Black cherry: description and characteristics of the best varieties, planting and crop care

Despite the fact that many varieties of cherries have been bred, which take root and bear fruit not only in Ukraine, Moldova, the southern regions of Russia, but also in the central regions, black cherries do not give up their positions. From sweet and sour berries, compotes are closed for the winter, fragrant jams and preserves are prepared, which are much tastier than from cherries. Hybrid cherries with large juicy fruits were bred by selection by Voronchikhin, crossing different types of horticultural crops.

Black cherry varieties

The tree grows 4-5 meters in height, forms a wide pyramidal crown.Leaves are attached to thick petioles, flowers appear in the third year of planting. At the end of July, dark-colored berries, weighing about 6 g, ripen on the branches of black cherries. More than a dozen varieties of this variety of a garden plant are cultivated.

Vladimir Cherry

In the Middle Volga region, in the central regions of the North-West of Russia, in the Volga-Vyatka region, a tall and self-fertile variety, the Vladimir cherry, has been planted for a very long time. The tree tolerates cold winters normally, but frosts, which often come in May, crumble and die flowers.

Berries of a black-red hue, with dense fragrant pulp, ripen by the end of July. Small bones separate well. With proper care and favorable weather, about 20 kg of sweet and sour berries ripen on the tree. The plant is often affected by fungal diseases, bears fruit up to 15 years, if planted next to cherry trees that bloom at the same time.

Griot Rossoshansky

In the North Caucasus and the Lower Volga region, a stone fruit variety takes root well, which is not afraid of rot, gives a stable harvest, which increases if other black cherries grow nearby. From a tree about 6 meters high in the last days of June, 15-16 kg of berries are harvested, which differ:

• sweet taste;
• beautiful dark skin;
• juicy and tender pulp;
• garden scent.

Griot Rossoshansky cherries are poorly transported, but are suitable for harvesting jams and compotes. The plant is often exposed to coccomycosis, repeated spraying with fungicides helps to prevent the onset of the disease.

Zhukovskaya Cherry

The trees of this variety begin to bloom and delight with large berries already in the fourth year after planting. The flesh of the fruit is black. The advantages of Zhukovskaya cherries include:

• high yield - up to 3 buckets per tree;
• great taste;
• excellent transportability;
• resistance to major diseases.

One berry weighs about 7 grams, and the tree bears fruit for two decades, but the inflorescences crumble even with slight frosts.

Rossosh Black

And in the favorable climate of the North Caucasus, the Lower Volga region, and in the harsh conditions of Siberia and the Trans-Urals, a self-fertile variety of stone fruit crops - Rossoshanskaya Black cherry - takes root. The first berries appear on a three-year-old tree, an adult plant pleases with a harvest of 15 to 25 kg. Although flowers appear late, fruits ripen as early as June.

Cherries look very beautiful, have a rich brown color, the pulp is very pleasant to the taste. Berries that are normally transported make fragrant compotes.

Black Large

Hybrid cherry, which appeared not without the participation of the Russian breeder Voronchikhin, is a low tree with a dense crown and long shoots. The bark of the plant is dark brown in color, and the leaves are glossy, with small teeth along the edges.

Large cherry has:

• thin skinned;
• juicy pulp;
• rich color;
• sweet and sour taste.

Some specimens weigh 8 g. The tree begins to bear fruit from the age of four. Cherries ripen in the last days of June, do not spoil in the refrigerator for about 2 months and are used for freezing, drying, making compotes and jams.

The variety has not only advantages, but also disadvantages. The tree lives less than 20 years, is affected by fungi.

Morel Bryanskaya

This type of cherry originated in the Netherlands over 2 centuries ago. Depending on the variety, it can grow both as a shrub and as a tree with a lush crown. Morel is planted in dachas and gardens. The unpretentious culture tolerates cold winters well, does not suffer from fungal diseases, from most pests. Such varieties are sprayed with insecticides only once a season.

Morel Bryanskaya is grown on an industrial basis in the Central region.

Description of the variety interested farmers. Cherry pleases with sweet berries that have a dark red color and have dense pulp. Picking fruits, cutting branches is quite convenient, because the tree does not stretch up. The plant blooms at the end of May, when frosts are rare, so for proper care it will thank you for an excellent harvest.

Consumer Black

The low beautiful cherry, whose slightly flattened berries seem to be varnished, does not lose popularity. A variety called Black consumer goods was bred in a nursery founded by Ivan Michurin at the beginning of the last century.

The first fruits on the tree are tied in the second year after planting in the ground. In July, cherries ripen, differing:

• tender and firm flesh;
• sweet taste;
• the presence of sourness.

The completely black berries weigh about 4 g, they are located on a long stalk. The yield of the variety increases if cherries grow nearby - Vladimirskaya or Zhukovskaya. The tree does not tolerate cold winters, it suffers from May frosts.

Memory of Voronchikhina

When crossing Spectacular and Prima, Russian breeders at the beginning of the 2000s bred a new variety of black cherries, named after one of them. A tree up to 5 meters high has a spreading crown, straight shoots with large buds, thick oval leaves.

Dark cherry berries weighing a little more than 5 g, the flesh has the same color, dense skin. The bone is separated with difficulty. The variety Memory Voronchikhina bears fruit in the third year, under favorable conditions, from 2 to 3 buckets of berries ripen on the tree. Cherry is cultivated in the Central Black Earth region. In cold winters, the plant practically does not freeze slightly, it is rarely affected by moniliosis. Trees bloom early, berries ripen by the end of June.

Chocolate Girl

Several decades ago, Russian scientists, based on two varieties of Lyubskaya and Shirpotreb, bred a cherry that is not afraid of frost, bears fruit from the age of three, has high transportability, which allows it to be grown for industrial purposes.

Dark chocolate-colored berries contain more than 12% sugar and less than 2% acid. The stone is easily separated from the pulp.

A tree about 2.5 m high has a compact and attractive crown, blooms after May 15th. The advantages of chocolate cherries include:

• drought tolerance;
• self-fertile;
• excellent presentation;
• tastes good.

The plant feels good on illuminated slopes, loves fertile light soil, does not tolerate acidic soil where water stagnates. The variety often suffers from diseases that affect stone fruits.

Anthracite

Small cherry trees with spreading crowns adorn dachas and suburban areas in the central regions of Russia.Berries in the form of a heart and black as coal weigh up to 5 grams, are valued for their sweet and sour taste, because the bone can be separated from the juicy pulp without problems. Cherry Anthracite cannot boast of high yields. The fruits ripen in the last ten days of July, are suitable for making compotes and jams, do not wrinkle during transportation, do not lose their presentation.

Features of planting black cherries

In order for stone fruit crops not to be affected by diseases, to please with sweet and large berries, agrotechnical requirements for care and planting must be observed. Be sure to pay attention to choosing a place where the black cherry will be comfortable. Trees do not like shade, they must be protected from drafts and piercing winds.

Seedlings are sent to prepared soil at the very beginning of spring, until the buds wake up after the winter cold. Having dug up the ground, they bring in organic matter, it needs about 15 kg per square meter. m. The pit must be made to a depth of 50-60 cm, wide - up to a meter.

Before planting, the tree is sent into the water with Kornevin, where it is kept for about 10 hours. Cherry varieties should be chosen only those that are suitable for cultivation in this region.

For the seedling to take root:

1. A peg about 1.5 m high is driven into the pit.
2. Ash, soil and humus are put on the bottom.
3. The tree is placed in a small mound, leaving the neck 5 cm above the soil surface.
4. The roots are sprinkled with earth and watered.
5. The seedling is tied to a peg, the soil is compacted near it.

The soil is covered with compost or humus with a layer of about 70 mm. Thanks to mulching, moisture will evaporate less.

Care

In order for the cherry to develop quickly, to please with large and sweet berries, it must be taken care of. The ground around young trees should be regularly weeded and loosened. They need more moisture than mature plants. During drought, seedlings are irrigated three times a month.

Cherries that are already fruiting are being watered:

• when ovaries are formed;
• when laying new buds;
• before winter sets in.

Every 2 years the trees are fed with organic matter and mineral fertilizers. To form a crown, in early spring they resort to pruning using a garden knife. Be sure to remove the branches that grow inside the cherry trunk, shorten the shoots, which are longer than 50-40 cm.

Cold and wet weather provokes the development of moniliosis in trees. Brown spots, appearing on the leaves, quickly move to the trunk and berries.

Stone fruits are often infected with fungi that cause coccomycosis. In diseased trees, brown dots form, which spread to the fruits, and they turn black and dry.To prevent the occurrence of dangerous diseases in cherries, spraying when the leaves bloom with Bordeaux liquid, treatment with the Skor fungicide after the inflorescences fall off helps.

Garden trees suffer from the invasion of weevils, aphids, codling moths. To combat parasites in early spring, use Nitrafen or Actellik.

To prevent rodents from damaging young plants, for the winter the trunks are wrapped with synthetic fabric or covered with pine needles.

Recommended