Grapes in a greenhouse: growing, planting and care, pruning scheme with video

Growing grapes in a greenhouse increases the chances of harvesting a large and high-quality crop. Culture loves a lot of heat and sunlight, but the climate of the region does not always meet these requirements. Indoors, it is easier to recreate optimal conditions for the development of grapes. It is important to choose the right variety, observe agricultural practices and some other requirements.

Benefits of growing grapes in a greenhouse

Growing grapes in a greenhouse, compared to open-air beds, has a number of positive aspects.

Especially this planting method is suitable for areas with an unstable climate:

Indoors, it is easier to maintain the desired temperature and humidity levels. Even without an artificial heater, indoors will be 3-4 degrees warmer than outside.
If all the rules of cultivation and care are followed, the harvest can be harvested 3-4 weeks earlier.
Easy to care for in any season, easier to harvest.
Infectious diseases develop less frequently, so there is no need to treat the bushes with chemicals.
There is no risk that wasps and other insects will damage the mature crop.
The design of the greenhouse protects the plant from spring frosts, low temperatures in winter, hail and heavy rains.
Greatly increasing the number of bunches.

In the interval between seedlings in the greenhouse, you can plant flowers, vegetables, greens.

Choice variety

An important step is the selection of a suitable variety for planting in the greenhouse. It is important that the selected variety of grapes is characterized by bisexual flowers. Experienced gardeners recommend opting for grape varieties that have early crop maturation limits.

For growing in a greenhouse, it is recommended to choose varieties with thin tassels. Dense, thick branches will transmit light poorly and increase the risk of developing fungal diseases:

Table grapes Michurinsky is a variety with early ripening boundaries. Differs in strong growth and a numerous harvest. Clusters form a conical shape, weighing up to 400 g. Oval-shaped maroon berries weigh 4 g. Medium disease resistance.
The table variety of Lora grapes is characterized by very early ripening of the crop.Clusters are formed large, conical shape. The weight of one bunch reaches 1 kg. The berries are oblong, light green in color, weigh 7-9 g. It rarely gets sick, tolerates cold well, the berries are not prone to cracking.

Cultivar Korinka Russkaya is characterized by strong growth, high yield, early crop maturation limits, resistance to frost and diseases. The clusters are not very large. The berries are small, weigh 2-3 g. The skin is thin, but strong, yellow-green. There are no seeds inside.
Arcadia grapes are a table variety with early ripening. The clusters are large, cylindrical, weighing up to 700 g. The berries are also large, weighing up to 15 g, the skin color is green-white.

Other popular indoor varieties include: Moscow Steady, Ruslan, Druzhba, Timur, Moldova, Rapture, Irinka.

Greenhouse requirements

Greenhouse designed for planting and growing grapes has its own distinctive features:

The height of the greenhouse must be more than 2 meters. The dimensions will depend on the dimensions of the trellis for tying. It is better to choose an arched design.
In order to prevent weeds, pests and drafts from spreading in the greenhouse, it is better to make a small layer of concrete foundation.
In order to keep warm and well, light penetrates without obstacles, you need to make a lining of high-quality material. Transparent cellular polycarbonate is best suited. A distinctive feature is considered to be year-round use. A film cover is also used.

Many varieties of grapes immediately after planting begin to bear fruit after 5 years. Therefore, the frame of the greenhouse must be made of durable material that will last for many years.
It is better to provide the greenhouse with artificial heating. For this purpose, infrared lamps are suspended, and conventional heating devices are also suitable.
It is also recommended to install lamps to create artificial lighting.
The room must be regularly ventilated. For a small greenhouse, it is enough to make two opening windows.

If all these conditions are met, the culture will develop well and there will be no problems.

Features of greenhouse preparation

Before you start planting grape seedlings in a greenhouse in your country house, you need to carry out preparatory work.

You should first prepare the ground. Grapes love light, fertile soil with good aeration. The substrate is prepared from sand, peat, limestone, loam and fertile soil.It is recommended to add mineral components. The resulting soil mixture is poured into each pit intended for planting. If there are a lot of seedlings, then instead of separate recesses, they dig a trench of the desired depth and width.

To protect the vine from burns in hot weather, a wire is stretched horizontally at a distance of 45 cm from the walls and ceiling of the greenhouse. The wire will limit the extension of the branches, and they will not touch the hot partitions of the structure.

Fit features

The planting of seedlings in the greenhouse starts in November or early spring. Seedlings must be he althy, free of damage, frost marks and strong roots.

It is important to know how to plant grapes indoors. Recesses for planting shrubs are made at a distance of 48 cm from the greenhouse wall. Between the seedlings themselves, the interval should be at least 1.5 cm. The scheme that is recommended to follow when planting grapes in a polycarbonate greenhouse:

the depth of the pit is 68 cm, the width is 80 cm, at the same stage, a support for tying is installed;
a layer of wood ash is placed on the bottom;
be sure to fill the drainage layer;
installing a tube that will come in handy for watering;
then fill up a layer of fertile soil and water it;
planted seedlings and sprinkled with earth.

Growing grapes in a greenhouse or greenhouse is not difficult if you follow all the basic rules.

Care

The question of how to care for grapes is especially common among beginner gardeners. Care consists in maintaining the desired level of temperature, humidity and lighting. The air temperature in the greenhouse depends on the stage of vegetative development of the crop:

In the spring, when buds begin to form, +15 degrees is considered the optimal number on the thermometer, at night - not lower than +8 degrees.
During the flowering period, the temperature should be even higher - up to +25 degrees, at night - not lower than +15 degrees.
A hot climate is necessary during the ripening period of berries. During this period, the temperature should be raised to +30 degrees, and at night +20 degrees.

In addition to these rules, care involves setting a schedule for watering, fertilizing, loosening and weeding the soil, as well as carrying out the pruning procedure.

Bees should be brought indoors for pollination. If this fails, then you can carry out the procedure yourself. To do this, once a day (preferably before lunch), you should gently shake the grape branches.

Grapes grown in a greenhouse are rarely attacked by pests and infectious diseases. But experienced gardeners still recommend preventive treatment. Common diseases that affect the culture include: mildew, anthracnose, oidium, gray rot.Pests dangerous for grapes are grape mites, leafworms, aphids.

If the greenhouse is not equipped with a heating system, then in mid-October, grape bushes should be hidden from the coming cold weather. The branches are tilted to the ground and covered with, for example, roofing material, a warm blanket, sawdust or spruce branches.

Trim

The formation of a bush should be carried out annually. The procedure allows you to leave the most he althy and fruitful shoots. In addition, the likelihood of infection is reduced. Light and heat are distributed evenly to all parts of the plant.

Some time after planting, the first pruning of grapes is carried out. Remove dry, damaged branches that take away extra strength and nutrients. Weak and unnecessary branches should be cut regularly.

The classic grape pruning pattern looks like this:

the strongest shoot is initially determined, which will serve as the central stem;
the selected strong stem is cut off, leaving two or three eyes;
next season, two new shoots appear from the left eyes, one of them is cut short (by 2-3 eyes), and the other is long (by 8-9 eyes);
trimming should start from the bottom.

This procedure is repeated annually. Not the main side branches should be cut to the first leaf, barren shoots - to the fifth leaf. This will leave more space for the development of fertile shoots.

Feeding

The addition of additional nutrients ensures he althy growth and development of grapes. Increased resistance to disease and pest invasion.

Feeding grapes is carried out in four stages:

in the spring when planting (make potash, phosphorus and nitrogen components);
two weeks before the start of flowering (it is better to use organic and mineral compounds, the composition is suitable, for example, from rotted manure, potassium sulfate and superphosphate);
at the initial stage of the formation of berries (the amount of potassium and phosphorus in the formulations is increased);
fertilizers are needed during the period of active ripening of grapes.

Top dressing is applied to specially dug grooves near each trunk. Superphosphate and compounds based on potassium and phosphorus elements are suitable as top dressing. You should be careful with nitrogen fertilizers.

During the period of formation and blooming of the kidneys, it is recommended to add ammonium nitrate. It contributes to the rapid and good development of green mass and buds. It is useful to apply superphosphate before flowering.

Irrigation

Grapes do not need frequent watering. Excessive soil moisture leads to the fact that the roots begin to rot and the berries crack. Water must not be poured under the very root of the bush. Be sure to make grooves or pour water into the tubes that were inserted at the stage of preparing the pit.

The first watering is carried out before planting the seedling. For each dug hole, 20 liters of warm, settled water are counted. After a week, watering is repeated. So that moisture does not evaporate, it is advisable to mulch the soil. Peat, sawdust, moss are suitable as mulch.

During the ripening of grapes, watering is reduced. If this condition is not taken into account, then the berries will rot and crack. In hot summers, water once a week.

Water is prepared in advance for irrigation. It should be warm and settled. It is best to carry out the watering procedure in the early morning. It is not recommended to water in the evening, as moist air at night negatively affects the development of the crop.