Apple Venyaminovskoe: variety description and characteristics, planting and care with photo

The gardener's dream is fruit crops that do not require special care, regularly bear fruit, and are resistant to diseases and pests. And for areas with frosty and snowy winters, they would tolerate low temperatures well, steadfastly withstood spring frosts without being damaged. Among such plants, one can single out the Venyaminovskaya apple tree, which has many positive qualities with a minimum of negative ones.

Description and additional characteristics of the Venyaminovskoe apple tree

The work on creating a hybrid was carried out for a long time and ended successfully in 1998, when the variety was entered into the State Register of Fruit Crops.An apple tree was obtained by free pollination of the immune form. The collected seeds were carefully sorted, only those that gave excellent fruits were selected. The culture belongs to winter species that regularly produce high yields of apples.

Tree height

The variety bears fruit on large trees with a rounded crown. Depending on the rootstocks, the height of the apple tree varies from 3.5 meters to 5, less often 7 meters. Gray boughs are rarely located and directed upwards.

They are covered with glossy green leaves, short, with a sharp helical tip, partly wrinkled.

Annual growth

Young shoots appear annually, giving an increase of 50 centimeters. They are curved, articulated, covered with brownish bark.

Yields

Young trees at the beginning of fruiting give 25-30 kilograms of apples. With increasing age, yields increase to 100 kilograms. At 8-11 years old, regrafted apple trees were famous for their yield of 150 centners per hectare.

Tasting evaluation

The fruits of the apple tree are very tasty, dessert. They note:

conical shape with medium ribbing;
greenish coloration followed by yellowing;
cover blush over the entire surface;
a large number of subcutaneous points, grayish;
deep funnel;
weight of 140 grams, rarely 200.

Apples with greenish white juicy flesh. The tasting score is given to varietal fruits at the level of 4.5 points.

Winter hardiness

Venyaminovskoe variety is one of the frost-resistant crops. Even at minus 40 degrees, the buds on the branches are slightly damaged. Sometimes the fruit part of the tree freezes in frosty winters, but the apple tree also recovers quickly, starting to bear fruit in 2-3 years.

Disease resistance

Venyaminovskoe apple hybrid has a scab immunity gene. As a result of the tests, no symptoms of the disease were observed in the trees. The culture is moderately resistant to other fungal infections. It all depends on proper care, growing conditions.

Life span of a tree

A recently introduced variety has become popular, as high yields are harvested from it until the old age of the tree. It begins 30 or 50 years after the start of fruiting. The lifespan of a tree depends on what rootstocks were used to grow the crop.

Pros and cons of the variety

When choosing an apple tree Venyaminovskoe for planting, they are guided by the fact that it is:

absolutely resistant to scab;
does not freeze and quickly recovers from severe winter cold;
fruits with dessert flavor apples that are used in baby and diet food.

The disadvantages of the hybrid include the smallness of the fruit, the extended ripening period, from September to October. Apple trees also require pollinators to set fruit.

Features of planting an apple tree

For a fruit plant, the timing and rules of planting are important. They give impetus to growth and development. It is necessary to prepare the planting site in advance, choose such rootstocks for the variety so that the tree is large and more fruits are harvested from it.

When to plant a tree

The best time to plant an apple tree is in early spring before the buds open. Autumn planting is carried out until October 10, where winter begins early, snow falls. If the seedlings were purchased later than this period, then it is necessary to dig them into grooves up to half a meter deep.Especially carefully cover the roots with earth, compacting the soil.

Preparation of seedlings

For the garden you need annual trees with a developed root system. Biennial copies are also available. Before planting, the tree must be buried in moist soil. If they are transported to the country, then the roots are lowered into an earthen mash. You can keep it in it for up to 1 day so that the roots do not dry out.

Before planting, the root system is inspected, removing broken, diseased parts. In biennial crops, the aerial part is cut to a third of the length. This applies to lateral branches, the top of the central shoot is shortened so that it remains 20 centimeters higher than the lateral branches.

Selecting and preparing a site

Apple trees need a lot of sun, but the influence of cold winds is dangerous for them. Do not choose a low-lying area for plants, otherwise they will die from the action of cold air.

It is necessary to prepare a place for Venyaminovskoe variety trees in advance. To do this:

dig up the ground to a depth of 30-40 centimeters;
apply 4-6 buckets of manure and mineral fertilizers per square meter of garden;
on podzolic soils add up to 2 kilograms of lime;
harrow the site and cultivate.

2-3 weeks before planting dig holes 50-60 centimeters deep, up to 80-100 wide. If you plan to plant in the spring, then you can dig planting holes in the fall.

On different rootstocks

If the Venyaminskoye variety is used on rootstocks when planting, then you need to know what area to allocate for apple trees. Medium-sized trees will have enough distance between plants of 3-4 meters, vigorous trees - up to 5-6 meters.

Distance between seedlings

Before digging holes, mark the area to determine the distance needed between seedlings.For large trees, the width of the crown of an adult plant is taken into account, therefore the gap is made 6 meters. The distance is reduced by 2 meters if the culture is grafted onto a medium-sized or dwarf stock.

Plant pattern

The sequence of planting the Venyaminovskoe apple tree consists of the following actions:

Fill 2/3 of the hole with a nutrient mixture of fertile soil, humus and mineral fertilizers.
Pour a mound in the middle of the pit with a bucket of humus.
Put the peg in.
Put a seedling on a mound next to it.
Fill up the roots of the tree.
Tamp the soil around the trunk.
Pour the trunk circle and mulch it with peat or humus.

All actions are carried out consistently and competently. A roller is made to mark the boundaries of the hole.

How to properly care

Naturally growing trees need careful care, especially at first, when the skeleton of an apple tree is laid. All care activities are aimed at increasing the plant's ability to protect itself from winter frosts and diseases.

Pruning and crown shaping

The sprawling crown of the apple tree requires shaping. It is necessary to achieve an improved shape with 4-7 skeletal branches by shortening and thinning the branches. In order for the tree to branch, annual shoots are shortened by a quarter of the length of the annual growth. With a strong branching of the apple tree, the procedure is not needed.

When a tree has acquired a sprawling rounded crown with the correct arrangement of branches, then pruning is reduced. Branches are only partially thinned out, removing diseased specimens, as well as hanging, defective ones. Carry out the main work in the fall and spring.

Pollinator varieties

Since the Venyaminovskoe variety is self-fertile, apple trees are planted nearby for pollination. The best for a hybrid will be cultures such as Vyaznikovskaya, Arkad summer, Sharopai.

Feeding and watering

Before fruiting, plants fertilize poor soils. Among the main dressings for planting apple trees, manure is chosen, which is enough for 1 square meter of 2-3 kilograms, superphosphate - 50 grams, ammonium nitrate and potassium s alt - 15 grams each. It is necessary to feed the trees in the fall for digging. And in the spring, nitrogen fertilizers are needed. It is better to fertilize in furrows located at a distance of 75 centimeters from each other and 1.5 meters from the trunk of an apple tree. Potassium and phosphorus are needed for the crop after flowering, then in July.

Irrigate apple trees up to 4-5 times during the summer. They pour up to 60-100 liters of water under one tree.

Loosening the soil

It is important to constantly loosen the soil in the garden. For the procedure, garden pitchforks are used. It is optimal to carry out loosening and digging 4-5 times per season.

Installing trap belts

To protect the apple tree from pests, special belts are prepared to stop the spread of parasites. You can make belts from a strip of cardboard, burlap, plastic wrap. Attach a strip in the form of a skirt to the trunk of a tree, tightly tying it with twine on top. Larvae trying to climb up the trunk of an apple tree from the ground fall into a trap. You can moisten the belt with an insecticidal preparation, then the insects, their larvae will die.

Diseases and pests

Apple variety is a carrier of the Vf gene, which protects against scab. But other diseases damage trees if not properly cared for. It can be powdery mildew, cytosporosis. You can determine the disease by spots on the leaves, stopping the plant in development.It is necessary to fight the infection with fungicides, spraying the plants three times. Of the pests, aphids, which are carried by ants, are dangerous. Catching belts will save you from insect raids.

Growing in regions

Climatic conditions are favorable for growing Venyaminovskoe apple trees in the Central, North Caucasian region, Moscow region. But it is advised to plant a tree in areas with a cold climate, covering it for the winter.

Harvest and storage of crops

Fructification of a tree begins from the 4-5th year of life. Fruits reach technical ripeness in September. Apples are harvested during the month, capturing the beginning of October in warm regions. But fruits begin to be eaten from late October to February. They are stored at a temperature of plus 2-3 degrees in cellars and basements with an air humidity of 70-80%. Juices and compotes are prepared from apples.