Grapes Riddle Sharov: variety description and characteristics, planting and care with photo

When breeding grapes Riddle Sharov, agricultural technicians tried to create a disease-resistant hybrid intended for cultivation in different conditions, not always favorable for shrubs. The variety develops intensively, grows well and actively bears fruit. For its pollination, additional conditions are not needed: the plant copes with this on its own.

History of the species

The secret of the name is revealed simply: the hybrid was bred by the well-known amateur breeder in the USSR R. F. Sharov, who took 3 varieties as the basis for the new species: Far East 60, Magarach 352 and Tukay.Riddle Sharov is considered a tried and tested variety, it has been grown since 1972. Rostislav Fedorovich lived in Altai, so most of the hybrids that he managed to breed and give to people are intended for cultivation in the harsh conditions of Siberia and the Urals. As a result of experiments, modern gardeners harvest sweet tasty berries, regardless of the region where they are located - both in the Moscow region and in Kamchatka.

Description of variety and external parameters

The hybrid inherited the main features and characteristics of the "progenitor" - the Far Eastern 60 variety. In that one, the frost resistance index reaches -40 degrees, in the "son" it is a little less - only -32.

The vitality is amazing, the bush quickly starts to let out long strong shoots, on which bunches are then densely tied.

Classic 5-lobed leaves, small and neat, deep green.The plant is bisexual, both female and male flowers ripen on it. On each shoot, 2-3 inflorescences ripen, the bunch is medium, weighing up to 300 grams (less often up to half a kilogram). The berry is dark blue, close to black in color, spherical, up to 3 grams.

Tender, with a well-balanced sugar content, slightly reminiscent of garden berries. Sharov's riddle does not grow peas, ripens in 110 days, hangs on the vine for a long time without damage to the fruit, tolerates transportation well.

Bushes and shoots

Bush of large size, with strong, but not thick, shoots (up to 3 meters long). Clusters are branched or winged, medium-sized. It has been experimentally proven that the Riddle favorably perceives the stemless formation in a multi-arm way, tolerates pruning. Even the fact that the vine does not fully ripen is perceived as a virtue: in the fall, everything superfluous is removed, including unripe berries.The cut bush takes cover before the winter season, tolerates cold well.

Leaves and blooms

The leaf of the variety has the correct shape with 5 petals, it is bright green, not pubescent, smooth. Fruiting of the shoots occurs quickly, each blooms 2-3 flowers. The grapes are bisexual, both female and male inflorescences ripen in it. There will be no problems with pollination, there is no need to specially plant special plants near the bush for this purpose.

Yield and hron size

Sharov's Riddle maintains a stable crop of ripe, uniform sized berries. The clusters cannot be called large, but they have a regular, conical shape. The usual weight of the brush is 300 grams, there are specimens of 500 and even 600. It depends on the growing conditions: in a warm climate, the bush bears fruit better, and the crowns grow larger.

In confirmation of the declared yield is the fact that a 6-year-old bush with 10-12 shoots produces up to 10 kilograms of grapes. Connoisseurs say that the berry, not taken on time, becomes sweeter, and its taste becomes soft and complete. The fruits of the Riddle are stored in standard boxes before transportation or conservation - they easily tolerate such procedures. Berries can safely lie in a container for up to 3 months.

Appearance and taste of the berry

The berry is not the largest, with a well-defined round shape, the color is blue almost to black (when ripe). Location in grons of medium density, the shape of the brush is a cone smoothly tapering to the bottom. The heart is juicy and sweet. The peel is dense, but not hard, the taste is almost not felt. The top is covered with a light waxy coating.

Inside the pulp are 2-3 bones, the sugar content is up to 22%. The mass of the berry is about 3 grams, it almost does not shrink with the age of the bush.

Pollination

Sharov's Riddle does not need additional pollination, coping well on its own: thanks to bisexual flowers, the variety fertilizes itself.

Methods of reproduction

The variety is propagated by cuttings planted in the ground, or used as a stock for other types of grapes. In this case, a new hybrid with stable characteristics is obtained.

Frost resistance

Kind is not afraid of the cold. He inherited such signs from the progenitor, the Far East 60 variety, known for its endurance. The riddle calmly endures frost down to -32 (34) degrees. In warm areas, it is not covered for the winter, this is not a mandatory measure.

Immunity to diseases

Unfortunately, the variety is susceptible to common grape diseases such as fungi and downy mildew. To successfully resist diseases, they carry out prevention, spraying with chemicals, as well as pre-winter pruning of damaged branches and leaves.

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

Sharov's riddle justifies its ambiguous name - it contains both advantages and flaws. The grapes are productive, tasty, sweet, early ripe and frost-resistant. The variety grows wherever there is soil, enough heat and sun - this is a clear plus.

The creator of the hybrid has done tremendous work to preserve and enhance the qualities of the progenitors, obtaining a universal variety. And he succeeded. Among the shortcomings, weak immunity to diseases - fungal and mildew.

Optimal growing conditions

Grapes were bred in the Altai Territory, where the winter temperature drops below 20 degrees below zero, so the spread of growing zones is quite large. Sharov's riddle grows in the Middle Strip, in the cold climate of the Urals and Siberia, there are cases of cultivation in the extreme conditions of the Far East (in greenhouses).

In the southern regions, the combination of light and heat is more preferable for berries - there it ripens faster, better. The task of the gardener is to provide the bush with the necessary planting site, sun, fertilizer and time for the grapes to ripen (110 days).

How to plant grapes

For planting cuttings, a classic scheme is used: in a place selected, protected from drafts, it is necessary to dig a shallow trench (for row planting) or a hole (for a single one). A prerequisite is good drainage. To do this, large stones, gravel, broken bricks are placed at the bottom.

You can use pieces of perforated tubing buried vertically or plastic bottles: they will supply nutrient mixture, water for irrigation.

Required soil composition

Mystery, like other varieties, is sensitive not to the very composition of the soil, the presence of minerals and nutrients in it, but to the fraction.Heavy, clayey, with stagnant water soils are not suitable categorically. The laying of the initial dose of fertilizers is carried out during planting, when a soil mixture is created from humus and soil. Do not use fresh humus, it can burn the roots of the seedling.

Seedling selection

Due to the good viability of the variety, there are no special restrictions for choosing a seedling: it can be one or two years old, but the main thing is to be he althy, not affected by pests and diseases. Breeding by cuttings is allowed, but the first option is preferable.

Seating chart

When planting seedlings, the standard scheme is observed: the distance between them is up to 3 meters, away from tall, shading plants. The bush is immersed deep in the ground, leaving a pair of buds above the surface. When choosing a place, 2 conditions must be met: a lot of sun and no drafts.

Fertilizer and watering young grapes

The riddle is unpretentious: all the necessary substances are laid when planting a seedling. A developed root system allows you to find the elements required for the growth of a bush in the ground. In order to evenly distribute the load on the fragile stem, shoots are removed during the first year, leaving one strong one. Such a radical pruning allows you to strengthen the plant, strengthen it.

Irrigation is carried out regularly, but without excessive fanaticism, so as not to soak the roots.

Features of caring for the variety Sharov's Riddle

Since the bush develops quickly, it produces a lot of shoots, you will need to make sure that they do not create a shadow, do not interfere with the growth of the vine.

Be sure to lift and tie branches to racks or wire, which grow up to 4 meters during the season.

In a humid climate, in order to comply with the ventilation conditions, excessively thick foliage is removed from the bush.For the prevention and detection of traces of pests, diseases, they are treated with chemicals Omite, Prokleim or Nitrafen. To avoid mildew, it is enough to prune growing stepchildren in time.

When the clusters ripen, they are additionally stimulated by spraying with preparations containing colloidal sulfur, potassium permanganate. It is recommended, despite the obvious frost resistance, to remove the vines from hangers for the winter, cut the bush, lay it on the ground and cover it with soil, compost, snow.

Soil loosening

To ensure breathability, and in order to prevent pest larvae hiding in the ground, loosening of the root zone is used. It can be combined with top dressing with organics or minerals - so the substances get to their destination faster.

Feeding

Grapes are unpretentious, but any care will be accepted with gratitude, pouring juice into ripe, heavy bunches. Top dressing consists in adding a couple of buckets of humus under the bush - not often, once every few years. Universal fertilizer - simple wood ash that suits all varieties.

Shaping the bush and pinching

Due to the abundant growth of shoots, the bush needs pruning, sometimes almost radical. It is especially important to do this in the very first year of plant growth so as not to overload the weak root system and stem. Subsequently, when the plant began to bear fruit, you can start shaping the sleeves, directing them as needed. Pinching on Enigma is not practiced, he develops quite well without it.

Preparing vines for wintering

General preparation is reduced to cutting branches, especially old ones, damaged by pests and diseases, to a minimum. The vines are removed from the supports, bent to the ground, wrapped. For the southern regions, shelter is practically not used; in the Middle Strip and cold regions it is mandatory. The vine laid on the ground is covered with earth, mulch, after precipitation - with snow.

Berry ripening dates

Berries ripen 110 days after bud set, in warm, favorable conditions this may happen earlier. When grown in a greenhouse, this period can be reduced by 20-30 days. Taste quality, as it ripens, improves significantly. The riddle allows some delay in collection, this will only benefit the bouquet, it will become fuller and sweeter.

Harvest and storage of crops

The variety brings up to 10 kilograms of ripe fruits from the bush, thanks to the dense peel, the clusters are well stored. According to some reports, Sharov's Riddle can lie after harvest for up to 3 months without any changes in taste and appearance.

Prevention from pests and diseases

Grapes are susceptible to the main disease of all varieties - mildew. For prevention, pruning is carried out, removal of damaged fragments.The bush is treated with fungicidal compounds (Bordeaux liquid), Omite preparations and the like. Spraying is used not only at the first signs of a disease or injury, but also for prevention.

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