Eggplant varieties for a polycarbonate greenhouse: cultivation and care, planting with a photo

Today, growing eggplants and caring for them in a greenhouse is a fairly profitable business, if you follow the technology. This culture is picky, but if it is watered in a timely manner, fertilized correctly, protected from pests and diseases, then it will surely please its owners with a good harvest.

Which greenhouses are better

The most suitable greenhouse for heat-loving bushes is a structure sheathed with polycarbonate. This material has a honeycomb structure, its air layer holds heat well, so it is able to protect against impending frosts.Enough light gets through the polycarbonate, as transparent sheets let it through in large quantities. If the sun shines outside, the greenhouse warms up, and this saves heating costs. If necessary, the owners of such a greenhouse are additionally insulated from the inside with an anti-condensate film.

Because eggplant grows small, the structure must be sized to comfortably serve the plants. In most cases, 2.5 meters in height is sufficient. In cold climatic zones, gardeners prefer to construct greenhouses on a foundation basis with a depth of 20 centimeters into the ground, and its frame can be either metal or wooden. A prerequisite for effective greenhouses is the presence of opening windows so that it is possible to ventilate and regulate the temperature inside.

The dimensions of the structure are calculated based on the number of plants - 3-5 bushes are planted per 1 square meter. At the same time, it is taken into account that the area is reduced by the thickness of the inner lining and heating ( if it will).

The best eggplant varieties suitable for growing in greenhouses

Today there are varieties that have different ripening periods, height of bushes, requirements for agricultural technology. Accordingly, they differ from each other in yield, weight of fruits, their color, taste and texture. Below will be described varieties that differ from the rest in their advantageous characteristics.

Nutcracker

The variety ripens about 100 days after germination. It has the following parameters:

• growth bush can reach 190 centimeters;
• fetal weight - up to 250 grams, and its length is 12-14 centimeters;
• there is no bitterness in the pulp, it is white;
• the plants have a lot of inflorescences, because of this, it bears fruit for a long period and has a high yield.

Very popular and tasty variety. On each square meter, with proper care, up to 19 kilograms of eggplant are harvested.

Bagheera

Fructification begins already on the 95th day. This early maturing hybrid has the following qualities:

• these vegetables have an elongated shape with an oval edge:
• their color is from dark purple to black:
• the mass of most fruits is about 300 grams, their length is 25 centimeters;
• white pulp, no bitterness;

An additional advantage of the variety is its resistance to tobacco mosaic.

Baikal

Start fruiting time - 100-110 days. Characteristics of this mid-early hybrid:

• the plant is tall and reaches 2.5 meters;
• fruits are medium in size, weighing between 300 and 400 grams;
• eggplant with a dark purple hue;
• flesh is green, structure has a high density.

These bushes need to be tied up. The landing pattern is 40x60 centimeters, and up to 6 kilograms are collected from one square meter. This variety is also resistant to tobacco mosaic.

Joker

This eggplant is early ripe (85-100 days), it is characterized by carpal type of fruiting. The following virtues are:

• plant height in the greenhouse - from 1 meter;
• number of fruits on one brush - 3-7 pieces;
• eggplants are elliptical;
• fruit bright pink, glossy surface;
• the pulp is very tender and juicy, the skin on the vegetable is thin;
• her taste is slightly bitter.

In addition to the above characteristics, this eggplant has an increased resistance to dropping ovaries. One plant can grow up to hundreds of fruits.

Purple Miracle F1

This variety of eggplant begins to sing on the 110th day after germination. It has this characteristic:

• the height of the bushes can reach 75 centimeters;
• its fruits are cylindrical;
• color of vegetables - from dark purple to black;
• The length of the eggplant ranges from 15 to 18 centimeters, and their diameter reaches 8 centimeters.

The peculiarity of the Purple Miracle F1 variety is that there is no bitter taste at all. This eggplant sets fruit even in temperate climates and is also resistant to spider mites.

Fabina

Fabina's eggplant culture is considered ultra-early, because it manages to start bearing fruit after 50 days. In addition, it has the following characteristic:

• spreading plant;
• can grow up to 60 centimeters;
• it produces up to 9 fruits on each bush.

In addition, this variety does not require the creation of supports and tying for it.

Black Moon

Vegetation period before fruiting - 110-115 days. In addition, the variety has the following description:

• eggplant skin is glossy, dark purple;
• the weight of most fruits reaches 250-350 grams;
• inside the pulp is light green, bitterness and voids are absent.

The yield of the variety reaches more than 5 kilograms per square meter. Plants have an increased resistance to tobacco mosaic. This eggplant has excellent taste.

Sophia

This eggplant is an early maturing and productive hybrid. Its additional characteristic is as follows:

• bush height - from 45 to 60 centimeters;
• has dark purple fruits, shiny;
• cylindrical shape;
• its peel is thin, few seeds;

Also, the variety is suitable for transportation and long-term storage.

Black handsome

The fruits of this variety ripen in 110 days. Description of this eggplant:

• bushes grow up to 80 centimeters high;
• weight ranges from 200 to 900 grams;
• fruits are black-violet, with a shiny skin;
• high-yielding variety (up to 9 kilograms can be harvested from 1 square meter).

The variety has an average cold resistance, therefore it is recommended exclusively for greenhouses.

Alenka

An eggplant culture that reaches 105 days later. Feature:

• medium height variety - 70 centimeters;
• fruits are light green, cylindrical;
• their weight is about 350 grams, length - up to 15 centimeters;
• yield variety - high.

The pulp of these vegetables is tender and completely devoid of bitter taste. In the open field, the fruits become smaller.

City F1

The variety is a mid-early hybrid (it starts fruiting after 120 days). Additional description:

• the bush is tall - reaches a length of 180 to 300 centimeters.
• the fruits of these eggplants weigh up to 500 grams;
• skin on vegetables is shiny, dark purple;
• The consistency of the pulp is firm and the hue is light green.
• fruit shape is cylindrical.

These plants need to leave 2 shoots and tie them up. Eggplant hybrid Policeman is able to show resistance to tobacco mosaic.

Technology for growing eggplant in a greenhouse

In order to achieve active fruiting, in addition to selecting suitable varieties, the gardener must know the secrets of preparing a greenhouse for eggplant and the rules for growing this crop.

Prepare the greenhouse like this:

1. Clear the area of all unnecessary. Remove last year's stakes, ropes, inventory. Take out organic residues from the greenhouse.
2. Check the condition of the supporting structure and skin.
3. Wash the inside of the greenhouse with warm water and detergent.
4. Processed with a steam generator or lime with chlorine.
5. Wash off all chemicals with clean water.
6. If necessary, ignite sulfur bombs.

After the above-ground part of the greenhouse is put in order, you need to take care of the soil. It will also need to be disinfected. To do this, take a weak solution of potassium permanganate (as an option, copper sulfate, Fitosporin or Fundazol can replace it) and water the soil surface. After a while, they dig up with organic matter.

It is necessary to grow eggplants correctly, observing planting dates, growing seedlings from seeds, caring for plants in a greenhouse.

Date of planting

Find out when it is best to plant plants using the calculation.

1. Seedlings need to grow until planting at least two months from the seedling period.
2. Eggplants are transferred to an unheated greenhouse only after the temperature has stabilized. For the middle lane, this is the end of spring-beginning of summer. Therefore, the seeds are sown in February-March.

If the greenhouse is heated, then eggplants are already sown in the last ten days of January, and the grown seedlings are planted in April. This option is not cheap, so you need to first evaluate the profitability of growing eggplant.

For regions such as the Moscow region, the planting date falls on May 10, and where the climate is even harsher, the process of growing eggplant in a greenhouse is delayed until a later time.

Preparation of soil and seeds

Quality seeds are the key to success in harvesting eggplant crops. But before sowing plants, one should not forget about disinfection and filling the soil with useful substances.

If the seed material is collected by hand, it is also desirable to disinfect it. For this, a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate is suitable, in which it is kept for a third of an hour. After that, they are washed and laid in ash diluted with water. The seeds must stay in this nutrient solution for a day - this procedure increases the percentage of their germination.

Then they are taken out and wrapped in a damp cloth for another day. During this time, the seeds will already hatch. And if you use this method of preparing seed material, then the seedlings will be in 5 days. In other cases, you need to wait for the emergence of young plants for two weeks.

Preparation of soil for seedlings

In order for the soil to meet the requirements and have the proper degree of nutrition, it must be prepared:

1. Preparing a suitable composition. Well, if there is enough organic matter, and it has high breathability. Most often, it is combined from such components: compost, garden or leaf soil, sand and ash.
2. To obtain its uniformity, it is sieved through large sieve cells.
3. Then the soil is disinfected. To do this, it is kept in the oven for about half an hour at a temperature of 40 ° C. Alternatively, you can steam in a water bath.

If desired, you can purchase a ready-made substrate in a specialized store.

Growing seedlings

As soon as shoots appear, the temperature for young plants is kept at 22-23 during the day, and at 16-17 °C at night. Watering is done only with settled water, once every 5 days.

If such a need arises, then seedlings are fed with potassium nitrate. To do this, take 1 teaspoon of the substance for half a bucket of water. At the same time, the soil is irrigated with this solution so that the fertilizer does not fall on the plants themselves.

When 2 real leaves appear on each plant, they dive - they are seated one at a time in each glass. At the same time, seedlings, in comparison with how they grew before, deepen to cotyledon leaves.

In order for the seedlings to develop properly, it needs at least half a day of daylight hours. Therefore, gardeners use fluorescent lamps.

Planting seedlings in the greenhouse

Each vegetable crop differs from others in the size of the root system and the size of the bushes. And so that there is no competition between eggplants for light and nutrients, the planting pattern must be chosen correctly, otherwise the crop yield will decrease.

Yes, these plants have an increased demand for development conditions, but the gardener can finally decide on the distance when he knows which varieties will grow in the greenhouse.

As you can see from the description, the parameters of eggplants of different varieties differ significantly from each other. For small specimens, the distance in a row from 30 to 45 centimeters will be optimal. The distance between rows can reach 50 centimeters.Spreading - 50 centimeters in a row and 65 - in the aisles.

Eggplant care in a polycarbonate greenhouse

Growing technology in a greenhouse has enough differences compared to outdoor care. A polycarbonate greenhouse has its own microclimate, which, on the one hand, contributes to the development of eggplants (more heat), and on the other hand, affects them negatively (air stagnates, humidity is higher than normal, condensation forms on the walls). Therefore, the task of the gardener is to preserve the advantages of growing conditions and minimize the disadvantages.

How to maintain a comfortable temperature

It is difficult to find a plant that would react to the temperature regime as sensitively as an eggplant. This is due to the fact that inflorescences are pollinated and fruits are tied only with enough heat. The plant feels comfortable at a temperature of 25 ° C heat. If it falls below 15 ° C, then the bushes can stop their vegetation, and when, on the contrary, it rises to 35 ° C, pollination and the appearance of future fruits stop.Therefore, it is imperative to control the amount of heat.

Do it with 2 thermometers. One of them is placed at the top of the structure, and the other is in the soil.

To lower the temperature, gardeners do the following:

• ventilate;
• cover the outer surface of the greenhouse with shading material;
• sprinkling her with water and chalk;
• watered inside the track.

Irrigation

Since eggplant is a somewhat finicky culture, it is advisable not to use tap water for watering plants immediately. For these bushes, settled and room temperature water is needed. If eggplants are watered cold, they will experience a state of shock.

When watering, the liquid should enter the soil at least 20 centimeters, where the root system of this vegetable crop is located.Gardeners irrigate only the ground around the eggplants, and they are left dry to avoid the occurrence of fungal infections. Moisten the soil early in the morning, 1-2 times a week. The best invention in the greenhouse is drip irrigation.

Feeding

Fertilize eggplants in the greenhouse 3 to 5 times per season. Today, the most relevant are complex top dressings: Kemira, Mortar. Add 1 ½ tablespoons of these preparations to 10 liters of water.

If the period of formation of future fruits has come, then a nitrogen-phosphorus solution is introduced into the soil, having 1 teaspoon of ammonium nitrate and 1 tablespoon of superphosphate fertilizer in one bucket of water.

Organic, although it has a good effect on the growing season, it can only push eggplants to increase green mass. It is advisable in such cases to use the Biud complex fertilizer, which is diluted 1:20.

Shaping a bush

This important stage of eggplant care is not shown for all varieties. Only tall and medium-sized plants are formed, and a low-growing vegetable crop does not need this. Therefore, on compact eggplant bushes, dried leaves are cut off and those that block sunlight from the ovaries.

The rest of the varieties begin to form 14 days after planting in a permanent place of growth. If the plant is depressed, then they give it a week or two extra time without this procedure.

There are several options for shaping:

1. In 1 stem. Used for dense plantings. When forming up to 4 leaves, side branches and inflorescences break off. At a height of 8 sheets, the stepchildren are removed, and some of the future fruits are left. After 10 leaves, branches with an ovary are left.
2. In 2 escapes. When the eggplant reaches a height of 30 centimeters, then remove its top. After the growth of the side branches, the 2 most developed of them are left, and the leaves located below are cut off. Then stepchildren are timely.
3. In 3 stalks. They do everything in the same way with the previous option.

All tall varieties of eggplant are tied to supports.

Pollination

Eggplant has flowers of both sexes on the same plant, and pollination can occur independently. Unfortunately, there are no appropriate insects in the greenhouses, and gardeners have to move the bushes slightly to increase the yield of plants.

Ventilation

When airing greenhouses and hotbeds open windows, transoms and doors. But they do it on the one hand so that there are no drafts, since they are harmful to eggplants. In greenhouses where there are two entrances, only one of them is opened to avoid turbulence.

Ventilation makes it possible to reduce temperature and humidity in greenhouses.

Possible growing problems

Often, gardeners experience such difficulties during the cultivation of eggplants:

1. Leaves change color from green to yellow. This is due to a violation of the timing of watering or improper fertilizing, or maybe because of a disease.
2. Falling flowers. The reasons for this phenomenon lie in the lack or excess of water in the soil.
3. Don't want fruit set. One of the reasons is the lack of pollination, excessive feeding or lack of formative pinching.
4. Burns on the green part of plants. This problem occurs due to direct sunlight.
5. Twisting leaf plates on the bushes. The reason may be excessive humidity or lack of light, and possibly pests.

Diseases and pests

Unfortunately, harmful insects and diseases can appear on eggplants not only with improper cultivation in protected ground conditions. Therefore, before treating plants with any chemical means, it is necessary to establish what disease or insect caused this condition of eggplants.

When buying a certain drug to get rid of a specific lesion, carefully read and strictly follow the instructions.

Most often, eggplant culture, due to high humidity, can become ill with fusarium, gray rot, late blight, and sometimes a spider mite appears.

In order to be more likely to grow he althy eggplant, take preventive measures:

• before sowing, seeds are processed, in case of self-collection;
• disinfection of soil when growing seedlings;
• good eggplant care in the greenhouse at all stages of the growing season;
• replacement of topsoil after harvest;
• creating the right microclimatic conditions in greenhouses;
• systematic inspection of eggplants for the absence of dangerous insects and diseases;
• careful weed removal;
• correct fertilizing;
• observance of watering and ventilation modes, in order to avoid excessive dampness and dryness.

Breeders are also working on an abundance of future crops, they are creating varieties that will have even greater resistance to diseases and pests.

Harvest and storage of crops

The fruits are harvested when they are technically ripe. Usually it occurs 25-40 days after the flowering of the bushes. Coloring of fruits may appear before they ripen.The first sign that the vegetable has already reached is the degree of elasticity of the pulp. Check it by pressing the fruit with your finger. This creates a dent on the eggplant, which will recover in a few minutes. Reached vegetables are cut with a pruner. This leaves a small tail.

Store eggplant in a dark, cool room. To do this, they are placed in boxes in 2 balls, shifting with straw or parchment paper. After every 14 days, they are reviewed for the presence of rot. Those vegetables that have undergone changes are removed from the box.

Because eggplants are finicky plants, growing them is not easy. But those vegetables that you can buy in stores will in no way be able to compare with those grown on your own. Therefore, you just need to carefully apply the necessary agrotechnical measures and be patient. The time will come, and the eggplants will delight their owners with a wonderful harvest.

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