Apple Pioneer: description of varieties and characteristics of the variety, cultivation

The variety of varieties of fruit and berry crops makes you think about choosing the right option. Apple trees are a common planting in garden plots; Pioneer is considered one of the popular varieties. The tree performs the function of decorating or zoning the territory as a hedge. The apple tree brings a regular plentiful harvest of delicious fruits. Apples of this variety are a storehouse of useful and nutritious substances.

Description of variety Pionerka

Apple Pioneer - decorative fruit tree. Obtained thanks to selective experiments with the Nedzvetsky variety, which took place on the basis of the Pavlovsk experimental station of VIR.The characteristics of the plant determine the region of its cultivation, contribute to the implementation of competent planting and further care.

Description of the tree

The apple tree is low. Round crown of medium density. Pioneer is valued for its decorative appearance. In the warm spring, pink flowers bloom on it, originally combined with burgundy foliage. The variety is often used in the formation of hedges. A fence made of such a tree becomes the highlight of any garden.

Trunk height

Pionerka variety is considered to be medium tall. The height of its trunk is 3-5 m.

Foliage

A distinctive feature of the foliage of the apple tree is the ability to radically change color. During flowering and fruiting, narrow leaves of a rich emerald hue. Red streaks are visible on each of them. In autumn, Pioneer is transformed: the crown becomes beet-colored.

Apples

Pionerki harvest consists of red spherical small apples. The weight of one is 15-20 g. The pulp inside is juicy, sweet. One fruit contains up to 11% sugar.

Varieties

In horticulture, the apple tree is represented by two subspecies:

• decorative red-leaved variety;
• Chinese Red.

The original varieties are most often intended for use in landscape design.

Decorative red leaf variety

The red-leaved variety is used to decorate hedges. Characteristic features define it as an undemanding subspecies with high decorative qualities:

1. Trees - medium-sized with a trunk height of up to 4 m.
2. Krone - rounded, sprawling. Reaches several meters in width.
3. Foliage changes color from bright red at flowering to emerald green at fruiting.
4. Snow-white flowers bloom on the tree. Then burgundy fruits appear.
5. The variety is characterized by high resistance to plant diseases.

Decorative red-leaved variety is picky about environmental conditions. It is successfully cultivated in the regions of the middle zone, in the Urals.

Chinese or Chinese Red

Chinese apple variety is unpretentious in care. It has a number of undeniable advantages:

1. High resistance to frost and drought. Despite changes in low or high temperatures, the tree retains its decorative qualities.
2. During the flowering period, flowers of white, pink or red shades bloom on the crown of Kitaika.
3. The harvest is represented by small fruits.
4. Before the onset of cold weather, the foliage of the tree changes color to ocher and purple.

Chinese apples are not stored for long. They are used to make delicious desserts.

Characteristic variety

Characteristic features of the variety should be taken into account for the organization of competent tree care.

Crown formation

Pionerka's crown is wide. It is formed thanks to spreading branches and dense foliage. A specific feature is that the leaves on this apple tree last longer than on other trees. Until late autumn, Pioneer retains a leafy cover saturated with color.

The process of flowering and pollination

The variety is considered self-pollinating. It does not need additional pollinators. The apple tree begins to bloom in early May. Pink inflorescences bloom on the branches. Then ovaries are formed on them.

Yields

After 3-4 years after planting, the first fruiting of the tree comes. With age, the yield increases. This can be done with proper care. In September, ripe apples are harvested from Pionerka.

Winter hardiness of decorative Pioneer

Pionerka apple tree is characterized by high resistance to low temperatures. The tree can withstand up to -25 degrees without damage to the shoots.

Diseases and pests of the tree

The tree is not susceptible to the harmful effects of fungal diseases. It is resistant to scab pathogens, the main variety that affects apple trees.

Apple Flavor

Fragrant Pioneer apples, thanks to their excellent sweet taste, receive high tasting marks from gardeners and ordinary summer residents.

Useful and nutrients

Despite their small size, the composition of Pioneer apples is rich in numerous nutrients:

• pectins;
• phytoncides;
• vitamin B, A;
• calcium;
• iron;
• phosphorus.

The antioxidants contained in every apple fruit are of great importance. Useful substances slow down the aging process, prevent the development of gene mutations.

Benefits and contraindications of fruits

Apple variety brings significant benefits:

1. Helpful effect on intestinal motility.
2. Improve the quality of vessels.
3. Relieve pain during attacks of urolithiasis.
4. Saturate the human body with useful substances.

To get the most positive effect from apples, it is necessary to observe the measure in their use. An excessive number of fruits can lead to an exacerbation of peptic ulcer.

Planting young trees

Proper planting of an apple tree is important for the full development of the tree in the future.

Preparing the landing site

The tree prefers fertile soil with good drainage. Stagnant groundwater will adversely affect the he alth of a young tree. For an apple tree, you need to choose a place protected from drafts and winds.

Selection of seedlings

Apple seedling for planting should be with a he althy and high-quality root system, strong shoots and a trunk.

Distance between seedlings

The distance between seedlings depends on the purpose of planting. If Pionerka is used as a hedge, then the distance between seedlings will be up to 5 m. In the case of a single planting, a distance of 10-15 m is allowed.

Disembarkation dates

Pioneer planting is best done in early spring after the first warming. This will allow the seedlings to better adapt to the environment, prepare for the winter cold.

What to do during the landing process

Planting an apple tree is a labor-intensive process. It is enough to follow simple steps:

1. Prepare the hole.
2. Lay drainage at the bottom of the pit.
3. Lower down the seedling. Spread its roots.
4. Sprinkle the plant with a mixture of soil and organic fertilizer, lightly tamp.
5. Pour plenty of water over the planting.

How to grow a he althy tree

Crop care procedures will keep the planting he althy and ensure quality development.

Crown pruning

If the Pionerka apple tree performs decorative functions, then pruning is carried out to form and maintain a given crown shape. Branches that break the composition are removed from the tree. On a plant intended for harvest, fruit-bearing branches are retained. Every autumn, dry, old, diseased branches are removed. It is recommended to start pruning at the 3-4th year of life.

Buds and blooms

3-4 years after planting Pioneer is capable of fruiting. In early spring, leaves open on the tree and buds appear. The apple tree blossoms in May. After each flower ovaries are formed, fruits are formed.

Irrigation

Pionerka variety prefers regular moisture. Water the tree once a week. Up to 10 liters of water are consumed per apple tree. The next day, the ground around the trunk is loosened. During dry periods, the amount and frequency of watering is increased.

Disease and pest control

Pionerka apple tree is resistant to fungal diseases and insect pests. Timely preventive measures will minimize the risk of injury:

1. Before the flowering period, the tree is treated with a solution of potassium permanganate. This will prevent moniliosis.
2. Protect from scab cleaning the site from fallen leaves, fruits. Treatment with Bordeaux liquid will provide additional immunity to the tree.

Fertilizers

In the spring Pioneer is fed with nitrogen preparations. Before the onset of cold weather, phosphate and potash fertilizers are applied.

Pollinators

Pionerka apple tree does not need additional pollinators. The variety is considered self-pollinating.

All about the harvest

Harvest varieties Pioneer regular. Every year after the first fruiting, it increases.

Collection

The harvest of ripe fruits is carried out in the first half of September. Apples will not be able to hang on the branches for a long time, so they are cut off immediately after ripening.

Storage

Apple varieties are not subject to long-term storage. They are consumed after harvesting from the tree.

Transportation

Ripe apples should not be transported over long distances. They will not withstand long journeys, they will lose their presentation, their taste will deteriorate.

Use

Due to the excellent taste and fragrant aroma, the fruits of the Pionerka variety are perfect for a variety of preservation: jam, jams, marmalade. Compotes are made from them, juices are made.

Where is the best place to grow red-leaved Pioneerka

Pionerka variety has a high level of winter hardiness and drought resistance. Thanks to these advantages, it is cultivated in many regions of the country:

1. Cities of central Russia.
2. Suburban areas of the Moscow region.
3. Center.

With proper winter care, the tree can be planted in the northwestern regions.

The Pioneer apple tree has many advantages. The unpretentious tree in care pleases with abundant harvests of sweet apples. Due to the bright saturated shades of foliage, the variety is often used in landscape design to form original hedges.

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