Formation of pepper in a greenhouse and open ground: pinching, pruning, video scheme

The formation of pepper in a greenhouse is mandatory for all types of this plant. For each variety, such an event may be slightly different. For example, when growing sweet peppers, you have to completely remove the stepchildren and pinch the top.

If you have to prune low varieties, then only a small part of the shoots is removed, which is the lowest location.

What varieties need to be formed

Before you form peppers in the open field or greenhouse, you need to figure out which types of plants need it. Gardeners are engaged in the cultivation of varieties that can be molded among themselves by the duration of ripening. The following types of peppers are distinguished:

1. Ultra-early - technical maturity is reached in exactly three months.
2. Early - fruits ripen within 100 days.
3. Mid-early - the first peppers ripen 130 days after planting.
4. Late - will sing five months after planting.

Also bushes may differ in their height. All varieties can be subdivided into:

• dwarf - below 40-45 cm;
• undersized - grow up to 50-60 cm;
• medium-sized - the height of the bushes does not exceed 100 cm;
• tall - the average height of an adult plant is about 200 cm.

The formation of peppers is carried out for all varieties, except for dwarf ones. They bear fruit well even without pruning bushes, provided that the planting pattern has been fully observed.

During the pinching of undersized bushes, it is enough to cut off weak shoots that grow inside. A tall pepper bush needs a lot of nutrients. If during growth it grows strongly, then ideal conditions will be created for the appearance of dangerous pests and diseases. Therefore, pruning of such bushes is mandatory in order to protect the plant and improve its nutrition.

Formation methods

To understand how to form peppers in the open field, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic methods of pinching. During pruning of many varieties, various methods are used. There are three main methods for pruning bushes.

In one stem

Quite often this option is used if a lot of seedlings are planted, and the bed is not very spacious. By shaping the bush this way, the plant will get more light as most of the shoots and leaves will be removed.

To form a bush in this way, it is necessary to break out all the stepchildren and its twins that appear during the bifurcation of the stems. Only all flower brushes are left on the plant.

Two stems

This method is the most popular, as it is suitable for many varieties of pepper. In this way, you can get a small and powerful bush that can easily withstand the weight of even the largest fruits.

During the formation of pepper in two stems, not only the main stem is left, but also its first stepson. It is he who develops faster than other stems. All other shoots must be disposed of.

Three stems

This option is used when few seedlings have to be grown on a large plot. To form a bush in three stems, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

1. Two stepchildren are left on the plant, which are below the first flower brush.
2. The bush is carefully examined and another well-developed and strong stepson is selected.
3. All remaining stepsons are removed.

Recommendations

Many people don't know how to stepson a pepper in a greenhouse. There are a number of specific rules that will help you perform this procedure correctly:

• Don't pinch peppers if the weather is too hot and dry for a few days. In this case, it is better to leave leaves on the bushes so that they can protect the plant from burning out. The formation of a pepper bush in a greenhouse during such a period can lead to its death. By removing all unnecessary shoots, soil and bushes, you will lose additional protection from the sun.
• Staging tools can be carriers of dangerous infections. Before the procedure, it is recommended to disinfect them with antiseptics.
• Stepping of pepper is not carried out if the height of the bush is less than 20-30 cm. This may adversely affect growth and fruiting.
• You can not form a bush if it is sick. Because of this, he may die.
• It is not recommended to stalk pepper if it is planted too infrequently. The distance between each bush should be at least 25 cm. Bushes, near which there are no other plants, should be left with dense greenery.

Basic moves

Three basic techniques are used during the formation of plants.

Pinching

Pinching is done in order to stop the growth process and send all the nutrients to the young fruits. Pinching is a must. If this is not done, then all useful elements will be spent on the development of stepchildren, side shoots and leaves.

Staging

The bushes stepchild to provide the fruits with nutrients. It is necessary to remove only those stepsons that have grown to 4-5 cm.

Cutting

Pruning is done when a large number of unnecessary shoots appear. After pruning, only a few of the most developed stems remain on the plant, which are far from each other.

Stages of formation

The process of pinching peppers in open ground is carried out in several stages. It is recommended to use a clean tool that is not covered with rust.

Crown bud

Young seedlings of bell pepper have one stem, but over time the plant begins to branch and new ones appear. In the place where new branches are formed, the first flower is formed. Quite often it is called the crown bud.The essence of the first stage of formation is its removal. This is done in order to accelerate the development of culture.

Sometimes several of these buds appear on the bushes at once. In this case, you will have to get rid of all the flowers so that the greenhouse pepper can branch well.

This procedure is carried out even if the buds appeared before the pepper was planted in open ground.

Extra shoots

The second stage of formation is carried out after the first 10 leaves grow at the bush. In this case, all unnecessary branches are removed from the peppers in the greenhouse and only a few shoots are left that were formed by the fork of the main bud. Weak branches are shortened - the upper point of growth is removed from them. Any remaining shoots will form the basis of an adult pepper.

After removing the extra stems, bush peppers should be observed for several weeks. Over time, the shoots will begin to branch and a new bud will appear on each of them. They can also form in internodes. The buds that are there must be removed immediately.

From all new stems, you need to choose the strongest, and get rid of the rest. This is done in order to improve the supply of nutrients to the ovaries. This operation should be carried out after each branching of the bush. If weak shoots are not removed in a timely manner, the plant will gradually begin to weaken.

After completing the second stage, the pruned bush should have no more than 25 ovaries.

Bad shoots

After removing all the extra stems, the bush of sweet pepper in the open field or in the greenhouse begins to develop rapidly. Over time, empty shoots begin to appear on the plants, which will have to be disposed of. They appear at the bottom of the bush, not far from the branching of the main stem.

Besides this, at this stage sweet peppers in the greenhouse are covered with extra leaves that do not take part in the nutrition of the ovaries and create an additional shadow. Also, sometimes damaged leaves appear, due to which the plant develops various diseases.

If you do not remove the extra leaves in a timely manner, then the pepper will begin to seriously decline in yield. To do this, it is recommended to follow the following pattern:

1. Pruning the leaves on the main stem is necessary only after they enter the stage of technical ripeness. No more than two sheets are removed at a time.
2. The second removal should be carried out after the formation of the peppers of the second brush.
3. The last stage of leaf removal is carried out 1-2 months before the fruit fully ripens.

Pinching

For the formation of sweet and large fruits, the bushes will have to spend quite a lot of effort, which is often spent to maintain new and unnecessary ovaries. Most novice gardeners make the same mistake - leaving a lot of ovaries that the bushes cannot feed.

At a late stage of development of peppers, many new flowers appear.However, they do not increase the yield, but only weaken the newly formed fruit. It is because of this that the fourth stage of the formation of bushes is carried out, during which growth points are pinched on all branches. Thanks to this, the plant spends all its strength on the development of new peppers.

Conclusion

To understand how to form peppers in a greenhouse or open field, you need to familiarize yourself with some recommendations. It will also help with the formation of pepper in a greenhouse video, with which you can familiarize yourself with the features of this process.

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