Apples White filling: description and characteristics of the variety, useful properties

The harvest of White filling apples is one of the first. Like all summer varieties, its fruits are stored little. Despite this, gardeners still grow White Pouring in their gardens to this day. Apples are eaten fresh or processed. Jams and conserves made from ripe fruits of White filling have a wonderful taste.

History of breeding and benefits of the variety

The controversy surrounding the history of the White filling variety has not subsided until now, some attribute it to folk art, others consider the success of apples to be the merit of breeders. Many gardeners mistakenly call apple trees White Pour Papaya.

Both varieties are very similar in many technical parameters and outwardly. The most common White filling in the Middle Volga region, it is considered the standard of taste there. Seedlings are grown from seeds, which are used as rootstocks, they are suitable for grafting columnar forms of apple trees.

As a parent material, White Fill was used by breeders to produce new, more promising varieties. There are about 20 of them today. A productive summer variety benefits as a stable supplier of early raw materials for summer harvesting.

Dignity of White Pouring:

low requirements for soil structure;
variety shows medium resistance to scab;
low dependence of yield on the quality of agricultural technology;
winter hardiness of flower buds and wood;
precocity.

Features of the variety: frequency of fruiting, lack of integumentary coloring. The disadvantages include friendly return of the crop, poor transportability, short storage period.

Growth region

Apple-trees of the White Bulk grow well in the Moscow region and most other Russian regions. At one time, the variety was tested and entered in the State Register. It is easier to list the regions where it is not recommended to grow White filling apple trees. Their list is quite short, it includes districts:

Far East;
Eastern Siberia;
Middle and South Urals.

Main Specifications

Description of the main parameters of the fruit crop gives gardeners information about the degree of suitability of the variety for a given climatic zone.The immune properties and winter hardiness characteristics of White filling allow us to assess possible risks, and knowing the future dimensions of the tree to choose the most suitable place in the garden.

Tree height and crown width

The trees have a size that is convenient for small gardens, they are of medium size. The height of the trunk is up to 5 meters, the width and shape of the crown changes over the years. Experienced gardeners, using dwarf rootstocks, grow shorter trees, their height ranges from 2.5 to 3 meters.

The shoots are medium in thickness, in young apple trees they form a wide pyramidal crown, which becomes rounded by the age of 7.

When planting seedlings on a vigorous rootstock, you need to take into account the size of the crown of an adult apple tree, it is very large in diameter (5-7 meters).

Root system

The characteristics of the root system directly depend on the type of rootstock.When using seedlings on vigorous rootstocks, a powerful central rod is formed near the rhizome. A highly branched form of the root system is typical for White Filling trees grown from seedlings with rootstocks:

dwarf;
semi-dwarf;
short.

Frost resistance

The concept of frost resistance of an apple tree is complex, the assessment is made when studying the resistance of a crop to cold temperatures in different periods of the winter season:

beginning;
mid;
after thaws (sharp cooling, gradual cooling).

The zoned variety has no signs of freezing in all 4 cases. Frost resistance of the White filling allows you to grow a variety in the regions of the southeast, southwest, northwest.

Immunity to diseases

A direct dependence of immunity to scab on the region of growth was noted. The overall assessment is average, but if we consider the resistance to scab in terms of geography, then in Ukraine, Stavropol and the North Caucasus, it is weak. In the Central zone of the Russian Federation - the average.

Features of ripening and fruiting

Flowering and fruiting occurs on the ringlets. The first apples begin to ripen in July 10-15. The variety is characterized by a friendly return of the crop, which becomes a real problem for many gardeners.

In especially fruitful years, there is a problem with the processing of fruits. They are stored for no more than 14-20 days, after which the pulp becomes tasteless, soft. The fruits become unsuitable for processing.

Planting and growing

White pouring should be planted in the garden. It is necessary to have a productive summer apple tree in the garden. In order for the life of the tree to be long and the yield to be high, you need:

get serious about purchasing a seedling;
select the most suitable corner of the garden for the tree;
do not make a mistake with the timing of landing;
prepare the landing pit according to all the rules.

In the south and in the snowy regions of the Central Strip of the Russian Federation, White filling is planted in the fall, in areas with little snow, it is recommended to plant seedlings in early spring.

Beginning of fruiting

Trees start bearing fruit early. Apple-trees of White filling at the age of 5-6 years give the first harvests. Trees bear fruit with proper care for at least 25 years. Crown care is essential throughout life. In its absence, the fruits shrink.

Flowering

Apple tree, strewn with large white-pink flowers, becomes a decoration of the garden. In the gardens of the Central Strip of the Russian Federation, flowers bloom with the advent of May. In the south (Stavropol Territory) and in the gardens of Ukraine, White filling blooms in April.

Terms of fruit ripening

An impressive harvest of apples is obtained from an adult apple tree. For a tree 7-12 years old, 150-200 kg of fruit per season is considered the norm. Apples ripen in the south in July 15-20, in the gardens of the middle lane - from August 10 to 20, in the southern regions of Siberia the fruits ripen after August 20.

Appearance and taste characteristics of the fruit

The apple tree is not in vain called White filling, its fruits are covered with white skin, its light green tint is almost invisible. If the fruits ripen from the south side of the crown and are well lit by the sun, then a faint blush of a pale pink color appears on them.

The taste of sweet pulp has a slight sourness. Ripe apples emit a pleasant, delicate aroma. On young trees, the size of the fruit is larger than on old ones. They weigh an average of about 150 g, and over the years they become smaller, their weight by the age of 20 does not exceed 60 g.The shape of the apples is correct, round-conical.

Useful properties determine the composition of the pulp:

up to 9% sugars;
up to 22 mg per 100 g of raw ascorbic acid.

Only having an apple tree of this variety in your garden, you can enjoy the wonderful taste of the fruit. You will not find them in the supermarket, they are stored very little and deteriorate during transportation.

Cyclical fruiting

The apple tree has sharply periodic fruiting. This, a short shelf life plus low transportability make White Pouring unattractive for commercial gardens.

Summer apples need to be harvested and quickly processed. For large families, this variety of summer apples is beneficial to have. In winter, there will always be a supply of jars of apple compotes, preserves and jams in the cellar, and in summer the table will burst with an abundance of delicious apples and apple pies, desserts.

Basic rules for caring for an apple tree White filling

Care for the apple tree traditionally. A few years after planting, they are closely engaged in the formation of the crown. Fertilizers are an essential component of care. They are introduced throughout the long life of the apple tree. At any age, watering plays an important role in the fruiting and he alth of a fruit tree.

Pollination Methods

In the absence of pollinating varieties, White filling does not bear fruit - the trees are self-fertile. There are no problems with the harvest if Antonovka, Grushovka Moscow, Ottawa, Mantet trees grow in or near the garden. Suitable as pollinators are any apple trees that bloom simultaneously with White Filling apple trees.

Treatment from pests and diseases

There are excellent preparations for sale for codling moth, aphids, apple flower beetle and leafworm. Good reviews deserve:

"Calypso";
"Binom";
Zolone.

Trees in the first years of life suffer more from the invasion of insects. Mature apple trees are more resilient, but more difficult to deal with pests due to their dense crown and high height.

High humidity (rain, fog) provokes the activity of the marsupial fungus, which causes a common disease of fruits and leaves - scab. To prevent it, every autumn they carry out preventive treatment of the bole and branches with "Zircon" or "Fitosporin".

In autumn, all damaged branches are cut and destroyed, fallen leaves are raked out and burned. The barrel is cleaned, whitened, adding a solution of copper sulfate to the whitewash. Prevention continues in the spring:

before swelling of the kidneys, the crown is treated with copper sulfate (10 l of water, 100 g of the product);
when buds open, all branches are sprayed with "Gamair";
Fructifying tree is sprayed with colloidal sulfur.

Frequency and abundance of watering

Great need for irrigation remains during the period of mass fruit set and their formation. The frequency and volume of watering depends on weather conditions and soil structure. On light soils, moisture leaves quickly, on heavy soils more slowly.

Water consumption for one irrigation for a 1-2-year-old tree is 2-3 buckets, for a fruit-bearing apple tree, the consumption is calculated by the size of the crown - 50-100 l / m². The frequency of watering for fruiting and non-fruiting trees is different.

The first ones are watered several times during the season: in the spring - before the buds open, during the opening of the buds, at the beginning of the fruiting period. Apple trees up to 5 years old are watered according to the weather every week, if the summer is hot and dry.In autumn, just before frost, apple trees of any age are watered. The last watering should be plentiful, it helps protect the roots from freezing.

Feeding

For the first 2 years, a young tree is fed from a fertile mixture of garden soil, organic matter and mineral fertilizers, which was filled in a hole during the planting of a seedling. In the third year in autumn, the apple tree is fed for the first time.

Fertilizer consumption, which will be shown in the table below, is given per 1 m². The area of the projection of the crown on the ground is taken as the basis. As the apple tree matures, it will increase in size and, accordingly, the rate of application of mineral fertilizers will increase.

Potassium chloride15g Superphosphate

Season	Name	Quantity
Spring	Urea	10g
Summer	Nitroammophoska
Autumn	Must	10 kg

	15g

From mid-July, fertilizing containing nitrogen is stopped, they reduce the frost resistance of shoots and buds, worsen the immunity of the apple tree.

Crown formation technique

When planting a seedling in the spring, the crown is formed before planting or immediately after it. If the seedling is planted in the fall, then the first formative pruning is started next spring:

the top of the central conductor is cut off at a height of 0.8 m from the root collar;
damaged shoots are cut out;
the remaining branches - the basis of the future crown, are shortened by a third of the length.

Every year in the spring before bud break and in the fall before the onset of frost, apple trees are subjected to careful sanitary pruning. With its help, the crown is maintained in a he althy state.

All branches damaged by disease and bad weather, as well as shoots growing inside the crown or perpendicularly upwards, are subject to removal. In a properly formed tree, 2-3 tiers of branches are clearly visible. The lower shoots of the apple tree should be slightly longer than the upper ones.

Preparing for winter

Harvest cannot be stored for a long time and left on a tree. It must be quickly removed from the apple tree and put into processing. In autumn, an apple tree that has rested from fruiting is prepared for winter. The trunks of young trees are wrapped with roofing paper or burlap, the trunk circle is covered with a layer of mulch (manure). In those regions where there is little snow in winter, old apple trees spud up.

Problems in cultivation

Often an apple tree that has reached fruiting age does not bloom. Suspected reasons for not having fruit:

gross mistake when planting a seedling - the root collar is buried;
lack of another variety of apple trees in the garden;
depleted soil, lack of top dressing;
disease;
insects;
crown is formed incorrectly.

On acidic soils, the yield of the White Bulk is low. The problem is solved with the help of lime. It is made no more than 1 time in 4 years. 200 g are spent on each square meter

Apples fall

Fruits fall off for various reasons. Heavy workload is one of them. In favorable weather years, too many ovaries form on the apple tree, some of them it can drop. First of all, fruits damaged by the codling moth fall from the trees. In dry summers, if watering is infrequent, the tree also drops apples.

Diseases and pests

Weakened due to poor care, apple trees are more likely to suffer from pests and infections. From insects, you need to be wary of aphids and leafworms. A fungal infection causes tangible damage to the crop. Fruit scab can significantly reduce the yield.

Starting in the spring, experienced gardeners carry out preventive treatments for powdery mildew and scab:

before the buds open, they are sprayed with "Skor" or a solution of copper sulfate;
bloomed apple trees are carefully treated with copper oxychloride;
at the end of autumn, all fruit trees are cleaned and once again treated with copper sulphate.

Signs of scab on the White Bulk: brown spots on the leaves, cracks and dark spots on the skin. In autumn, leaves from a diseased tree must be burned. Clean the area near the trunk circle and dig shallowly. Cover the trunk and large branches with a layer of lime.

Apples of the summer harvest help in the treatment of many ailments. With their help, they normalize the work of the intestines and stomach, cleanse the body of toxins, and normalize cholesterol levels. By consuming the fruits of White filling, they relieve the symptoms of gout and chronic rheumatism, strengthen the body's defenses. One White Filling apple tree is enough to satisfy the family's need for summer ripening apples.