Miracle cherry: description of the hybrid variety, planting and care and crop pollinators

Cherry with juicy, sweet berries are thermophilic. Cherries are more cold-resistant, give fragrant, but sour fruits. Cherry and sweet cherry hybrids have smoothed out the shortcomings of the "parents": frost-resistant trees give generous harvests of dessert berries. Miracle Cherry is the most successful and popular variety among amateur gardeners, obtained as a result of selection work with cherries and cherries.

History of selection and region of growth

Duke Miracle cherry - the result of crossing Valery Chkalov cherries and Griot Ostmeisky cherries. Cherevishnia was bred by breeders A.I. Sychev, L.I. Taranenko at the Artemovskaya research station in the Donetsk region.The new variety was named for its excellent taste, high yield, unpretentiousness to grow.

The most favorable environment for the growth of the variety is the southern regions of the European part of Russia. Fans of the hybrid grow it in the conditions of the Moscow region, despite the freezing of flower buds and cadmium during cold winters.

Characteristics of the variety and taste of the berry

Miracle cherry combined the best "parental" qualities in terms of growth, yield, fruit quality. Cherries are highly resistant to pests.

Characteristic features of the variety:

• trunk height - from 3 to 4 meters;
• crown looks like a cherry;
• spreading method of branching, like a sweet cherry;
• the leaf is dense, like a cherry, similar in color and shape to a cherry;
• laying flower buds - on one-year increments, on bouquet branches;
• berries - 7 to 10 grams, dark red.

Pulp of the fruit is red, juicy, sweet, with cherry flavor.

Like most hybrids, the duke is not capable of self-pollination.

For the formation of ovaries, it is necessary to plant pollinators, the best of which will be cherries (with the exception of the "parent").

According to the description of the listed properties, the variety is considered the best among duks and is widely used.

Frost resistance

Wood withstands frost periods with temperatures of 15-20 degrees. With a stronger cold snap, flower buds suffer. When grown in the conditions of the Moscow region, the Middle Strip, the hybrid must be covered - both the root system and the crown.It is necessary to form a crown below the varietal level, in order to be able to save from frostbite.

Immunity

The main enemies of cherries and sweet cherries are fungal infections of leaves, flowers and cherry fly. The plant, due to the loss of foliage, enters the winter weakened, reduces the yield and quality of the fruit. The cherry fly is a pest whose larvae feed on ripe fruits.

Duke Miracle cherry is resistant to the listed mycotic lesions. It is not affected to such an extent by pests, but spring treatment with antifungal agents is necessary for prevention. From the cherry fly, digging the soil under the trees, spraying the green ovaries helps.

Ripening dates and abundance of harvest

Duc inherited Valery Chkalov's early fruitfulness and stable yield from sweet cherries. The berries acquire removable maturity one month after the end of pollination. After a week or two (depending on weather conditions) - consumer ripeness.

Removable maturity means that the berries have acquired varietal characteristics in color, size, they can be transported and stored for 5-7 days. But the fruits have a real taste when they reach consumer maturity. Ripe, juicy fruits are stored in the refrigerator for no more than 2 days, during which they must be processed or eaten.

Yield depends on weather conditions in winter and during flowering. Temperatures below 25 degrees, as well as spring frosts, can damage flower buds. On average, up to 15 kilograms of berries are harvested from one tree for 4-5 years after planting.

The period of flowering and pollination

Cherry is an early ripe variety. In the south, flowering begins before May 15, in the northern regions - in late May-early June. At this time, flower buds are just appearing in cherries. The cherry blossom period Iput, Annushka, Yaroslavna coincides with the appearance of buds on the Duke, which makes them the most suitable for pollination.

Like all cherries, flowers on the hybrid open and fade almost simultaneously. The pollination period is 10 days. Rainy weather, cold weather, lack of bees, calm weather affect the yield.

Duke Care Rules

The hybrid is unpretentious in care, but compliance with the rules of agricultural technology will create comfortable conditions for its growth and ensure sustainable fruiting.

Reproduction

Cherries are planted with one-two-year-old seedlings. Young trees should have a smooth, dark brown trunk, a developed root system. Roots at the break - be white.

Seat selection and boarding

The Miracle Cherry variety needs sun in the spring and summer. The site for seedlings should be well lit during the day, without shading.

In the northern regions, the plant is planted in places protected from spring drafts and icy autumn-winter winds. In the southern regions, it is important to avoid overdrying the soil.

Miracle cherry grows well on light, fertile soils that allow the formation of a powerful root system. Sands and clays mixed with humus, chernozems are optimal soil compositions.

Cherries, cherries and their hybrids do not grow well with high groundwater. In such areas, when planting a duke, it will be necessary to create an artificial hill from fertile land.

When planting a seedling, it is required to create conditions for root survival. The planting hole is prepared in the fall, if it is known where the duke will grow, or one to two weeks in the spring. The pit should have a depth of up to 50 centimeters, a diameter of 80-60 centimeters. The fertile layer is preserved, the clay is removed.

The soil mixture for backfilling the pit consists of a fertile layer, two-year-old rotted manure or compost from last year's foliage, sand. Mineral additives are added to the organic part: phosphate and nitrate fertilizers (application according to the instructions).If the soil is acidic, then add dolomite flour.

The prepared composition is mixed and the planting hole is filled with it by 60% in the form of a mound. A wooden support is installed in the center of the pit. Damaged roots are removed from the seedling, carefully placed on a loose elevation in a hole next to the support.

The depth of the landing is determined using a rail laid along the diameter of the pit. The root neck - the place where the roots grow from - should rise 6-7 centimeters above the soil level. The earth that will be covered with roots will eventually settle, and the roots will be at the right depth.

Sprinkle the roots with an earthen mixture and soak with water to compact the soil and take root in 2 doses: 10 liters at a time. After the first watering, fill up the rest of the earth. Attach the trunk to the support with a rope sparing knot.

Water frequency

Dukes are quite drought resistant. Growth on porous soils, a powerful root system create the necessary prerequisites for this. Nevertheless, an adult plant is responsive to watering during flowering, pouring fruits. In the absence of precipitation in September-October, watering is necessary after the foliage is dropped.

Seedlings are watered every 7 days the first month after planting. Then the interval is increased to 10-14 days in the next month. Further watering depends on the amount of precipitation and air temperature. For watering a young tree, 20 liters of water once is enough to wet the soil near the roots.

In addition to watering, caring for a one-two-year-old plant consists in loosening the soil over the planting hole, mulching with hay, dry peat.

For mature plants, excessive moisture will do more harm than underwatering.

Water compacts the soil, which disrupts aeration. With sufficient rainfall, additional irrigation is carried out no more than 4 times during the growing season. The amount of water is from 30 to 60 liters, depending on age, crown volume and trunk height.

Watering is recommended along two circular grooves at a distance of half a meter and a meter from the trunk. The depth of the furrow is 10 centimeters. Another option for watering is in the holes, along the radius of the crown projection. It is obligatory to loosen, mulch the soil, remove weeds.

Feeding

It is not recommended to get involved in plant nutrition, especially organic and nitrogen fertilizers. The nutrients laid in the planting pit will last the tree for 3 years. Subsequently, potash-phosphorus fertilizers are applied to the soil when watering at the end of flowering and nitrogen fertilizers in the fall.

Excess fertilizer during root feeding will cause increased growth of the trunk and branches. The plant will reduce the consumption of nutrients for fruiting. In addition, a deviation from the growing season will lead to the immaturity of the wood and the growth of the trunk and branches. Winter frosts will damage the cadmium, causing the death of the tree.

Pruning and crown shaping

Immediately after planting, the seedling is left with a shoot no more than 2/3 meters. The skeletal branches are cut by a third so that they obey the central conductor. Pruning is performed on the kidney. Crown formation continues for subsequent years.

Trim target:

• create a hemispherical crown;
• remove competitors to the central conductor;
• get rid of thickening;
• reduce growth.

The hemispherical shape of the crown creates the best conditions for ventilation, lighting, heating. To obtain it, long branches are cut to lateral growth, which, in turn, is shortened by about a third - to a dormant bud.

Vertical growing branches or tops do not have fruit buds, without removal they will form a second trunk. Cut into a ring.

Branches from skeletal branches are directed both outside and inside the crown. All annual shoots are removed inside on the ring.

Suspend the growth of a tree helps to change the angle of departure of skeletal branches from the trunk: from sharp to horizontal. To do this, young branches are deflected from the trunk and fixed in this position with the help of a load or tension.

Preparing for winter

So that the tree does not freeze or suffer from rodents, several methods are used:

• trunk circle mulched with dry grass;
• the trunk near the ground is wrapped with burlap, spruce branches;
• before the onset of severe cold, they cover the crown with burlap.

You can save a young tree by covering it completely with snow. But at the same time, it is necessary to ensure that an ice crust does not form after the thaw, which does not allow air to pass through.

Spread variety

In the 90s, more than 30 varieties of winter-hardy duks were bred.

Hybrids have shown not only resistance to low temperatures, but also good yields combined with excellent fruit taste.

Gardeners in the Moscow and Leningrad regions, in the Middle Strip, the southern regions of the European part, the Urals, Siberia and the Far East fell in love with the new varieties.

Duke Spartan

Crown height - up to 3 meters. Frost resistant wood. Not susceptible to fungal infections. Productivity - up to 15 kilograms. The size of juicy, sweet and sour fruits is up to 7 grams. Does not bear fruit without a pollinator. Successfully grown in the southern regions of Western Siberia.

Variety Komsomolskaya

The tree gives the first harvest in the second year after planting. The maximum height of the trunk does not exceed 4 meters. The variety does not freeze out in the conditions of the Moscow region. Fruits - up to 4 grams, with sourness, ripen simultaneously in early July. It needs pollinators to bear fruit.

Excellent Veniaminova

Duke begins to bear fruit in the 4th year in the presence of pollinators. Blossoms in the second half of May, the fruits ripen in early July. The berries are red, the average weight is 6 grams, the flesh is pink, the juice is colorless. The height of the pyramidal crown is up to 6 meters. Flower buds die at prolonged temperatures below 25 degrees. The variety is widely used in the southern regions, in the Khabarovsk Territory.

Torch

Frost-resistant variety, easy to breed, as it does not grow above 3 meters. High-yielding, with large, sweet and sour fruits. Planted next to the pollinator. Zoned in the Leningrad region, Central Chernozem region.

Night

New variety. Resistant to temperatures down to -30 degrees. Harvest begins to be harvested a year after planting. Fruits are large, sweet, with dense pulp, are stored for a long time.Requires a pollinator. Fruiting starts from July 15. Grows in the gardens of the Moscow region, in the southern regions of the Khabarovsk Territory.

Rubynovka

Short tree, up to 2 meters. The variety is partially self-fertile, which allows you to get a stable yield of up to 15 kilograms in the absence of pollinators. Can be grown in northern regions where cherries and sweet cherries do not grow.

Hope

Strong tree, up to 6 meters high, with spreading crown. Productivity is high, regardless of winter frosts. Not susceptible to coccomycosis, resistant to moniliosis. Dark red, with a cherry aroma, the fruits ripen in mid-July. The variety does not self-pollinate, it is zoned in the Khabarovsk Territory.

Ivanovna

The height of the trunk is up to 3 meters, the crown is spherical. Sweet-sour, burgundy berries ripen in late July on bouquet branches. The tree withstands prolonged low temperatures without compromising yields in orchards in the Central European part, Western Siberia.

Effective

The height of the trunk does not exceed 3 meters. The fruits are sweet and sour, with a cherry flavor, weighing up to 8 grams, ripen in the last days of June-early July in the presence of pollinators nearby. The wood is susceptible to frost, which leads to the death of the duke. Distributed in the Krasnodar, Stavropol Territory.

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