drugs include the following:

• long-term effect after crop treatment;
• systemic and translaminar activity;
• reliable protection of sprouts of cultivated plants from parasites that live in the soil structure;
• low dependence on the weather.

The key benefit of neonicotinoids is considered to be a long-lasting effect. They act throughout the entire period of the resettlement of overwintered beetles, the laying of eggs by females, and the development of larvae. As a result, this helps to eradicate populations of Colorado potato beetles in potato beds, get rid of bedbugs, and destroy the larvae of harmful insects.

Another important advantage of such funds is the systemic effect. This means that they can enter all structures of plants without causing problems in their life. In this case, the culture becomes poisonous to most parasites.

Solutions can be poured into the soil under the plants, and not processed from above. When using the spraying method, the jet must be at high pressure. At the same time, it should be converted into small drops or mist. Thanks to this, the insecticidal agent will more easily enter the sap flow system.

Appointment of funds

In agriculture, neonicotinoids are used as systemic insecticides to control leaf-eating and sucking parasites. Preparations help to destroy such pests:

• aphid;
• thrips;
• Colorado beetles;
• leafhoppers;
• whiteflies;
• rice weevils.

In addition, products that belong to the category of neonicotinoids successfully cope with soil pests. These include click beetles, beetroot crumbs and other parasites.

Drug technique

Because drugs have toxic properties, protective equipment is required when using them. These include overalls, rubber gloves, a respirator, a headgear. It is forbidden to use compounds near apiaries. Also, do not spray such products around pets.

Processing of plants is required to be done early in the morning or in the evening. It is strictly forbidden to carry out spraying in sunny weather. Under the influence of ultraviolet light, most of the solution evaporates from the surface of the plants. Do not spray in windy weather or before precipitation.

Dissolve and mix the drug with water is required in the sprayer tank. When carrying out manipulations, it is forbidden to eat, drink or smoke.

After processing, it is recommended to soak protective clothing in warm soapy water. Then it needs to be washed and rinsed. Wash your face and hands with soap and rinse your mouth with water.The sprayer also needs to be rinsed several times. It is important to bear in mind that the remaining water is strictly prohibited to be poured into open water bodies. It is forbidden to graze cattle or walk pets near the treated areas.

Compatibility with other substances

These products are combined with many fungicides or insecticides. However, combining them is not recommended as the unique safety effect for beneficial insects is lost.

Storage conditions and expiration date

Usually, drugs from the category of neonicotinoids are recommended to be stored in their original packaging. This must be done at a temperature of 0 … +25 degrees. The average shelf life is 2 years.

What can replace

Effective analogues of such funds include insecticides from the following categories:

• chitin synthesis inhibitors;
• avermectins;
• carbamates;
• neurotoxins;
• pyrethroids;
• phenylpyrazoles;
• juvenoids.

Neonicotinoids are effective remedies that cope with harmful insects. In order for the drugs to give the desired effect, it is important to strictly follow the instructions for their use. It is important to consider that such substances have toxic properties. Therefore, when using them, you should adhere to safety rules.

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