Perennial arugula: varieties and types with descriptions for open ground and greenhouses + photo

Perennial arugula is the favorite green of many gardeners, which has a large number of varieties. Thanks to its incredible taste, it can give the finished dish mustard-nutty notes. Nutrition experts advise including greens in the diet daily, as they are very useful. Bundles of fragrant crop can be bought at the market at the end of May or grown in the garden and windowsill.

Description and useful properties of arugula

The plant is a relative of mustard and cabbage. It has many other names that can often be found in descriptions of dishes or articles about arugula. Rocket lettuce, arugula, caterpillar, indus, eruka, gulyavnik are one and the same. It is also customary to call greens indau.

Lettuce leaves are rich in vitamin B and C, magnesium, zinc, iron, selenium and folic acid. These components together strengthen the human immune system, destroying harmful bacteria. Flavonoids in the composition make the walls of blood vessels strong and elastic. Arugula is an excellent medicine for those suffering from stomach diseases. Regular use prevents the growth of cancer cells.

Rocket salad has the ability to calm the nervous system, so it is recommended for quick-tempered people. Greens lower cholesterol levels and remove excess fluid from the body. Diet lovers do not bypass the nut-flavored plant, as arugula helps to lose weight and maintain beauty. Only 25 calories per 100g.

Acting inside the body, improves the appearance of hair and strengthens nails.Arugula is not only eaten, but also used to make masks and other care products. It is useful to include it in the composition of the face mask. Has a rejuvenating effect, making the skin supple.

Arugula varieties

Among the existing varieties of arugula are annual and perennial. They are designed for greenhouses and open ground. In order not to plant lettuce every year, it is better to choose perennial varieties. The root system tolerates winter well, and greenery appears in early spring.

Breeders have developed many varieties of arugula. All that are on the market are suitable for gardeners living in the suburbs. They have similar characteristics, but differ in taste and appearance. Among the large number of types of arugula, everyone can choose what they like.

Cupid's Arrow Grade

Included in the group of mid-season varieties. Suitable for consumption after 4 weeks from the moment the sprouts appear. The height of the rosette of culture is 22 cm.

The leaves of Cupid's Arrows are wavy and have a rich green color. They are raised above the ground and form a uniform outlet. During the flowering period, yellow flowers appear on the plant. From 1 sq. m per season harvest up to 3 kg of greenery.

Variety Dikovina

In the descriptions of the Cupid's Strelya and Dikovin varieties, one can find a lot in common. The bushes reach a height of 20 cm. The plant is covered with medium-sized leaves. The color is green, the surface is smooth, devoid of roughness.

The weight of one Curiosity bush ranges from 20 g. Arugula blooming flowers have a creamy hue and are covered with brown veins. Indau forms an arrow rather late. The culture develops well on soils with high humidity. Continues to produce greens until the onset of cold weather, as it is able to maintain nutritional qualities for a long time.

Olivette variety

Is the record holder for the appearance of green leaves. Only 3 weeks pass from the moment the sprouts appear to the harvest. At the same time, the height of the plant is 25 cm. The leaves are strongly dissected and colored green.

Bitterness is felt at the time of eating arugula. A spicy aroma emanates from fresh herbs. From the yellow flowers of Olivetta, small light brown seeds are formed, similar to poppy seeds. The yield is not very high - about 2 kg of greens are harvested from a small area.

Variety Rocket

Another representative of early maturing varieties. The dark green leaves have a wavy shape, and the plant itself is finely serrated. A delicate mustard aroma emanates from the leaves. After pruning, new ones appear on the bush, having the same bitter-sharp taste.

Rocket leaves are rich in vitamin C. Suitable for growing in open and closed soil. Used to prepare various dishes. These can be simple appetizers or complex main courses.

Victoria variety

Greenery pruning is recommended 3 weeks after sprouts appear. The variety is considered universal, since arugula can be planted in a greenhouse and sown in open ground. The height of the rosette is average - from 15 to 25 cm. The leaves cover the bush and are slightly raised above the soil.

Culture has a rich green color with light streaks. When cutting into a dish, a strong aroma is felt. Thanks to its nutty-mustard taste, it goes well with vegetables, meats and cheeses. It is considered a dietary product. Arugula Victoria is a real source of vital minerals, vitamins and other equally useful substances.

Sort Poker

Is very popular among lovers of greenery. Early ripe variety is characterized by excellent taste. It forms the basis for salads and light dishes for fish and meat. Cultivation peaks in mid-summer.

Poker arugula variety is not like other representatives of greens, because the bush has a branched stem. Thanks to this feature, the plant reaches a height of up to 1 m. With the help of green leaves, a rosette up to 25 cm high is formed. The leaves are periodically cut for use, and new ones grow in their place.

In greenhouse conditions, the outlet is only 12 leaves. In open soil, the amount increases by 2 times. Arugula flowers have a pale cream color. The yield is not very high, despite the fact that the variety is considered early.

Variety Solitaire

It was bred by breeders back in 2007. Since then, it has taken pride of place on the land plots of many gardeners. It tolerates winter well in the open field, giving green sprouts in early spring. It takes 20 to 30 days to ripen.

Neat green Solitaire leaves have notches along the edges. At the end of the vegetative period, the plant forms flowers of a delicate yellow color. The aroma of greens is very strong, the taste has mustard and nutty notes. Arugula is suitable for conveyor growing method.

Variety Spartak

Arugula is rich in vitamins and essential oils. The complex of vitamins B and C increases hemoglobin and helps to reduce s alt deposits. It tolerates severe cold, and this does not affect the culture in any way. Gives a green mass early, so it is possible to cook dishes from fresh herbs. The height of the bush is not very large - only 18-23 cm.

How to grow arugula

Lettuce can be grown in two ways - in greenhouses and open ground.

In greenhouse conditions

Because the land is protected, this will ensure the harvest of arugula for a whole year. An important condition for a greenhouse is temperature. The pointer should not fall below 16 degrees. If sunny days are far behind, the salad needs artificial lighting with special lamps.

Preparing the soil before sowing:

1. Do the loosening procedure to a depth of 20 cm.
2. Clear the beds from weeds and the remains of other crops.
3. After 12 days, plow. In this way, it will be possible to destroy the weeds that have fallen into the deeper layers of the soil.
4. Harrowing. This allows moisture to linger in the soil for a long time.

At first glance it may seem that the pre-seed stages are complicated, but they are not. If you follow the instructions, the person will succeed. As a result, shoots will appear, and eventually an adult culture.

Open ground

Many gardeners and summer residents practice this particular method of growing crops. Lettuce seeds are sown from mid-spring to the end of August.The procedure is repeated every 10 days to always have fresh herbs. If the summer days are very hot, choose a site that is in the shade. Arugula does not tolerate direct sunlight.

The procedure for sowing seeds in open ground is the same as in greenhouse conditions. It is recommended to follow these rules:

• row spacing should be within 45cm;
• seed material to deepen into the soil no more than 1.5 cm;
• There must be at least 5 cm of free space around the plant.

The sowing density negatively affects the growth of each bush. Extra sprouts are removed when they have 2 leaves.

Getting seedlings

Seedling cultivation is also possible. To do this, take separate cups or a large pot. In the latter case, 30 pieces are sown. 2-3 seeds should be planted in each cup to select the strongest sprout and transplant into open soil.

Sprouts appear very quickly. When the seedlings are strong enough, they are transferred to a permanent place in open ground along with an earthen clod. For normal development, a temperature regime of 9 degrees is sufficient. To protect young seedlings from the cold, the sprouts are covered with jars and removed in the morning.

Windowsill Growing

Great alternative for city dwellers without land. If there is a balcony, this is only a plus, since pots of greenery can be taken out into the fresh air. It is recommended not to plant many sprouts in one box. For each bush, it is better to choose only one container. A special requirement that a person must comply with when growing arugula on a windowsill is in a box - its depth should not exceed 10 cm.

Rules for the care of arugula plantings

Eruka leaves begin to break off when they reach 10 cm in length. This contributes to the renewal of the culture, due to which new leaves appear. If the greens overgrow, this will affect their appearance and taste.

Juicy leaves lose their attractiveness, become hard with a lot of fibers. They are no longer fit for food.

New leaves will appear if the culture is constantly watered. Especially it needs abundant watering on hot days. Not every gardener adheres to this rule. Lack of moisture changes the taste of arugula as it becomes very bitter.

During watering, you can not pour water directly onto the plant. It must be sprayed so that the soil evenly absorbs water. For this purpose, a watering can is used. When it comes to large areas with arugula, sprinklers will come in handy.

Lay a hose between the lettuce beds and moisten the soil as needed. As a rule, this is done in the morning and in the evening, after the heat subsides. In addition to watering, the land needs plowing. This contributes to better penetration of air masses and moisture to the roots of the plant.

Fertilization

As for top dressing, it is carried out twice per season. Fertilization occurs simultaneously with watering the plants. Substances for top dressing are selected based on the ripening period of the greens. Since it stands out for its duration, manure and other mineral fertilizers are not used. Otherwise, the green mass will accumulate a large amount of toxic substances.

Nitrogen-based fertilizers are best. Chicken or cow litter is perfect for this. It is necessary to breed, observing proportions. For 25 g of the substance take at least 10 liters of water.

The salad plant has many names - arugula, indau, eruka and others. For many centuries it has been known in many countries. It is valued not only for its taste, but also for its useful properties, the ability to use it in medicine and cosmetology. Growing does not take much time, besides, it can be done on the windowsill. If the gardener tries arugula at least once, he will no longer be able to refuse it.

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