Pear Nika: description and characteristics of the variety, planting and care, crop storage

Nika pear has a lot of positive qualities. It belongs to the young varieties. It received the main distribution in the Black Earth region. Currently, many gardeners plant a tree on their plots. The fruits of the variety contain a large amount of sugar and vitamin C. They are consumed fresh and also processed.

History of Breeding

The variety is considered relatively new. It was developed in 2002, later it entered the state register of Russia. At the moment it is grown in the Black Earth region. A group of breeders from the Michurin Agricultural Institute worked on its breeding.Nika was obtained by crossing varieties Talgar beauty and Daughter of the dawn.

Description and characteristics of a pear

Description and characteristics of a tree includes several points: height, pollinators, frost resistance, fruiting, life cycle, fruit description.

Important! Variety Nika is considered one of the best selection results.

Pollinator varieties

Nika is partially self-fertile. If planted alone, it will give only a third of the possible harvest. It is recommended to plant it near pollinators to increase the yield. These include:

Duchesse;
Feria;
Bererussian;
Williams.

Tree height

Nika's pear reaches a height of about 3 meters. Forms a spherical crown with sparse branching. Uniform growth of branches is a distinctive feature of the variety.

Lifespan

The average lifespan of a tree is 15 years. Subject to the rules of agricultural technology, the creation of favorable conditions, and anti-aging pruning, it is possible to extend the life of a pear for a couple of years.

Winter hardiness

Nika is distinguished by its winter hardiness. It easily tolerates temperatures down to -38°C. This property manifests itself by the third year of life, until this age it is recommended to mulch and cover the tree trunk.

Yields

Nika variety gives high yields. Fruiting begins at 5 - 6 years of vegetation. After season 2, the tree shows stability in the number of fruits. About 50 kg of pears are removed from one pear. Periodic pruning and thinning of the crown increases the number of fruits.

Cyclical fruiting

The tree begins to bear fruit at the age of 5.The first 2 - 3 years, the number of fruits is different. Then the yield levels off, and the pear gives regular high yields. Flowering occurs in early May, during the whole season there is an ovary and fruit filling. Harvesting takes place in September. The fruits ripen for another 2 weeks.

Disease resistance

The plant has a high immunity to scab and fungal diseases. This reduces the number of chemical sprays to be carried out.

Fetal description

Pear fruits are cone-shaped. The sizes are large, weight is about 200 g. The skin is thin, dense, green with red spots when harvested. The harvest is left to ripen for 2 weeks, after which the peel becomes yellow. The flesh is creamy, firm, grainy.

Important! Harvested pears are stored for about 4 months, tolerate transportation well, are suitable for cultivation for sale, and are quickly sold out.

Pros and cons of the variety

Nika has its advantages and disadvantages. The positives include:

high yield;
partial self-fertility;
high yield;
winter hardiness;
unpretentious care;
fungal resistance;
high palatability of fruits;
transportability.

Among the shortcomings, the desirable presence of pollinators and constant pruning of the tree for crown formation and sanitation are noted.

Rules for planting a tree

Pear has its own planting characteristics. It is necessary to take into account the place, time, choose the right seedling and manipulate according to a certain technology.

Time and place of landing

For growing Nika pear, it is recommended to choose well-lit areas with light, airy soil.

The tree is not whimsical to the composition of the soil, but frequent flooding will cause rot in the roots.

Landing is done in spring or autumn. For this, a landing pit is prepared in advance. A hole is dug at the site with a depth and a diameter of about 1 m. The earth from the hole is mixed with organic matter and superphosphate is added. Half laid back.

Preparation of seedlings

Young trees can be purchased from nurseries. When buying, you need to consider a few points:

pear should be one or two years old, it is at this time that it is characterized by high survival rate;
the root should not be chipped, cracked, scratched, damaged;
root system without rot and signs of other diseases;
sprouts should show no signs of disease.

Before being transferred to the ground, the roots of the seedling are soaked in water for several hours.

Fitting technology

Landing in open ground is carried out, adhering to a certain technology:

Dig a hole and prepare it in the fall, but no later than 2 weeks before planting;
Close up half with earth with fertilizers;
Place a tree in the hole;
Spreading roots;
Sprinkle with earth in layers, compacting each layer;
Leave a near-trunk circle with a depth of 8 - 10 cm;
Water with 5 - 6 buckets of water.

Important! To protect the seedling from damage by strong winds, a high wooden stake is driven into the pit in advance and a pear is tied to it.

Recommendations for crop care

The tree is unpretentious in care, but following some rules increases the yield and quality of fruit.

Irrigation

Irrigation is carried out as needed, when the soil in the near-trunk circle becomes dry. The first watering is done before bud break, the second during flowering, the third after harvesting for the winter. An adult tree consumes 8 - 10 buckets of water at a time.

Cutting

Pruning is carried out in spring and autumn. The first 3 years in the spring form a crown. In autumn, damaged, dry and broken branches are removed. And also thin out thickened areas if necessary.

Pollinators

The presence of a pollinator next to the nickname is mandatory. This increases the number of fruits and yields. Use for this variety of pears, which have the same flowering period.

Feeding

The first 3 - 4 years there is no need to fertilize the pear. The tree receives nutrition from the organic matter laid down during planting. Further, mineral complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are used.

Important! Nitrogen is applied only in springtime.

Diseases and pests of pears

Nika has strong immunity. Damage by insects or fungi occurs when the soil is waterlogged and the rules of care are not followed. Of the diseases noted:

powdery mildew;
burn;
rust.

To combat them, the foliage is sprayed with a fungicide.

From insects on the leaves and fruits of pears you can see:

aphids;
caterpillars;
stem.

Harvest and storage of crops

Harvesting is done in early September. Pears are picked slightly underripe. The fruits are laid out in boxes and transferred for storage in a dark, cool place. Under such conditions, they keep 3 - 4 months.