Grapes Aleshenkin: description and characteristics of the variety, planting and care with a photo

Even a novice gardener can handle growing Aleshenkin grapes. The variety is unpretentious, withstands severe frosts, therefore it is grown on the territory of Russia, where the climate does not differ in consistently warm summers. Large clusters with tasty berries are formed when creating optimal conditions for the development of the culture. Care involves proper watering, fertilization, pruning and treatment for infections and pests.

History of selection

Grapes Aleshenkin (Aleshenkin gift) in the middle of the 20th century in Volgograd was bred by the breeder P.E. Tsekhmistrenko. He lived and worked in this city, where the winter is cold and the air temperature drops to -25 degrees. The name of the variety was given by the scientist in honor of his grandson. A new grape variety was obtained as a result of crossing the Vostok variety and Madeleine Angevin. The hybrid tolerates frost well, preserving the yield and taste of the fruit.

Initially, the variety was grown only in the southern regions, gradually spreading to the northern latitudes. With the creation of conditions, it will be possible to get a harvest on the land plots of the Moscow region.

Variety description

The purpose of creating a new variety was to increase productivity and improve the taste of berries. Description of the Aleshenka grape variety is not complete without mentioning the main characteristics:

• liana vigorous, bears fruit for 6 years;
• the branches are powerful, so they can withstand any load;
• bisexual flowers form on shoots;
• variety withstands frosts down to -25 degrees;
• berries are suitable for long-distance transportation;
• early limits of crop maturation (it takes about 114 days after the formation of the ovaries);
• ripe berries begin to be picked at the end of July, their color is yellow-green, with a slight bloom, there is also black;
• high yield allows you to harvest up to 26 kg of crop from one grape bush.

Only the ground part of the Aleshenkin Dar variety can withstand frost, the root system needs to be warmed for the winter period.

Distinguishing Features

You can distinguish a variety from other varieties of grapes by the following characteristics:

• leaves are small, smooth, with carved edges, their color is deep green;
• bunches in the form of a cone are formed in large sizes, weight about 650 g;
• oval berries are loosely packed in a bunch of grapes, each weighing up to 6g;
• almost half of the berries have no seeds inside.

The flesh of the berries is loose, very sweet and juicy. The sugar content of the variety reaches 19%. Various drinks are made from them.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantages of the Aleshenkin variety include:

• multiple yields;
• early ripening of berries under any conditions;
• good flavor and no pips;
• The variety quickly adapts after planting.

Aleshenkin grape varieties also have weaknesses:

• The roots of grapes do not tolerate frost well, so it is recommended to cover the plant during the winter months.
• Berries can become small, therefore it is recommended to treat crops with growth stimulants and carry out additional pollination of flowers by hand.
• The variety shows poor resistance to infections caused by fungi.

In order to avoid problems with the cultivation of the Aleshenkin variety, it is necessary to follow the rules and recommendations for planting, choosing the soil. Proper care is important.

Planting Aleshenkin grapes

Aleshenkin grapes are an unpretentious crop, but in order to harvest a large crop for many years, a number of requirements must be observed. On the site you need to choose places that are free for access to sunlight. It is better to plant near buildings that will protect the plant from through winds.

The soil should be fertile, light, with neutral acidity. If the soil is acidic, liming is carried out.

An important step is to choose a quality seedling:

• If seedlings with an open root system are bought, then attention is paid to its color. The lighter the branches, the better. You can determine the freshness of the shoots by the color of the cut. If the roots of a dark shade are on the cut, then the product is not of high quality.
• He althy shoots are brown, but the color is light when cut.
• The leaves that remain on the handle should be even and smooth. In the presence of bumps and growths, it is worth suspecting the presence of an infection or pests.

12-14 days before planting the grapes, the land is dug up. It is best to start planting in the spring so that the plant has time to get used to and take root:

• Pre-dig holes with a depth and width of 65-75 cm at a distance of at least one meter.
• Drainage is installed at the bottom of each dug hole, for example, from crushed stone or expanded clay. In the case of a close passage of groundwater, the drainage layer is made up to 25 cm.
• Then fertilizer is added to provide additional nourishment to the young seedling. After that, a layer of earth is covered and watered with warm water.

The stalk is planted in the prepared hole and a support is established, sprinkled with earth, lightly compacted and watered again. After three days, watering is repeated. Then mulching is carried out. A layer of mulch (moss, straw, dry leaves, sawdust is chosen as mulch) will not allow moisture to evaporate quickly.

Care Tips

Caring for Aleshenkin grapes consists in proper watering, loosening and weeding of the soil around each bush, treatment from pests and diseases. Apart from these items, the most basic requirement is the pruning of the vine.

Irrigation

Immediately after planting the seedling, watering is carried out every two weeks, counting on each root 4 liters of warm water. Waterlogging of the soil must not be allowed, otherwise the roots will rot.

Fertilization

If fertilizers were applied during planting, then the stock will last for the coming years.Grapes perceive organic and mineral components well. Solutions based on humus, mullein, wood ash, superphosphate, potassium s alt are suitable. Fertilizers should be applied in the spring before flowering and during the formation of ovaries.

In the spring, as soon as the shelter is removed, a support is installed near the young seedling and a vine is tied up. The first feeding is carried out before the appearance of buds. It is recommended to use a solution based on chicken manure. The component is mixed with water in a ratio of 1:2 and left to infuse for a week.

Before use, dilute with water in a ratio of 1:10. The resulting solution is poured into a groove specially dug around the trunk. Potash fertilizers are recommended to improve the taste of berries. A lot of potassium is found in wood ash. It can be applied dry, in which case the consumption is one bucket for each root. An infusion is made on the basis of wood ash.The ashes are poured with water and insisted for three days.

Formation

The formation of a bush is necessary to increase productivity and good development of vines. Pruning of each branch before fruiting is carried out up to 14-16 buds. The vine that was harvested last year is pruned to the 3rd bud. Each bush should have 40 eyes. Every spring, before the buds begin to swell, they begin to remove dry, damaged branches. They slow down the development of the bush and absorb nutrients.

Shelter for the winter

In order for the grapes to successfully winter, you need to prepare. Creepers are removed from the support, tied, bent to the ground and covered with foil. All actions are carried out in dry, clear weather in mid-October, early November.

If the air temperature is more than 0 degrees, a greenhouse effect will be created inside the shelter, which is bad for the condition of the plant. The film is covered with earth and mulched.

Methods of reproduction

Reproduction of Aleshenkin grapes occurs in three ways:

1. Seeds are grown only for industrial purposes. Grapes grown from seeds lose their original characteristics. To improve the quality, it is necessary to graft a vine. This process delays the start of fruiting.
2. It is easiest to propagate a variety with cuttings. The grapes have to be pruned annually to control their growth. Therefore, young shoots remain, which are used for planting. In order for the plant to take root, each cutting must have at least four buds. Before planting, each cutting is disinfected with copper sulfate.
3. Propagation by layering is carried out in the spring, when there is an active growth of branches. The largest lash is dug in with earth, after which it is watered with growth stimulants. Full rooting occurs in 3-4 weeks.

When creating good conditions and following all the requirements for the care of cuttings and grape layering, they begin to bear fruit in a couple of years.

About diseases and pests

The Aleshenkin grape variety is attacked by pests and is not resistant to major infections. Dangerous pests for the Aleshenkin grape variety are: leafworm, grape mite, marble beetle. Of the diseases, the plant is most often infected with mildew, oidium. Experienced gardeners recommend for preventive purposes twice a year (preferably in June and July) to treat grapes with solutions based on drugs such as Topaz, Horus, Ridomil Gold, Stroviy, Fufanon.

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