Fish species: list and description of 48 species, their names and characteristics
Fish is one of the most common animal species on the planet. They live in the seas, oceans, rivers, lakes and other aquatic biomes. There are a huge number of fish species, and each of them has its own characteristics in behavior, diet and anatomy. Some fish are used as food, others are used for fishing and sport fishing.
Omul
Omul are 60-65 cm in size and weigh up to 2.5-3.2 kg. A migratory species that finds its home in the rivers and lakes of Siberia. It feeds on crustaceans and fish fry, thrives in s alty water environments, and usually feeds fat in coastal marine areas.For breeding, he goes to the rivers flowing into Lake Baikal. Its life expectancy can reach two decades. Refers to salmon.
Pike
Pike, a predatory fish belonging to the genus and family of the same name, can reach up to 1.7 meters in length and 30-36 kilograms in weight. This species is especially numerous in the basin of the Yenisei River, as well as rivers flowing into the bay of the same name. It has an arrow-shaped body with a large head and a long front, and its shade changes depending on the environment. This species of fish is known to live up to fifteen years.
Chehon
The size and weight of the fish can reach 55-65 cm and 2.3 kg respectively. It belongs to one species, the genus is Pelecus, and the family is Carp. This fish is omnivorous, that is, it consumes both plant and animal food.During the daytime, it tends to stay closer to the surface of the water, while at night it lives in the deeper parts of the reservoir. With a decrease in temperature in winter, this fish hibernates. It can be found in abundance in the Middle and Lower Volga. Its life expectancy can be 8-14 years depending on the habitat (i.e. in the wild or in an artificial reservoir).
River eel
Size and weight of fish: males can reach a maximum of 55 cm, and females up to 1.2 m; accordingly, their weight is usually 3.3-7.5 kg, maximum - 13.1 kg. Belonging to the genus Anguilla Schrank and the eel family, these predatory fish have a snake-like appearance with a long, flattened body and a small head with tiny teeth. Coloration varies, but is generally green-brown, with the back being darker than the rest of the body. For shelter, they prefer quiet waters, as well as places such as burrows, snags or bushes.On average, they can live from 8 to 16 years before spawning, which requires them to stop feeding and causes their intestines to decrease in size during this period of time.
Silver carp
Representatives of the genus Hypophthalmichthys of the carp family can grow up to 1.2 meters and weigh up to 53 kilograms. They tend to form large groups and are commonly found in the Amur River, feeding mainly on plankton and algae. Ideal for improving water quality. Feels good in warm waters without strong currents, and his life expectancy is about 18 years.
River piranha
The genus Pygocentrus, from the Serrasalmidae family, can grow up to 55 cm and weigh 3.8-4.2 kg. It has a laterally compressed body with strong jaws and sharp teeth, making it one of the most voracious predatory fish.She usually lives in large groups in the rivers of South America and belongs to the group of cyprinids. Its color is silver-blue, which darkens with age; males and females have different shades. Its life expectancy can reach one decade.
Sterlet
Acipenser belonging to the sturgeon family is a species of fish with an average length of 120-130 cm and a weight of 15-17 kg. It has a triangular body and a curving tail fin. Its diet consists mainly of mollusks, crustaceans, larvae and other small creatures. This species is widely distributed in the river basins of Siberia, as well as in European water bodies. It is listed in the Red Book due to the threat of extinction. Acipenser prefers fast currents and can live up to 28 years.
River ram
This representative of the carp family can grow up to 33-36 cm in length and weigh up to 2.2 kg.Its diet consists of both vegetable and animal components such as algae, larvae and small crustaceans. It prefers slow currents and habitats such as tributaries or deep sea pits. It is found in rivers connected to the basins of the Black and Azov Seas, its life expectancy reaches two decades.
Pink salmon
Representatives of the genus Oncorhynchus Suckley (Pacific salmon) can reach up to 77 cm in length and 5.6 kg in weight. Their diet consists of crustaceans, larvae, fry and small fish.
Pumpkin salmon meat is a delicacy and is a popular dish in many countries. Pink salmon is distinguished by its tender and soft meat, which has a pleasant taste and aroma. Pink salmon meat contains a lot of protein and a small amount of fat, which makes it a he althy and dietary product.
One of the features of meat is its red color, which is associated with the content of a natural dye in it - carotene.The red color of the meat can be especially bright during the spawning season, when pink salmon saturates its meat with additional nutrients to ensure future offspring.
They are found off the coast of Alaska, Kamchatka, Anadyr, the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin, spending only one season at sea before returning to the rivers to spawn. The life span of this species is 1.6-2.2 years.
Pike perch
The genus Stizostedion, part of the perch family, is a predatory fish of significant size that can reach a meter in length and weigh up to 12-16 kilograms. Its natural habitat extends from the Danube and Elba rivers to the Urals and from Karelia to the Transcaucasus. This species can live up to 15 years in water bodies. These are rivers and lakes located in the basins of the B altic, Black, Caspian and Aral Seas.
Carp (common carp)
Cyprinus species (cyprinids) from the family of the same name. It can reach one meter in length and weigh up to two tens of kilograms. This fish feeds on both plant and animal components and is found in the waters of the Azov, Black, Caspian and Aral Seas, as well as in Central Asia, Central and Western Siberia and Kamchatka. Unfortunately, this species is listed in the Red Book due to the risk of extinction. Life expectancy is 31-36 years.
Burbot
The maximum length and weight of this species (genus Lota, or burbot) is 125 cm and 19 kg, respectively. It feeds on invertebrates, small fish, including dead ones. It is found in rivers throughout Siberia, Europe and the North American continent. It prefers to stay in cold waters and breeds during the winter season. Its habitat consists of clear water with rocky or sandy bottoms.The lifespan of this species is between 13 and 26 years.
Vobla
The maximum size and weight of this species is 37 cm and 0.9-1 kg, respectively, belongs to the genus roach, family of cyprinids. It feeds on molluscs and other invertebrates found in the vast rivers of the Caspian Sea basin, such as the Volga. It usually breeds five to six times in its life, while hibernating in a stationary state in winter, without consuming any food. Its life expectancy is approximately ten years.
Common catfish
The maximum size of this type of fish is five meters, and the maximum weight is four hundred kilograms, as reported in historical records. It belongs to the genus and family of catfish and earns its livelihood in the form of dead fish, crustaceans, aquatic insects and juvenile fish.This predator is most active at night, but it can be found resting in snags or on the bottom during daylight hours. It lives in the rivers and lakes of the European region of Russia, as well as in other parts of Europe. His life expectancy reaches forty years.
Ide
A fish of the genus Leuciscus from the carp family can reach up to 90 cm in length and 6-8 kg of weight. This omnivorous species feeds mainly at dusk and at night on a combination of animal and plant matter. It is widely distributed in Europe, Siberia, some rivers of the Black Sea and the northern regions of the Caspian Sea. This species usually survives for 14-22 years.
Rotan
The fish of the Goloveshkovy family, of the same genus, is a predator, the size of which is 15-26 cm, and the weight can reach 0.4 kg. It feeds on small crabs and shrimp and is found in northwest Sakhalin Island, Korea, and northeast China.This species is notable for its ability to survive at low temperatures at the bottom of the reservoir, as well as with partial drying and pollution. His life expectancy is seven years.
Bream
The size and weight of the fish can reach 85 cm and 7 kg respectively. It is a member of the genus Abramis (bream) in the Cyprinidae family. Their diet consists mainly of snails, insect larvae and occasionally algae. They live in groups and prefer habitats that are deep and overgrown with vegetation. These fish live in the Black Sea waters, as well as in lakes and the European region of Russia. The lifespan of these fish can be up to 24 years.
Roach
The genus Rutilus has a size and weight in the range of 10-70 cm and up to 3 kg, respectively. Its diet consists mainly of krill, water bugs and algae.
Roach spawning occurs in the spring - usually from April to June, depending on the region and climate. One female lays eggs, and several males fertilize her eggs. This usually occurs at a depth of up to 1 meter. An average female roach can lay up to 30,000 eggs in one spawning. Caviar has a diameter of 0.8 to 1.2 mm and first sticks to the vegetation, and then settles to the bottom.
It is found in abundance in Europe, as well as in the Aral and Caspian Seas, along with the waters of Siberia. This species tends to congregate in low current areas, hiding behind objects such as driftwood. A roach can live up to 22 years.
Salmon (Atlantic salmon)
This fish (genus Salmo and family Salmonidae) can reach a length of 1.6 meters and weigh up to 44 kilograms. It feeds on plankton, krill, larvae and small fish. It occurs over a wide area, including waters in the north Atlantic, Karelia and the B altic Sea.The species is planned to be listed in the Red Book as endangered. His life expectancy is up to thirteen years.
Goldfish
The genus Carassius, belonging to the carp family, is a species of fish that can reach 35 cm in length and 1.6 kg in weight. She is quite tenacious and tolerates difficult conditions well. It feeds on fry, aquatic vegetation and chickweeds. Its habitat extends from Europe to Far East Asia, Siberia, the USA and a number of other European and Asian countries. Life expectancy is approximately 10 to 16 years.
Gilver carp
The genus Carassius belonging to the carp family; has a maximum length of 45 cm and a weight of up to 2.9-3.2 kg. Its body is narrower than that of the golden "relative" , and the scales are larger and look brighter in the light. This species feeds on fry, shrimps and aquatic vegetation.
Prussian carp lay their eggs in shallow and warm reservoirs with a sandy or gravel bottom, where there is enough algae and vegetation to cover the eggs. Spawning begins in March-April, when the water warms up to 8-10 degrees. At this time, fish gather in large flocks near the shore, where the spawning process itself takes place. The female lays from 10 to 100 thousand eggs. The male then fertilizes the eggs, after which they remain attached to the vegetation at the bottom of the pond.
It can be found in the Amur River basin, in European reservoirs, as well as in some parts of the North American continent, in India. He lives from 9 to 13 years old.
Gudgeon
These fish, belonging to the carp family, reach a maximum of 13-25 cm in length and 0.1-0.4 kg in weight. They feed on larvae, worms and krill, picking up debris from the bottom rather than hunting for prey.Unfortunately, it is a frequent prey for larger predatory fish. Usually found in groups at the bottom of water bodies, exist throughout Europe, can live up to ten years.
Sturgeon
According to the characteristics, the length and weight of the fish can reach 5 meters and 700-900 kg, respectively. Genus Acipenser, from the sturgeon family; an omnivore that feeds on plankton, algae and small fish.
Sturgeon meat is a high-class delicacy, it has a delicate and mild taste, and also has a special aroma that cannot be compared with any other type of fish. However, it should be noted that the taste of sturgeon meat may depend on the age and size of the fish. Young sturgeons have more tender meat with less fat, while older sturgeons have a richer taste and fatter meat.
He lives in the Azov and Black Sea and Far Eastern waters, having no natural predators other than humans. This type of fish usually lives between 38 and 63 years, but some individuals can live up to a hundred years, making them one of the longest living fish species.
River perch
The size and weight of the fish can reach 52 cm and 2.3 kg, belongs to the genus Perca (freshwater perch) of the perch family. This is a predatory fish that feeds on zooplankton and young fish. It is widespread in Europe, northern regions of Asia, including the basin of the Kolyma River and the waters of the Aral Sea. It prefers rivers without rapids, but can sometimes be found in lakes high in the mountains, with a maximum lifespan of 22 years.
Rudd
The maximum length and weight of Scardinius (rudd), a species of cyprinids, is 50 cm and 2.2 kg respectively. This is an omnivorous species that feeds on various plankton, aquatic vegetation, fry, and worms. She lives in groups in the waters of the Azov, Aral and North Seas and is able to live up to nineteen years.
White Cupid
Measuring 1.1-1.6 meters and a maximum of 44 kilograms, this fish from the genus Ctenopharyngodon belongs to the carp family. Its diet consists mainly of plant matter, although krill is occasionally consumed. A representative of this breed can be found in East Asia, namely in the lower reaches of the rivers of the Asian part of Russia, as well as in the lowland rivers of China, while its life expectancy is an average of fifteen years.
Ruff
This unremarkable fish eats crustaceans, worms and shrimps. It can reach up to 23 cm in length and 0.2 kg in weight. Belongs to the perch family, and the genus Percidae. The list of water bodies where it can be found includes fresh or slightly brackish rivers, throughout European territory, in northern Asia. Life expectancy is approximately eleven years.
Rainbow trout (mikizha)
These fish reach 39-52 cm in length and up to 0.9-1.7 kg in weight. Representatives of the genus Pacific salmon are members of the Salmonidae family. Being predatory fish, they feast on fry, water bugs, frog tadpoles and even mice or chicks. Preferring clean water and mountain rivers, they live in areas such as Kamchatka and throughout the North American continent. Listed in the Red Book of the Russian Far East, these fish can live up to twelve years.
Shark
The size and weight of fish of this variety ranges from 15 cm to 23 m, and the weight can reach several tens of tons, depending on the species. They belong to the subclass Elasmobranchi and over five hundred species have now been identified. Most of them are carnivorous in nature, but some are almost omnivorous.They are found in all oceans and prefer s alty water habitats. The lifespan of these fish ranges from thirty to hundreds of years, depending on the species.
Bull
Gobiiformes (gobies) range in size and weight from 0.1-0.7 m and 0.3-0.6 kg respectively, and they usually feed on small fish. These coastal bottom dwellers are often found living under rocks, especially in warm seas. In Russia, these are reservoirs such as the Caspian, Azov and Black Seas, which can satisfy their need for an environment of both fresh and s alt water. The lifespan of these fish reaches seven years.
Mackerel (mackerel)
The fish can be up to 65 cm long, but the average length is 28-33 cm; their weight can be 0.9-3.6 kg. They belong to the mackerel family.These fish are social in nature, preying on plankton and smaller fish to feast on. They live in almost all seas and oceans, except for the Arctic region. They prefer warm water temperatures and have a lifespan of up to eighteen years.
Dorado
This member of the Sparus family can reach up to 75 cm in length and 18 kg in weight. He mainly eats shrimp, small mollusks, small fish and sometimes algae. This species is found in Mediterranean waters, but rarely enters the Black Sea bays. In recent years, he was seen off the coast of Crimea. His life expectancy is up to eleven years.
Catfish
The fish usually grow up to 1.2-1.7 m and can weigh over 35 kg. They feed on sea urchins, shrimp and fish and are found in the northern waters of the oceans.These fish prefer temperate and cold waters with rocky bottoms. They swim at a depth of 250-600 meters. They can live up to twelve years and are sometimes referred to as "sea wolf" because of their strong teeth that allow them to easily gnaw through shells - every year a new set grows in place of old teeth.
Haddock
Maximum length of representatives of the genus Melanogrammus (Haddock) from the cod family can reach 113 cm, and weight - 17 kg. It is known that the fish eats sea urchins, worms, shrimps. This species lives in the northern waters of the Atlantic Ocean, and it can be observed both at the bottom and at different levels of the water column. Due to its vulnerability, this species has been given protected status by the authorities. The lifespan of this fish is estimated at twenty-four years.
Flounder
Representatives of the genus Pleuronectes (flounder) of the same family can grow up to one meter and weigh up to seven kilograms. These bottom-dwelling fish feed mainly on crustaceans such as shrimp and are especially active during the daytime. They are found in Atlantic waters, including the coastal waters of Greenland, and have been known to live up to fifty years.
Cod
The maximum size and weight of fish belonging to the genus Gadus and the cod family reaches 1.9-2 m and 38-41 kg, respectively. They feed on crustaceans, mollusks, fish, including other members of their species, as well as their fry.
Cod meat is high in protein, which is the main building block for our tissues, muscles and organs. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which help lower blood cholesterol, improve vision and brain function.Contains antioxidants that help fight free radicals, preventing aging and various diseases.
It can be found in the temperate waters of both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, and there are also several lake representatives. The average lifespan of this species is 22-26 years.
Scad
Genus Trachurus, family Stavrididae; is a species of horse mackerel, the size of which is in the range of 23-82 cm, and the weight is 0.2-2.9 kg. It feeds on small fish, plankton and occasionally invertebrates and lives in warm Atlantic waters. This gregarious species makes long seasonal migrations following warm currents and can live up to nine years.
Mullet
Dimensions and weight: reach up to 95 cm in length; up to 6.8-7.2 kg in weight. Belongs to the mullet and is a species of migratory fish.More than a hundred different types of mullet have been identified. They mainly feed on microscopic crustaceans, mollusks, worms, along with algae and silt from the seabed. They live mainly in the warm seas of the southern hemisphere, they can survive up to fifteen years.
Sea herring
Fish of the genus Scardinius can reach a maximum size and weight of 44-47 cm and 1.2 kg respectively. Its diet consists mainly of larvae and small worms, and it lives in northern Pacific waters. It is a deep sea species that lives approximately 19 to 26 years and has several varieties.
Colin
Mallotus is a species of fish that can reach up to 26 cm in length and 0.49 kg in weight, belonging to the smelt family. Its diet consists mainly of crustaceans and plankton, and it lives in groups.It is usually found near the surface, in Arctic and Atlantic waters and in other regions where it can live up to ten years.
Swordfish
The maximum size and weight of the fish is 4.4 m and 665 kg respectively, belongs to the genus Xiphias and the Swordfish family. It is a predatory species that feeds on other fish and cephalopods. Leads a solitary lifestyle, but forms pairs during the spawning period. This species can be found in Pacific and Atlantic waters, living up to 9-13 years old.
An interesting fact about this fish is that it has the ability to smash 2-3cm thick metal plates or 45cm oak countertops with an average force of 4 tons with its nose.
Moray
Moray eel, which belongs to the moray family and looks like an eel because of its serpentine body, can grow up to 1.7 meters in length and weigh up to 52 kilograms.Her diet consists of crustaceans, fish and octopuses, and she is nocturnal, spending her days hiding in crevices or corals.
Moray eels can actively hunt, swimming in search of prey. They use their good hearing and sense of touch to locate and attack prey. Sometimes they prefer to hide in hiding places, such as crevices and caves, and hunt prey passing by. They use their flexibility and long body to jump out at the prey and grab it in their sharp teeth.
It can be found in Mediterranean, Pacific and Atlantic waters. Life expectancy is estimated at about ten years.
Halibut
A fish of the genus Pleuronectiformes, resembling a flounder, can grow from 33-56 centimeters and up to 2.8-3.2 kilograms in weight. This predatory species lives at great depths and feeds on crustaceans, krill and other fish.It is usually found in northern seas, as well as in Atlantic and Pacific waters. The lifespan of this fish ranges from 25 to 53 years depending on the species.
Tuna
The size and weight of these fish range from 0.49 to 4.5 meters and from 2 to 670 kilograms, depending on the species. They are members of the Scombriformes family and feed on crustaceans, krill and smaller fish. These fish are generally social creatures that can travel long distances in search of food, living in the tropical waters of the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; they are able to live up to nineteen years.
Scat
Size and weight range from a few centimeters to 6.5-7.2 meters and 12-25 kilograms, with some species weighing up to hundreds of kilograms. Rays belong to the suborder Batomorphi.They feed on echinoderms, crustaceans, mollusks, plankton and small fish. Electric rays have an electrical discharge of up to 230 volts, which they use to stun their prey. They are found throughout the world, in both tropical and cold water environments, and have an average lifespan of 16-26 years.
Flying fish
This representative of the Beloniformes genus has a length of 13-55 cm and can weigh up to one kg. Its diet consists of small crustaceans, molluscs, fish larvae and plankton. He prefers to live in groups and, in case of a threat, can move through the air at a distance of up to 220 m at a height of 1.1-1.2 m - such an unusual escape mechanism. Its natural habitat is in tropical or subtropical waters where temperatures do not drop below 19°C and it usually lives for five years.
Barracuda
The maximum length of a barracuda is two meters, and the weight can reach 53 kilograms. It belongs to the genus Sphyraena and the family Barracuda. Her diet consists mainly of fish, squid and shrimp. These fish live in the Red, Mediterranean Seas and other tropical and subtropical waters, preferring to swim near the surface. As a rule, they do not pay attention to scuba divers, but there are cases when they attacked people. Their life expectancy is eight to ten years.
