Chinese cabbage: cultivation and care in the open field in the garden with a photo

Traditional varieties from China are actively assimilated in the regions of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, are popular in Kazakhstan and other CIS countries. How to grow Chinese cabbage, get the highest possible yield? The ancient vegetable crop has gone through more than one stage of breeding development, it takes root perfectly in new lands. Tolerates frost well.

It is necessary to familiarize yourself with some of the nuances of plant life. Any variety requires care, special treatment. If potatoes need nitrogen, what will bok choy or some other kind of Chinese guest need? How many varieties exist in nature and how to grow a crop in our conditions?

Description

Asian plant came to us in the second half of the XIX century. During this time, a huge selection work has been carried out. A large number of different varieties of Chinese cabbage have been bred. Hybrid ones are especially popular, as they take root well in an environment unusual for them, give a good harvest.

There are two types, each of which has its own differences:

1. Beijing cabbage bok choy, it is often confused with another species. Both came to us from China. But, despite the similarities, they need to be cared for in different ways.
2. Chinese cabbage pak choi. This is the second variety that has a classic name. It was from him that the Beijinger was renamed, which from the point of view of biology is completely wrong. It turns out that pak choi and Chinese cabbage are two different varieties.

Crops can be divided into three groups according to precocity:

1. Early. Ripening time - 40 - 55 days.
2. Average. It will take 55 - 60 days before full fruits are obtained.
3. Later. Harvest will have to wait about 60 - 80 days.

Planning

I wonder how to grow Chinese cabbage if you plant three varieties of a variety at once in one area? When an early harvest is taken, it can be processed. After all the work is done, the next wave comes. This saves time during the hot season.

Properly distribute the yield, prevent damage to the fruit, the following information will help.

Early

Varieties are best divided by planting area. Cultures differ slightly in terms of conditions of detention. For example, Chinese swallow cabbage - growing and caring for it will take only 15 days after germination.This is a real record holder for the speed of maturation. The first green is the most valuable. The body needs to replenish its reserves of vitamins and minerals after a long winter.

Views may conflict with each other. It is necessary to separate crops when planting together. For example, pak choi is grown with its relatives at a distance from each other. But harvesting with this way of farming is even more convenient.

Vacated areas can be used for re-sowing, after preparing the land. This method allows you to harvest several crops a year.

Mid-ripening varieties

A bright representative is a glass of cabbage. It got its name from its goblet shape. Heads are dense, without voids. Weight up to two kilograms.

Mid-ripening varieties contain more useful elements than early ones. More time is spent on growing Chinese cabbage, but this is justified by the weight and size of the fruit.In terms of shelf life, the vegetable surpasses the early ripe one. Longer time is in the garden, there is every chance to survive until late autumn.

Late varieties

Autumn frosts are not terrible. Cabbage of these varieties grows well after a short drop in temperature. Pest resistant. Well stored (up to 9 months). These varieties are usually used for pickling and canning. Hybrids are used for better storage.

Each gardener decides individually when to plant seeds. Late varieties are planted almost simultaneously with early ones. It goes through several stages before harvesting:

1. Preparing the soil.
2. Preparation of seeds.
3. Germination.
4. Ground landing.
5. Cultural care.

As you can see, before planting cabbage in the country, you must first prepare the seed material.

Seed preparation

The procedure is simple and will not take much time. Pre-treatment of seeds allows you to determine in advance the germination of the crop and affects the rate of emergence of the first sprouts:

1. Put the seeds in a gauze bag. For 15 minutes, put in water, preheated to a temperature of +50 degrees.
2. Then cool them in cold water for one minute.
3. After that, immerse the seeds in a special garden solution with trace elements (sold in gardening stores) for 12 hours.
4. Can be stored overnight in the refrigerator at temperatures up to -10 degrees.

Prepared seed is ready for planting.

How to plant

Depending on the regions, conditions of detention may vary significantly. Planting and plant care have their own characteristics.

Culture loves light and is planted in open, unshaded areas. Equally well perceives both the eastern and western sun. Comfortable temperature depends on the variety, usually up to +25 degrees.

There are two ways of landing:

1. Reckless way. We use pre-prepared seeds and plant cabbage in open ground. After planting, sprinkler irrigation is required. It is advisable to keep the ground slightly moistened until the first shoots appear. Landing is carried out in an open, sunny place. It is necessary that the earth warms up well.
2. With seedlings. Growing seedlings from seeds is a long and fruitful process. Pre-grown seedlings reduce the risk of loss of yield and time due to seed quality, fruits can be harvested earlier. Beijing cabbage is sensitive to transplantation - here special attention should be paid to soil preparation, which will facilitate the adaptation period.

Tip: Varieties of hybrid varieties have the highest survival rate. When planting, it is desirable to lay two or three seeds in one cup or open ground. In the future, you can always make a pick.

This simple method will increase the yield in the garden. Picking is useful for identifying weak seeds. If the sprouts develop poorly, then this is noticeable at the initial stages of plant development.

Soil preparation

A guest from the Middle Kingdom does not require a special soil composition for normal development, but it is best to prepare a seat in accordance with all the rules of agricultural technology. Some early maturing domestic varieties, such as Alyonushka, allow you to harvest two crops per season. In this case, the soil preparation procedure must be repeated before each planting.

There are two stages here:

1. Preparing the land for seedlings and stocking up on seed material. Culture loves loose soil. Ph is best to choose neutral, it is allowed to use slightly acidic compounds. In order for the culture to grow and develop well, the earth is dug up with 1/5 of the sand. The soil becomes loose and well passes air and moisture. It is best to use peat tablets.
2. At the summer cottage we plan the area for sowing with pre-grown seedlings or in another way. Acidic soils are lime. Then combined fertilizers are applied according to the instructions. Add sand and dig.

Organic fertilizers are essential for the soil. They are usually applied in late autumn, after harvesting they prepare the land for the next season. Humus is distributed over the site and dug up along with the ground. It is important to remember that Asian crops do not tolerate manure well. Chemical processes generate heat that can damage the root system.

It is strictly forbidden to introduce pig, horse, sheep or bird manure. Their addition is possible in small quantities, according to the varieties of celery.

Care

Celery does not require special care. Growing and caring for Chinese cabbage comes down to traditional farming practices:

1. Weeding.
2. Loosening the soil.
3. Water.
4. Drying the soil.

Culture is very fond of watering, which should be plentiful: the earth can remain wet for more than a day. Usually watered under the root, but sometimes you can pamper the cabbage with sprinkling. The main thing is not to spoil the soil after watering, the earth should dry out. Otherwise, soil bacteria will develop, which can lead to infection.

Excellent frost tolerance. Some varieties can be in open beds at temperatures down to -8 degrees. Warm weather usually comes after the first frost. During this period, you can safely leave the crop to ripen.

It should be remembered that the culture has large leaves. Despite the fact that the bok chok has an arrow shape, it does not save from direct sunlight. If you apply sprinkling in the morning, then at noon the leaves can be burned. This is explained by the fact that water droplets remain on the leaves, which, when exposed to intense solar radiation, act as a magnifying lens, which can lead to burning the leaves.

Sunlight is necessary for Asian cultures in all periods of their development, from growing seedlings in an apartment to the full ripening of fruits in the garden. Some gardeners use special lighting to enhance growth. Usually these are combined LED or sodium lamps.

The intensity of photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis depend on lighting. According to research conducted at the Russian Academy of Sciences, plants actively consume the following spectra:

• red;
• blue;
• green.

Monochrome emission of LEDs is the best suited for these purposes.

You can experiment with early crops. For example, the domestic variety Alyonushka is well suited for these purposes. LED lights are positioned so that the leaves are completely bathed in light. Used in the daytime as an addition to the main lighting.

Achieving full maturity occurs when 9-10 full-fledged leaves are formed. The fruit is cut off without stopping the further formation of foliage. In this case, the harvest can be obtained several times from one shoot. The plant very quickly forms new fruits and develops intensively. Proper planning of crops, proper care and attentive attitude will allow you to get an excellent harvest.

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