Quince: varieties and types, description and characteristics of the best
Quince can be a fruit and ornamental plant. Quince, from which the fruits are harvested, is grown in the form of a tree, ornamental quince, such as the Clementine variety, is grown in the form of a shrub. Decorative can also bear fruit, but is attractive, first of all, for its flowering. Consider the classification of crop varieties and the best garden varieties that can be grown on personal plots.
Classification of varieties
Quince is the only species of the genus that belongs to the Rosaceae family. A fruit crop grown in temperate and warm climates in private and industrial gardens.
Common quince
The height of the tree is 1.5-5 m, the crown is often broadly oval. Old branches and trunk are dark gray with a reddish tinge, young shoots are pubescent, gray in color. The leaves are green, with a grayish tint, pubescent, rounded. The flowers are large, pinkish-white, the tree blooms late - in late spring, ripens in autumn. Common quince begins to bear fruit from 3-4 years old, lives up to 50-60 years. Fruits - pear-shaped, large, yellow, pubescent. There is little juice in them, the pulp is dense, the taste is sweetish, tart, strong aroma.
Decorative quince
This variety is called chaenomeles. It comes from Asia, the plant is thermophilic, therefore it is suitable only for regions with a temperate climate. When grown as a tree, it reaches a height of up to 3 m, in the form of a shrub - 1-2 m. The main advantage of ornamental varieties is lush and long flowering.The plant blooms with large pink-orange or white flowers. The leaves are apple-like, green when young, turning dark brown in some varieties.
Spherical fruits, up to 4 cm in diameter, ripen in late autumn. The color is deep yellow. Quince decorative edible, but harsh.
Garden quince
The group of garden varieties includes about 40 varieties that can be grown in Russia. Varieties differ in characteristics - cold resistance, disease resistance, yield, duration of storage of fruits, their size and taste properties. The main criteria by which garden quince is classified are crown shape, ripening period, habit.
Pear quince
Pear-shaped quince is divided into varieties by maturity into early, mid-ripening and late, according to the shape of the fruit - into pear-shaped and apple-shaped.The first give sweet and juicy fruits, the second are considered more early. According to the shape of the crown, varieties are divided into pyramidal, spherical and wide pyramidal. By habitus, the group is divided into low-growing, medium- and strong-growing varieties.
Best varieties
Quince varieties for household plots have been bred a lot, some of them are especially popular. The variety Rossoshanskaya apple-shaped comes from the Voronezh region, the average ripening period, the degree of cold resistance and average yield. Fruits weighing 250-300 g, with yellowish fragrant dense pulp. Used for jam and preserves.
The Donetskskaya variety ripens in autumn, it is characterized by cold resistance, medium resistance to diseases and pests. Advantages: productivity and self-fertility. It is grown in a bushy form, fruits for technical purposes, 100-150 g, medium keeping quality. The skin and pulp are yellow, sweet and sour, tart.
Krupnoplodnaya variety recommended for temperate climates. It grows well in open areas in chernozem and sandy soils, the demands for watering are moderate. It blooms with pink flowers in March-April. Tree height - 2-3 m, large yellow fruits. Used for jam and compote.
Variety Golden early ripening, blooms in March-April, ripens in autumn. Plant height - 2-4 m, easy to care for. It is recommended to plant on the bright side of the garden, in sandy or black earth soil. The fruits are intended for processing into jam and canning in the form of compote.
Variety Moscow Susova is zoned for the central regions. The tree is medium-sized, the fruits are small, about 50 g each, rounded, almost hairless. The pulp and skin are yellow, dense, fragrant, not juicy. The taste is sweet-sour, medium-tart.The fruits are suitable for processing into jam, marmalade, jelly, for making wine and compotes. Moscow Susova is cold-resistant, resistant to infections, the variety is self-fertile and productive, adapts well to different growing conditions.
There are several hundred varieties of fruit and ornamental quince. Many of them grow well in suburban areas. The culture is recommended to be grown in the central and southern regions of Russia. The fruits are mainly intended for winter harvesting.
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