Plum for the Urals: the best varieties with descriptions and photos, how to plant and care

Plum is not considered a crop intended for regions with cold winters and sharp temperature changes in spring and summer. But breeders pleased gardeners with winter-hardy plum varieties for the Urals. Every year, the list of stone fruit hybrids is replenished with new specimens with improved qualities. But with a wide variety, it is difficult to choose those varieties of plums that will successfully take root and will produce full-fledged crops.

Variety and characteristics of plum varieties for the Urals

The difficulties of growing plums in the Urals and Siberia include:

• spring frosts destroy the plant;
• risk of damping off in winter increases;
• the root system freezes during a little snowy winter.

For a gardener, the question of which varieties to plant is important. Choose not only winter-hardy, but able to withstand the cold winds characteristic of a sharply continental climate. You should not choose those that are to the tall ones. Shrubs and trees take root better and endure the winter of medium height. But a big role for summer residents is played by the description of fruits, their taste.

Pride of the Urals

The variety was obtained by pollination of the Zhemchuzhina plum back in the 50s of the XX century. Since then, it has been zoned by Ural gardeners. But it is popular both in the Caucasus and in Siberia. In addition to resistance to frost below 30 degrees, the plum is different:

• high yields up to 35 kilograms per tree;
• precocity;
• plum ripening after 120 days;
• tree 4 meters high;
• reddish fruits of medium weight.

Caring for the variety is easy. It does not require pruning and develops quickly. Fruits with sweet and sour taste and tender pulp. They are versatile in purpose. This plum variety requires pollinators.

gift of Chemal

On a medium-sized tree in the 3rd-4th year, rounded fruits appear with a deep funnel and a slightly noticeable seam. Under the orange skin with a red blush, tasty greenish-yellow flesh. The fruits are harvested in the second half of August. Plum tolerates winter well, but is not resistant to weathering.

Pearl of the Urals

The variety was bred in the South Ural Research Institute of Horticulture and zoned since 2006. A medium-sized tree with a spreading crown has an average leafiness.Fruits on mixed and fruit shoots. Plum ripens large, up to 25 grams each, with a smooth surface of green skin. The variety is noted for juicy pulp of a delicate structure with an elongated bone. In terms of taste, plums are given 4.7 points. There are more sugars in fruits than acids.

Culture is partially self-fertile, with medium maturation. Shoots are rarely damaged by frost in winter, but there is partial damage to flower buds in spring by frost.

Chebarkulskaya

Plum tree reaches a height of 3.5 meters, has a spreading crown. The variety has blue fruits, large, weighing 30 grams each. Value in tasty pulp, medium fibrous, greenish-yellow in color.

Snow White

Specially bred variety for the Urals and Siberia tolerates frosts up to 40 degrees. The tree is low, but with a spreading crown of 4 meters.The surface of the plum fruit is yellow with a whitish wax coating. With good care, they reach a weight of 30 grams, and the yield from a tree is 20-30 kilograms. The plum tastes sweet with a slight sourness.

Ural prunes

Mid-late ripening culture is famous for dark blue, almost black fruits. They weigh 15 grams, are elongated, have a sweet taste with little tartness. The medium-sized stone is easily separated from the pulp. The variety is winter-hardy, high-yielding, with excellent transportability. The fruits are good in dried form, compotes.

Ural golden

Appeared in the State Register in 2004. The appearance and taste of the fruit of the variety is of excellent quality. The main color of the skin is yellow, the flesh is the same color. The stone inside is medium in size and easily separated. The plum has good transportability. From a medium-sized tree, harvested annually, starting from the 4th year of life.The advantage of growing plums is their disease resistance, low frost damage.

Kuyashskaya

Plum medium-sized, blooms and bears fruit on short shoots Fruits are round without a seam, with a smooth surface of a reddish color. The flesh is yellow, slightly fibrous. It tastes more sugary than acidic. The separability of the stone from the pulp is average. Fruiting in periods.

The tree differs in that it easily tolerates spring frosts down to minus 5 degrees.

Uiskaya

The plum variety has a rare, non-thickening crown with a tree height of 3 meters. With an average yield of up to 15 kilograms per plant, it is valued for its original orange-colored fruits with a bright blush. The pulp is fine-grained, juicy, sweet. The plum is well pollinated by the Ussuri type of stone fruit.

Shershnevskaya

The variety was obtained by free pollination of the Ussuri plum. The plant is valued for:

• aroma and taste of fruits;
• good separability of the stone from the pulp;
• universality of purpose;
• light frost damage;
• resistance to fungal infections;
• annual fruiting;
• high yields.

Plum blossoms and bears fruit on bouquet branches.

Krasnoselskaya

A tree with a spreading crown has round leaves with a short pointed top, green. Plum berries with yellow flesh, and the skin on top is smooth, red. The mass of fruits is often 20 grams and above. Ripe plums are used for processing. The harvest is late.

Although the variety is winter-hardy, it is sometimes damaged by spring frosts.

Eileenskaya

The hybrid was bred by crossing a sandy type of culture with a varietal Golden Plum. The tree grows weakly, but has a wide crown. The fruits are purple in color with a strong wax coating. Plums with light, yellowish-green flesh, sweet, with an easily detachable stone. The tree blossoms in May and ripens in August.

Uvelskaya

Seedling, obtained by free pollination, has medium height and foliage. The leaves are rounded with a blunt base and a pointed tip of rich green color. The fruits appear on short shoots. They reach a mass of 23-24 grams. The pulp has high sugar content and low acidity. Plum tolerates transportation well.

The culture belongs to late-ripening species, resistant to frost and rarely suffering from fungal infections.

Zolotaya Niva

The hybrid refers to plants of medium maturity. Plum differs golden-solar coloring of fruits of a round form. And their flesh is juicy, tender, sweet. The medium-sized stone is easily separated from the pulp. A tree of medium 2-meter height, with a wide crown, the branches inside of which are raised up. The fruiting of the culture is regular.

Manchurian beauty

The qualities of 3 types are combined in the plum: Chinese, Ussuri and Simon. A dwarf with a dense rounded crown has a number of advantages:

1. Rapid awakening of the kidneys leads to strong branching of the tree.
2. A burgundy blush spreads on a yellow-orange background of fruits.
3. The bone is small.
4. Plums reach maturity in August-September.
5. Culture transmits valuable traits well to offspring.

It is known that the plant is winter-hardy, resistant to some diseases.

Pioneer

The original variety was obtained by free pollination from selected Ussuri plums. The tree reaches a height of 3-4 meters. It has a lush spreading crown. Dark red fruits reach a weight of 18-20 grams. Plums with a smooth glossy surface, rounded base and pointed top. The fruits are sweet, ripen in mid-August. The variety is transportable, with a yield of up to 35-40 kilograms per tree.

Yellow Hopty

Self-fertile plums from China were brought back in the first half of the last century and spread throughout the Far East, the Urals. Wood differs:

• very tall;
• sprawling but rare crown;
• oval leaves;
• round fruits with flattening, weighing 12-14 grams;
• yellow plums, waxed on top;
• loose pulp sweet-sour taste.

The stone inside is large, but easily separated from the pulp. Plums do not tolerate transportation well. They are best consumed fresh.

Ural Dawns

The advantage of the variety will be that it:

• ripens early: late July - August;
• pleases with fruits of 25-30 grams;
• winter hardy;
• develops into trees with a spreading crown, trunk height of 2.5-3 meters.

Plums dark red with bluish bloom, delicious.

Honey

One of the unpretentious varieties of culture, pleasing with high yields, has a delicious aroma and taste of fruits. The prevalence of the hybrid is high, it tolerates weather changes well in the cold climate zone. Oval fruits with a transparent yellow skin reach a weight of 30-50 grams. When ripe, plums turn orange with a whitish bloom, are used universally.

Commander

Plum belongs to the columnar species, so the tree has a compact crown, and the height reaches 2 meters. Entering fruiting in the 2nd year of life, pleases with fruits of 50 grams. They have juicy, yellowish flesh with refreshing sourness.

Imperial

A new hybrid of the columnar type has only recently become known to the gardeners of the Urals. The crown of the tree looks like a narrowed pyramid. The height of the culture with a brownish trunk reaches 2 meters. The fruits are located throughout the tree, have a round shape. And the pulp of the plum is golden, with a honey flavor. The variety is winter-hardy, has a strong immunity to fungal infections.

Blue Sweet

Columnar plum varieties are represented in the Urals by the Blue Sweet hybrid. The crown of the tree has no lateral branches and is directed upwards. The pulp of the fruit is hidden under a thick skin, but it is tender, juicy. The harvest is kept fresh for a long time, and it is large and reaches up to 80 kilograms from 1 column.

How to plant and grow a tree

Growing plums in the Urals is not much different from tree farming in other regions. But you need to choose the right time for planting so that the seedling has time to take root, get stronger.

Preparation of planting material

For cultivation, it is necessary to select crops that are suitable for the Ural region. It is necessary that the hybrid belongs to winter-hardy species and is not damaged by spring frosts.

When purchasing a plum seedling, pay attention to the fact that it has a strong root system. Roots should not be dry or rotten. In height, annual seedlings usually reach 1-1.3 meters.

If a plum is prepared for spring planting, then it is added dropwise for the winter into grooves to a depth of 40 centimeters. Biennial trees take root most quickly.

Terms and technology of disembarkation

Plums are planted in the spring, as soon as the soil thaws, within 2 weeks. Then it is better to prepare a pit in the fall with a depth of 40-50 centimeters and a width of 70.

Autumn planting is done 1.5 months before frost. The hole is dug in 2 weeks. Be sure to add a bucket of humus, superphosphate and potassium s alt to each hole. Fertilizers are mixed with a fertile layer and fill the pit. For looseness, you need to add coarse sand.

The distance between seedlings can reach from 1.5 to 4 meters depending on the variety and crown width in the future. Self-fertile plum types need pollinators nearby.

Conditions for good growth and fruiting

For planting plums choose a place well lit by the sun and closed from the wind. The soil is needed for a nutritious culture, loamy chernozem is suitable. The acidity of the soil of the garden should be neutral, and groundwater should lie no higher than 1.5 meters to the surface.

Water Regularity

Irrigate the ground around the plum for the first time after planting, using up to 20 liters of water per seedling. During the summer, the crop should be watered once every two weeks, increasing the frequency during the hot and dry season.

For an adult plant, watering is reduced to 1 time per month. It is also useful to carry out sprinkling of trees with spraying of the crown in hot weather in the evening. Mulching the trunk circle will help retain moisture in the soil.

Foliar and root fertilizers

In the first year of life, the plum has enough nutrients that it received when planting.Trees are watered with a nutrient solution of urea under the root in the 3rd year of the plant's life. Foliar top dressing takes place with the addition of carbamide, 2 tablespoons per 5 liters of urea solution. The procedure is carried out in May. At the beginning of summer, they are fed with nitrophoska, 30 grams of funds per bucket of water. Top dressing should be foliar.

In August, grooves are shed near the plum with organic and mineral solutions. For organics, chicken manure or humus is used, from mineral - wood ash (70 grams) to a bucket of water with superphosphate and potassium s alt (15 grams each).

Caring for the trunk circle

The trunk circle is designated during landing with a radius of a meter. It must be constantly loosened, freed from weeds. Mulch is applied around the plum at the end of winter on the snow, and in the fall, when digging, peat or humus is buried in the ground. The circle is freed from mulching when the summer is rainy, and there is already enough moisture.

Forming the correct shape

Pruning is carried out regularly, in spring and autumn. It is needed for the formation of the crown, thinning it. The procedure is carried out with well-sharpened tools: secateurs, saw, garden knife.

Branches after pruning are coated with var or disinfectant solutions.

In the first year of life, a tree is cut so that the trunk is a meter high. The following year, skeletal branches of the 1st order are formed, and the trunk is shortened by one growth bud. In an adult tree, you need to free the bole from side shoots, cutting off last year's growth by half.

In the Urals, it is better to form a crown in early spring, and in the fall to carry out sanitary and rejuvenating pruning.

Prevention measures

Prophylactic measures against diseases consist of treating plums with Bordeaux mixture in spring and autumn after harvest.It will help to protect against pests and pathogenic microorganisms loosening and digging the trunk circle after the snow melts and before wintering. It is necessary not to forget about cleaning the garden from plant waste, burning leaves and cut branches.

To protect the plum stem from burns, it is necessary to whiten it in spring and autumn. And smoke piles in the garden will save you from spring frosts.

Preparing and sheltering a tree for the winter

Before wintering, plums need abundant watering and fertilizing with mineral fertilizers. A young tree needs shelter. Therefore, it can be wrapped in 2-3 layers of spandbond or other non-woven material. Small trees are covered with spruce branches.

Common gardening mistakes

Among the common mistakes in stone fruit cultivation is that:

1. Self-infertile varieties remain without pollinators.
2. Plants are not protected from diseases and pests, and therefore do not bear fruit.
3. Young trees are poorly watered and take a long time to develop.
4. Marshy and acidic soils lead to the death of plants.
5. The selected variety does not correspond to the growing region, therefore it does not bear fruit and withers.

Before you grow plums, you need to familiarize yourself with the rules of agricultural technology of the plant, consult with experienced gardeners about choosing a variety.

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