Rossoshanskaya golden cherry: description and characteristics of the variety, cultivation with photo

Rossoshanskaya cherry is divided into golden, large and black. Golden has a bright yellow color and a pleasant sweet taste. This variety is resistant to low temperatures and drought. Gives a lot of yield, has a low size and a pyramidal crown. The plant is unpretentious in care, but requires preventive pest control measures.

History of breeding Rossoshanskaya golden cherries

The Rossoshansky cherry variety was bred in Voronezh at the Rossoshansk Experimental Station. Work on the fruit crop was carried out by Vorochikhina A. Ya. At the moment, it is not included in the State Register, but it used to be. It is grown by many gardeners.

Advantages and disadvantages: is it worth planting on the site

Rossoshskaya Gold Cherry has the following benefits:

• High yield.
• High drought tolerance.
• Frost resistance.
• Good quality fruits.
• Short in stature for easy harvest.

Disadvantages include:

• The need for a pollinating neighbor.
• Susceptibility to diseases and pests.
• Unwanted neighborhood with some cultures.

Crop Varieties

Rossosh cherry is divided into three subspecies: large, black, gold.

Large

Has large berries, each weighing 6.7 grams, maroon. The shape is rounded, slightly flattened on the sides. The tree is low, with a lush crown. During the flowering period, it forms large lush white flowers. Takes root in the North Caucasus region.

Black

Tree with a maximum height of 3 m. Lush crown, tight-fitting leaves, especially on young branches. The color of the berries is almost black, with a red tint. The berries are round, medium, sweet in taste. They are distinguished by good transportability due to the dense skin.

Gold

The tree is low, making it easy to harvest. The berries are large, golden in color. If the trees are well lit, they will produce berries with a pink tint. Cherry blossoms with lush white flowers.

Short variety description

Cherry reaches a height of 3 meters, the crown grows in the form of a pyramid, the foliage is not very dense. The fruits are large, about 50 berries are tied on one branch. The leaves are elongated, lanceolate, green or dark green. The berries are yellow or yellow with a pink tint, large. They have a sweet taste and thick skin.

Height and branching of the crown

The maximum height of a tree is 3 meters. Due to this size, fruits are easily harvested. The crown is spreading in the form of a pyramid. To the bottom of the tree forms large, long branches, to the top, shorter ones.

Pollinating varieties, flowering and fruiting

Rossoshskaya gold cherry self-fertile. For the ovary of buds, she needs pollinating neighbors. The flowering periods of these plants must coincide. The following types are suitable:

• Wonder Cherry;
• Night;
• Leningrad cherry;
• Tick;
• Student.

On the 4th-5th year of the vegetative period, sweet cherries begin to bear fruit. The life expectancy of the variety is 25 years. The ovaries that form before this time will not bear fruit.

The tree begins to bloom early - in mid-April.With the onset of night frosts at this time, the yield is reduced. Lush, large, white flowers are formed. Each flower consists of 5 petals, they form dense inflorescences of 10-15 pieces. The fruiting period is average, the berries ripen by mid-June or early July. They have dense cuttings, which reduces the fall of the berries.

Important! If a pollinator does not grow near the Rossoshanskaya cherry, the tree will not be able to set fruits after flowering.

Transportability and scope of berries

Due to their strong skin, the berries are well tolerated by moving and storage. They are used fresh. Used for making compotes, preserves, jams, freezing. This variety is grown to be sold in bulk to the market.

Features

Cherry has good characteristics for planting in open ground. Easily copes with low temperatures and drought, but the immune system is not the most resistant.

Resistant to freezing temperatures and drought

This variety of sweet cherry easily tolerates low temperatures and drought. The tree has a powerful root system, which allows you to get water from the deep layers of the soil. Does well in dry climates.

What diseases and pests are dangerous for the variety

The plant is susceptible to attack by harmful insects and diseases. Of the diseases, the most common are:

• Moniliosis.
• Coccomycosis.
• Fungal diseases.

Of the insects, the most common are:

• Black aphid.
• Cherry fly.
• Leaflets.

Fit features

The transfer of a tree to open ground should be carried out according to the deadlines, to a suitable place. It is important to observe the proximity of cherries, not all plants are suitable for this.

Recommended timings

The tree tolerates low temperatures well, so it is better to plant it for the winter. A favorable period for this is the end of September - the beginning of October. Planting is also carried out in the spring. To do this, you need to choose a seedling before the formation of buds. It is important that all the processes of the vegetative period occur after planting, this will strengthen the plant.

Choosing a suitable location

The place for cherries is chosen well-lit, with minimal risk of flooding the tree, without drafts.The tree is unpretentious to soil fertility, the main thing is that it be light and well aerated. There should not be other trees closer than 6 meters near the plant. This reduces the yield of cherries.

Suitable and forbidden neighbors of cherries

Suitable for the neighborhood with cherries are:

• pear;
• apricot;
• other types of cherries;
• peach;
• gooseberry;
• raspberries;
• currant;
• grapes.

Next to the plum tree, apple tree and cherry tree does not grow well, you should not plant them nearby.

Preparing the seedling

Seedlings are bought at garden markets. Most often they can be found in autumn. It is better to choose trees without grafting, with good dense branches. On the shoots there should be no damage, cracks, scratches. It is important to pay attention to the roots so that they do not have rot. In autumn, they buy seedlings with fallen leaves, and in spring with buds that have not yet swollen.

Important! One-year-old trees take root better than two-year-old and three-year-old trees.

Disembarkation algorithm

Prepare the ground. If it is clayey and heavy, it is mixed with sand. In the acidic environment of the earth, the plant does not take root well, so dolomite flour is added to the soil. Landing is carried out as follows:

• Dig a hole 60 cm deep, 80 cm in diameter.
• A wood stake is driven into it, which in the future is tied to a seedling to protect it from strong winds.
• Part of the excavated soil is mixed with humus, potassium mineral fertilizers and superphosphate are added.
• The roots of the seedling are straightened, the damaged areas are cut off.
• Place in a hole.
• Sprinkle top with soil mixed with fertilizers.
• Sprinkle with soil in layers, after which each of them is rammed so that there is no space left with air.
• Pour 10 liters of water into the pit.

Important! The roots are sprinkled with half of the soil dug out of the pit, so that a depression remains around the trunk.

Proper crop care

In order for the culture to grow properly, develop well and give a lot of harvest, it is necessary to follow the rules for caring for it. With improper care, the yield of sweet cherries decreases.

Water and loosen the soil

The plant does not really like high moisture. Cherries are watered every 2-3 weeks with water in a volume of 10 liters. With the onset of drought, irrigation is increased up to 1 time per week. To determine if the tree has enough moisture, it is necessary to check the soil near the trunk circle. If it is dry, then there is little moisture, if it is wet, enough. The plant does not tolerate waterlogging of the soil.

Loosening the soil is carried out after each watering and rain. At least once a week, as the tree loves airy soils.

Feeding

In the spring, fertilizing is carried out with nitrogenous fertilizers, in the middle of summer - with complex compounds, before wintering - with phosphorus and potash. To strengthen frost resistance, they are fertilized with complexes containing sodium.

Cutting

In the first year after planting, sweet cherries must be pruned. After transferring to the ground, the central conductor is cut off. This is done to form a lush crown and reduce plant growth. After the germination of new shoots, they are cut again. Until a three-tiered crown is formed. Older trees are pruned every year, thinning out dry branches and dense areas to make it easier for the fruit to stay on the branch.

Diseases and pests: methods of control and prevention

Cherry requires regular treatment from pests and diseases. If it was not possible to prevent the disease, then you need to get rid of it as quickly as possible. If this is not done, the plant will not bear fruit, and in the worst case, it will die.

The most common tree diseases:

• Moniliosis. The shoots begin to dry, leaves fall from them, rot forms inside the branches. To deal with this problem, you can only cut the branches. In the place of the cut, garden var is applied. For prevention, every year the bark of the cherry is smeared with whitewash.
• Coccomycosis. Dark red spots form on the foliage. The leaves gradually turn yellow and fall off. Treatment for this disease is carried out during the period of bud formation and flowering. Bordeaux mortar is used.
• Fungal formations. Arise on the bark of a tree, are yellow, gray, blue, black. When growths form, they are cut out and the place is treated with garden pitch. Pieces of growths are burned outside the garden.

Also, cherries are affected by harmful insects that feed on its leaves and fruits. Main insect pests:

• Black aphid. They are located on the bottom of the sheet in the form of a black film. They eat the leaves, which gradually turn yellow and fall off. To combat them, insecticides are used. To avoid an attack, it is recommended to spray during the period of bud formation.
• Cherry fly. The most dangerous enemy of the cherry. These flies lay their larvae on tree branches, which actively feed on fruits.It's pretty hard to deal with them. Set traps on a tree, painted bright yellow. After it has worked, the insects are destroyed. In parallel, the leaves of the tree are treated with a solution of "Confidor".
• Leaflets. They feed on the leaves of the plant. After that, the leaves turn yellow, fall off, and the quality of the fruit deteriorates. To combat them, the tree is sprayed with a chloroform solution. For prevention, the procedure is carried out twice, in preparation for winter and during the formation of kidneys.

Shelter from frost

The tree has good frost resistance. However, young trees are recommended to be covered for the winter with completely warm fabrics. Their frost resistance appears only by the 3rd year of vegetation. For mature trees, moss is laid around the trunk for the winter to ensure their safety.

Important! Synthetic fabrics are not suitable for winter shelter.

Reviews

Oksana, 45 years old, Moscow: “I have long wanted to try to grow the Rossoshanskaya golden cherry variety.This year I bought a seedling with a pollinator. My soil is clay, so I mixed it with sand. Landing was carried out in the spring. By mid-summer, the first buds appeared. Trimming carried out to the third tier. The tree grows quite quickly, by the end of the season the height has increased by almost a meter.”

Alexander, 59 years old, Chekhov: “I planted the Rossosh Golden Cherry 8 years ago. Bought it in the market. Landing carried out for the winter, took root well. It gives a lot of fruits, they are sweet, juicy, large. Planted a tree next to a pollinator. In the fourth year of life, it began to bear fruit. Every spring I carry out pest control, while I have not been sick with anything yet. We have good dry soils, we do not worry about watering. Once I didn’t irrigate for a month, but she still gave a good harvest.”

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