Perennial onions: description and types of varieties, cultivation and care with photos

Probably, there is no summer resident who would not grow onions on the land. In addition to annual varieties, gardeners also grow perennial onions. If you choose the right type of vegetable and follow the rules of cultivation and care, for the season you can provide the family not only with delicious bulbs, but also with greens. In addition, this activity does not take much effort and time.

Culture properties

There are a huge number of varieties of green onions. They differ in taste, appearance, ripening period and growing characteristics. Each variety description has its own nuances that must be followed in order to get a good harvest.Due to their attractive appearance, onions are often grown as an ornamental plant. Gardeners value onions for their ability to ripen early.

The plant contains amino acids and vitamins that the human body needs. The main purpose of planting green onions is to get greenery. Onions improve digestion, have a positive effect on metabolic processes and increase the protective properties of the immune system. Vegetable lowers cholesterol and removes toxins from the body.

Characteristic

Perennial varieties of onions are distinguished by their ability to tolerate low temperatures. Due to this, it is grown in regions where temperatures can drop to -40 ° C. The plant is practically not exposed to parasites and is resistant to many diseases. Regardless of multiple cuts, the crop continues to produce for 4-6 years.

The onion forms a false bulb, which, under good climatic conditions, continues to produce new green feathers. A short dormant period makes it possible to plant onions in protected ground or indoors.

Popular varieties

Knowing the virtues of culture, no one will refuse to grow perennial onions. The greens that appeared in early spring are saturated with vitamin C, which the body needs after the winter period. There are over 500 types of onions that used to grow exclusively in the wild. Today, the vegetable is successfully grown by people. Any variety of perennial onions takes root on the land without any problems.

Batun

One of the most common types of perennial onions. The people have the name pipe bow or Tatar. The benefit lies in the components included in the composition:

riboflavin;
vitamin C;
potassium;
magnesium.

Tatar is not a compact species. The bush tends to grow widely and, at the same time, the greens bristle in different directions. In appearance, each feather resembles a pipe. It is rounded along its entire length, but empty inside.

Green feathers can reach a height of 60 cm, and a diameter of 1 to 2 cm. Onions have one unusual feature - reproduction with the help of arrows. From their appearance, the taste of the vegetable changes. To delight loved ones with dishes with the addition of greens, it is recommended to cut flowers at their first appearance.

Sweet onion

In appearance, the vegetable resembles a drooping slime onion. Its leaves are flat, can grow in length more than 50 cm. Fragrant green onions do not change their taste both at the beginning and at the end of the season, which other species are deprived of. The culture is rich in ascorbic acid, but has a low fiber content.

Feathers at the site of the breakdown grow back quickly, so the plant continues to produce greens until mid-November. Bulbs of this species are not eaten. They have a small size. The bulb is covered with a special shell that helps to survive severe frosts.

Slimer

Gardeners often neglect this representative of the onion family. Slizun or drooping onion, has the ability to quickly germinate. Thanks to this, it can be enjoyed in the first days of May. The green feathers are rich in iron and yet have a savory taste containing garlic notes.

The taste of the slime may vary depending on the season. At the beginning of germination, it is soft and pleasant. By the end of August, stiffness is felt in the bow. Many gardeners for this reason refused to grow it and in vain. The garlic taste of the vegetable helps housewives use it in conservation. This is a great alternative to garlic.

Penetrating bow is indicated for people suffering from anemia. Has a high iron content.

Shallots

This variety of perennial onion is grown for the purpose of preparing restaurant dishes. They eat not only the green part, but also the bulbs. This type is especially appreciated by chefs working with French cuisine. New feathers quickly grow at the cut site.

It looks like an onion, so it's hard to tell them apart. The difference is that shallots have more feathers than onions. No characteristic pungent odor. Therefore, it is often chosen by girls as an additional ingredient in a salad.

Perennial varieties of onions are used as ornamental plants, but this rule does not apply to shallots and it's not about appearance. Not every crop can have a positive effect on a vegetable. If the onion does not like the neighborhood, this will affect its taste - it will completely lose it. This fact is confirmed by people who planted onions with unsuitable crops.

Schnitt

The onion also has other unusual names - skoroda or chisel. It is used not only for cooking, but also for the purpose of decorating the garden. The onion representative grows well in open ground, in the front garden and on the balcony.A distinctive feature is small flowers that look like balls. Color ranges from soft pink to deep purple.

Flowers that look like bulbs appear in late spring and do not disappear until autumn. Perennial chives are used until greenery is obtained on the land. The bulb, which is underground, is unsuitable for food. May not be dug up and remain in the soil until next season.

The feathers are 45 cm long. They are about 5 mm in diameter. Shredded green empty tubules can decorate even the most boring dish. With the onset of flowering, the vegetable changes its taste, begins to age, and the arrows themselves become stiff. Therefore, it is better to eat in early spring.

Growing a vegetable

If a person decides to grow perennial onions, it is necessary to decide on the territory.It is important to understand that in the next 6 years, the land will be occupied only by onions. Favorable development of the plant is carried out in drained and loose soil. It should be neutral and slightly acidic. Excessive moisture damages onions.

Preparation of beds for culture begins with the following activities:

Dig up the beds since autumn.
Apply fertilizer - phosphorus, potassium or manure.
Weeds are removed in the spring.
Nitrogen-based fertilization.

Cultivation and care is an important process that should be given due attention in order to get a rich harvest of onion feathers. The land should not be under direct sunlight. Well, if it is partial shade. The place of cultivation is protected from spring or autumn flooding with water.

On average, species of perennial onions have a 2-year development cycle. In the first year, the plant pleases with a small rosette with leaves. On the second, flower stalks, fruits and seeds appear. Flowers die off at the end of the season, and the onion develops thanks to the renewing buds that are in the root system. Transplantation is carried out in two ways: seeds or part of the plant.

Reproducing with seeds

As a rule, summer residents place the seed in open ground at the end of winter or early spring. The first sprouts from seeds appear above the soil two weeks after planting. Over the following months, the onion develops slowly, requiring constant attention. In order not to spend a lot of time growing, experienced gardeners use the seedling method.

In March, the seeds are placed in prepared boxes with soil. To provoke early germination, planting material is soaked in a solution of potassium permanganate. There he must spend at least a day. The seeds then dry out.

Seedlings should grow in optimal conditions. Before germination, the temperature is in the range from 20 to 22 ° C. If sprouts appear, they withstand a temperature regime of 18-20 ° C. Seedlings are planted in open ground in mid-May.

Vegetative method

Onions can be propagated not only by seeds. It is not necessary to collect seed to grow new crops. Dividing a bush is another effective and easy way to propagate a perennial. Moreover, this option is suitable for any type of vegetable.

The principle of division is simple. To do this, take a bush that has reached 3 years of age and divide it into small bushes. The procedure is best done in the middle of spring or at the end of the summer period. If the perennial has been growing on the site for a long time, it is ready to propagate.

How to grow a full-fledged plant from individual bushes, giving a rich harvest of greenery? To do this, you need to take the separated part with the bulb and place it in the ground to a depth of 8-11 cm.The root system must be developed, otherwise the culture will not take root or will be weak. If such specimens are present after dividing a large bush, they are planted to a depth of 5 cm.

Perennial care

Despite the unpretentiousness, the plant needs basic care. The development of the bulb and the yield will depend on the person's interest in this matter.

Irrigation

Perennials love to grow in moist soil. At the same time, water should not stand in the bushes. An excess of liquid provokes rotting of the roots and damage to the crop. Periodic watering is recommended, which is done after each new feather appears.

Fertilizer application

Varieties of perennial onions love periodic top dressing. In autumn, potassium and phosphorus are added, which allows the bushes to survive the winter well. After collecting the last feathers, the soil is enriched with nitrogen. Any other fertilizers are applied in autumn.

Attention to the soil

Perennial onion does not tolerate neighborhood with other crops, in particular - weeds. A person must prepare for numerous weeding beds with greens. During the season, the earth can be loosened. Small pests are not as dangerous, but they should also be disposed of.

A competent approach to choosing a variety of perennial onions allows you to provide the gardener's family with vitamins for the whole season. Those that do not need careful care, are resistant to diseases and bring a stable harvest are successful. If you eat a vegetable regularly, you can increase the protective properties of the immune system.