Pepper: planting and care in the open field, growing technology with photo

Growing bell peppers in open ground is possible not only in regions with a warm climate. Therefore, in the garden of many vegetable growers you can find beds with this cultivated plant. In order for each bush to have a strong stem and strong roots, and the fruits begin to form in a timely manner, it is necessary to plant ready-made seedlings grown at home.

Preparing a strong base

How to plant peppers in open ground, seedlings or seeds everyone's choice. But more likely to get a good result in the first case. Seeds germinate on their own at home, following a few rules.

Cultivation of sweet peppers in the open field begins three months after sowing the seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to plant grains in early February. For the rapid emergence of he althy sprouts, the seeds must be subjected to various manipulations.

For sweet pepper care begins with seeds. The preparatory stage in the technology of growing pepper in open ground is based on seed treatment. To remove fungal and bacterial infection from the seed coat, a disinfection procedure is carried out. A weak solution of potassium permanganate will come in handy.

It is enough to add 1 g of the substance to the water, the solution should be a faint pink hue. The exposure time of the grains in such a solution should be about 25 minutes.

After disinfection, it is recommended to carry out care by hardening the seeds. How to carry out the procedure correctly? For this purpose, the seeds are alternately placed in a cold and warm place for three days.Hardening will allow the bushes to withstand adverse weather conditions in the future.

In order for seedlings to grow faster, and in the future to please a quality harvest, it is recommended not to skip the soaking procedure. For this purpose, you can buy special preparations or make your own from natural ingredients. You can use a recipe based on wood ash or aloe juice. Aloe juice will further increase resistance to various diseases. A cloth bag with pepper seeds is placed in the juice of two fleshy leaves.

Planting seeds

Growing pepper is faster if the seeds are wrapped in a damp cloth and removed in a warm place. After two days, the seeds can already be sown in a prepared container with soil. The distance between the holes should be at least 1.5 cm. One seed should be placed in each recess. The container is covered with polyethylene film or glass.As soon as most of the seedlings appear, the seedlings are opened.

The soil for peppers should be light. You can mix black soil, humus and sand yourself. It is useful to add charcoal. The soil with seedlings is watered with water, which has been settled for at least a day.

Seedlings should be protected from drafts and provide sufficient access to light. Be sure to apply mineral or organic fertilizers. The first time the seedlings are fed as soon as the first leaves bloom. The last top dressing is carried out two weeks before transplanting into the open area.

Peppers are very difficult to transplant, so many experienced gardeners omit the picking step (pinching out long roots). But if planting pepper seedlings is accompanied by correct and careful picking, then the root system will be branched and strong. In one of the experiments, a positive result of this procedure is described: “I have been growing peppers for more than a year.The picking procedure greatly increases the strength of each bush and allows seedlings to quickly adapt to a new place. ”

If it is decided to plant pepper seeds in open ground, then sowing begins three weeks earlier than seedlings. It is recommended to put 4-5 grains in holes about 4 cm deep. The method of heap arrangement of seeds allows to facilitate the process of seedling development. More attention should be paid to sowing seeds.

Features of landing under the open sky

There are many secrets to growing a good crop of peppers outdoors.

How to plant sweet pepper seedlings in open ground? Before planting pepper seedlings in open ground, you need to choose a place and prepare the beds. Planting bell pepper should be carried out in a place where there will be no piercing wind. In autumn, a suitable piece of land is dug up and fertilized. Planting pepper and care in the open field is not complete without feeding from potash and phosphorus substances.

Also, sweet peppers in the open field do not tolerate too hot air and direct sunlight. Care must be taken to shade the beds in hot weather.

In the spring it is necessary to loosen the ground again, with the introduction of ammonium nitrate. The scheme of planting pepper can be varied, but the variety is always taken into account. At what distance from each other is it recommended to plant seedlings in the ground? Holes are dug at a distance of 35 cm. The distance between rows should be approximately 45 cm. If two pieces are planted in a hole, then the distance should be increased to 60 cm.

Known and often used square-nested planting method. The hole should have equal sides, at least 60 cm. Pepper can be planted in each recess with two bushes. How to plant a plant if three pieces are placed in the nest? In this case, the dimensions of the sides should be equal to 70 cm. You can see more about this method of planting in the video.

Pepper is planted in the ground at the end of spring. If the weather has not settled, then the landing of pepper is postponed to the beginning of June. It is better to plant pepper in the ground in the evening or on cloudy days.

Seedlings are carefully watered and carefully removed one bush from the container along with an earthy clod that is wrapped around the roots. What fertilizer to apply when planting pepper? When planting, it is useful to add a composition with humus and nitrophoska to the hole when planting. The plant is placed as deep as the first pair of leaves.

Immediately after landing, it is recommended to install pegs, to which bushes will be tied in the future. Tie up after hilling and mulching. Such care will not allow the delicate leaves to break and the stem to bend.

Useful layer

Mulching peppers is a valuable step in care. The features of cultivation are in covering the soil with an organic or inorganic layer, which is called mulch.Mulching the ground is necessary to reduce weeds, retain moisture, and protect against heat and cold. The soil that is covered with mulch spreads beneficial flora and becomes fertile.

Mulch the area where the pepper will be planted with the following substances.

• Organic layer of straw is able to quickly cool the ground, reduces the number of weeds, allows you to get a good harvest. The depth of the mulch layer is at least 10 cm.
• For growing sweet peppers, humus and compost are useful and nutritious mulches. They contain beneficial microorganisms that fight pathogens. Pepper grows better, fruits ripen faster and become juicy.
• Mulch the ground with chopped grass. Any herb can be used. Planting sweet pepper in such a place will only benefit. The layer retains moisture well, promotes the rapid development of the plant and the formation of fruits. The thickness of the mulch must be at least 30 cm.
• You can plant seedlings using inorganic mulch. It includes black film. The soil under the black film retains moisture well and protects against weeds. Many experienced vegetable growers plant peppers under the film, as the need for constant watering and weeding the beds is lost.

On the Internet, you can find detailed information about each type of mulch, as well as watch a video.

Besides being useful, mulching can cause problems. Most often this occurs when establishing a thick layer of mulch. Stagnation of moisture in the soil can lead to root rot. Periodically, you should change the old layer to a new one.

To avoid mistakes, each type of mulch should be laid with the thickness recommended by agronomists. The layer is laid on well-warmed, dry ground. Every spring, the old layer of mulch should be removed.

Careful attitude

The first days after transplantation, the growth of pepper slows down, the leaves are lethargic and drooping. After a few days, when the bushes take root, a strong stem will begin to develop. Caring for pepper in the open field is accompanied by regular watering, fertilizing the soil and controlling weeds.

Growing and caring for outdoor peppers should be accompanied by proper, regular watering. The first watering is carried out at the time of disembarkation, and then after 5 days. If the weather does not indulge in rain, then watering until the first fruits appear is recommended every week. During rapid fruiting, watering is reduced. As soon as the first crop is harvested and new flowers appear on the plants, the previous watering regime is resumed.

As soon as the height of the plant reaches 35 cm, pinch the top. Thanks to this, new side branches will go. In order for the flowering to be plentiful and many ovaries to form, the flower located in the center is removed.

Throughout the time when the bell pepper grows, you need to pick off the extra leaves and twigs. This allows better access of sunlight and air to the stem.

Pepper loves soft, well loosened soil. Therefore, a hard crust should not be allowed. During loosening, the soil is enriched with oxygen, the plant grows faster, and the activity of beneficial bacteria improves. At the same time, weed control is underway. The first loosening should be carried out no deeper than 6 cm. In the future, it is useful to loosen the soil after each watering or rain.

Because peppers are thermophilic plants, they can hardly endure adverse weather surprises. You can protect peppers from frost as follows. Shelters are built from cardboard, warm fabric over the beds. If cold nights continue for a long time, it is better to cover with a film.

Additional Nutrients

Bulgarian pepper cultivation is not complete without the introduction of nutrients. The frequency of fertilizer application should be once every 12-14 days. Fertilize the plant at least three times. Peppers are especially in need of nourishment during flowering and fruit formation.

First feeding with nutrients occurs 14 days after disembarkation. During this time, the peppers will take root and get used to the new place. The best formulations at this stage are those that contain mullein. Water is added to the manure in a ratio of 1:5, insisted and stirred with water 1:2 before watering.

When flowers appear, you can use the following recipe based on herbal infusion and mullein. Nettle, plantain and dandelion leaves are poured with water, mullein is added and infused for a week. Apply the finished solution to the root of each bush. You can repeat watering every 2 weeks. The nutrients obtained during this feeding contribute to the activation of growth and better fruit formation.

To attract pollinating insects during the flowering period, you can use a solution with sugar. Sugar and boric acid are dissolved in water. The resulting composition is sprayed with bushes. As a result, ovaries form faster.

During the formation of the fruit, you can take care of it with a fertilizer based on chicken manure and nitroammophoska. The components are mixed and left to infuse for the whole week. Fertilizer is transferred to the bed between rows.

Bulgarian peppers can be cared for with nettle infusion. An infusion of nettle alone stimulates the growth and development of pepper. Young nettles are best suited for infusion. It contains magnesium, iron, potassium and other essential micronutrients. The stems are crushed and infused in a barrel of water, covered with a lid for two days. Before feeding, the solution is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10.

Before applying organic or mineral fertilizer, the beds should be watered with plain water. Such care will allow the nutrients to be evenly distributed and avoid burns to the root system.

The farming technique of growing pepper does not allow the use of fresh manure as a fertilizer. Manure contains a lot of nitrogen, so the risk of an overabundance of this element increases. The stem and leaves begin to gain mass and strength, and fruiting stops.

Problems occur

If it has been noticed that the leaves change shape, color, the stems look sluggish, or other signs appear, a lack of mineral components is often the cause:

• with a lack of potassium, the leaves curl, and their tips dry and turn yellow;
• time to apply nitrogen fertilizers when the leaves have lost their rich green color and turned gray;
• if the leaves are pressed against the stem and become bluish, then there is not enough phosphorus;
• white spots indicate magnesium deficiency;
• leaves and ovaries fall off with an excess of nitrogen.

For the cultivation of sweet pepper, you need to create conditions. With improper care, it is subject to the development of various diseases. The most common disease is the black leg, which develops in too wet soil.You can notice the problem by the dark part of the stem with a coating that runs near the ground. If no action is taken, then all roots succumb to decay and the plant dies.

To reduce the risk of black leg development, seeds are planted only in cultivated soil, only strong, he althy seedlings are transplanted into open ground. The distance between the bushes must be large, this will reduce the spread of the disease. In addition, closely planted bushes will not pass air or light well.

Phytophthora is a fungal infection that affects the green part of the plant. You can recognize by the appearance of brown spots on the stem and leaves. To avoid this disease, care must begin with seeds. Before planting, they are soaked in potassium permanganate, foliar spraying of seedlings in open ground with protective solutions is carried out. You should also avoid the neighborhood of pepper with tomatoes and potatoes.

Another common fungal disease is white rot. The lower part of the stem is covered with a whitish coating, while the inner part of the stem turns black. As a result, the stem loses strength and the plant dies. To avoid the problem, pepper seedlings are transplanted into the ground well warmed by the sun. Do not forget to remove sluggish leaves in time and water the bushes only with warm water. At an early stage of the onset of the disease, you can try to get rid of it with a solution of wood ash.

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