How to propagate raspberries by cuttings, layering, shoots and other ways

Practically all household plots grow raspberries. How to propagate correctly in order to get the desired result, it is important for every gardener to know such information. When cultivating raspberry bushes, it is necessary to select planting material and properly grow seedlings.

When is the best time to propagate raspberries

Each grower chooses: how to breed raspberries and the breeding season.

Comparison table of breeding by seasons

LikeSpringOffspring, side branches Summer Autumn Cut and stored under special conditions until spring

Season	Than
	Dig in with the horizontal part
Shovel cuttings	Cut off near the ground or with a slight depression
Mature bush cuttings

The following describes each method in more detail.

Spring

Spring breeding is less stressful than autumn breeding. In sunlight and heat, overgrown, layering easily take root, calmly endure the effects of the environment. It is produced by lateral layering or offspring. Formed at the internodes of the root part, located horizontally. Since these roots are at different depths, they appear unevenly throughout the season. There are many such layers and if they are not needed, they are removed.

If used for planting, it is necessary to cut off the layering with a sharp tool, plant it in a special soil. Pour generously and cover with foil. When a green sprout appears, fertilize. Fruiting will begin next year.

Summer

For propagation of raspberries by layering in summer, young cuttings are used that have not had time to stiffen. They have an increased ability for radicular formation.

Features of summer breeding:

1. Green shoots contain less valuable substances than mature shoots, therefore, storage of green material for a long time is impossible.
2. Characterized by the balance of power: for the beginning of those that are in the handle; after - those that will form in young roots. Accordingly, it is necessary to do everything necessary for full growth until the strength runs out, otherwise the plant will die.

Reproduction in summer differs from spring in that green shoots are not dug up with a horizontal part, but are harvested by cutting near the ground or with some deepening (by 10 mm). Lower the lower end into the root stimulator. After 12 hours, the sprout is transferred to the ridge under the film. Such micro-conditions promote rooting.

Autumn

Harvesting cuttings in autumn is used for different varieties of raspberries.In the form of mother material, a plant of 3-4 years of age with strong shoots is used. The optimal time for cutting cuttings is September, the length is 25-30 cm, there must be 4 buds. The cut is carried out in compliance with the angle 45^{o Further storage is determined by climatic conditions:}

1. If the winter is not severe and snowy, the temperature is not lower than -15 ^{оС, the blanks are stored in the ground at a depth of 0.8 m. sand. Remove when the ground thaws.}
2. If the soil freezes more than a meter, the cuttings should be stored in the basement, placed in a container of sand.
3. In the spring, cut off the bottom edge by 10 mm, place in a solution with a growth stimulator for 12 hours.
4. Plant in the ground, cover, creating a greenhouse effect.
5. After rooting, plant in the ground.

Preparatory work

Preparation consists in choosing tools and planting material for accelerated reproduction.

What tools and materials will be needed

Depending on the breeding method, different auxiliary materials will be required. Be sure to have a sharp secateurs. If the cuttings are cut for storage for the winter, containers, sand, peat or sawdust are needed. If the seedling material is planted immediately, containers with fertile soil are needed, a covering film to create a greenhouse effect.

The process of harvesting planting material

Before harvesting the material, you need to select a grade. Raspberries are common, large-fruited, remontant variety, standard. Each provides certain benefits. For example, ordinary is a reliable variety, takes root in various conditions. Minus - low yield.

Attention is drawn to undemanding care, fruiting time, quality, size, taste of berries, disease resistance.

Raspberry propagation methods

Reproduction is carried out in various ways, each of them has its own distinctive features.

Root offspring

The number of offspring from 5-year-old bushes varies and depends on the variety of the plant.

Needed actions:

1. In the summer, mainly in the middle, separate the offspring from the root of the main plant along with a clod of soil.
2. Plant in a nursery for adaptation or in a prepared place.
3. Pour water into the hole, install a seedling, sprinkle with soil. In hot weather, they need to be shaded and watered.

Root cuttings

Cuttings are a convenient way. Cuttings are harvested when digging offspring.On the cuttings, cut the roots that have reached a thickness of 2 mm, without disturbing the lateral branches located on them. After cuttings, sort, taking into account the diameter, tie, put in containers, sprinkle with peat, sawdust, sand, or use their mixture. After moistening the mixture, place the containers in the cold. Optimum temperature up to +4 ^оС. Stored until spring.

The land for planting should be prepared in the fall: dig up, clear of weeds, fertilize with organic matter and complex fertilizers.

Spring essential:

• loosen the soil;
• level the surface;
• make shallow ditches (6-8 cm);
• lay cuttings;
• sprinkle with soil;
• water, cover with foil (to create a microclimate).

After the appearance of green sprouts, remove the film, mulch the surface. Shoots should be protected from cold draft, direct sun.

In the season, the soil must be kept loose and clean. Feed the sprouts as needed. Pay attention to preventive measures to combat insects and raspberry diseases.

Green cuttings

Raspberry propagation by green cuttings is carried out by root suckers. They appear on the roots of the plant after the 2-3rd year of cultivation. Shoots need to be prepared in June (mainly in cloudy weather). Action plan:

• choose with 2-3 leaves;
• cuttings need to be cut at ground level or deepening the pruner a few centimeters, capturing the white part;
• on a shaded area, cut the shoots into cuttings 5-7 cm long;
• make bundles;
• dip in a special solution with a growth stimulator, hold for 15 hours;
• plant in a mixture with peat;
• cover with foil;
• after 2 weeks, the formation of roots will begin, and after a month, the cuttings begin to grow;
• reduce watering, periodically open the film, providing ventilation;
• sprouts should be planted in a greenhouse or on a bed, providing shading.

Dividing the bush

Growing in this way is rarely used. Division is used for forced transplantation of raspberries to a new place. Produced in the spring before the swelling of the kidneys or autumn, after the cessation of growth. It is necessary to dig a bush, divide. Each sprout should have a complete root system. After planting, cut the shoots to a height of 0.3 m from ground level.

Lignified offspring

It is easier to propagate by lignified offspring that arise on the roots of the plant from the buds. It is important to choose high-quality bush material.In early autumn, dig out lignified offspring of one year of age. It is important to try to keep the maximum number of roots up to 0.15 m long. Examine the offspring, remove the damaged, sick, black, affected by insects.

Propagation of raspberries by seeds

Plants propagated by seeds retain varietal characteristics and quality. The seed method is used by breeders to develop new varietal species.

For this you need:

1. Collect seeds at the end of the season. Crush large ripe berries, pour water. The good seed will settle, the bad seed will rise.
2. Dry the seeds.
3. Sow after stratification. In December, place the seeds in a cloth bag, immerse in wet sand or sawdust. Leave in cold conditions for 3 months.
4. In early spring, sow in the ground, lightly sprinkle, cover with a film, leave warm. The entrances will appear at a temperature not lower than +20 ^{оС. Moisten the soil periodically with a spray bottle.}
5. Seedlings need to be hardened, periodically opening the film, put outside in warm weather.
6. When reaching 10 cm, plant the sprouts. Landing in the ground is carried out in a year.

Scottish raspberry breeding method

The method was developed in Scotland, hence the name. Excellent for breeding remontant varieties. With this method, you can get a dozen seedlings from one cutting. One drawback: it takes longer, it will take 2.5 years before the first harvest appears.

Required:

1. Mulch bush in spring. This is a quick way to form a large number of bud embryos on the roots.
2. In August or early autumn, cut root cuttings. Store in the cellar in winter, wrapped in damp moss.
3. In the spring, place the cuttings in heat. Put in a container with peat or sand, water.
4. They will sprout quickly. After 5-8 days, real raspberry leaves will appear.
5. Using a sharp knife, cut off the green shoot from the root cuttings, touching the lower end, which is slightly yellow (a small piece of the parent's cutting). It is on it that the roots will appear. Cutting is done every 2-3 days.
6. Plant seedlings in nutrient soil and keep at a temperature not lower than +25 ^oC.
7. After 6-8 days, plant the rooted seedlings in separate containers. Care, like seedlings: watering, fertilizing, loosening, hardening.

Side layers or offspring

2 year old raspberry makes excellent planting material. In the spring, branches appear on the plant - layering, which are used to propagate the plant:

• select the branch from the north side;
• offspring, without cutting off, bend to the soil, dig in a trench;
• layering will take root and give a root;
• in autumn, divide the layers into seedlings;
• drop off at the right place.

Caring for planted cuttings

It is necessary to plant rooted cuttings, keeping a distance, 0.12-0.15 m will be enough. Requires daily watering and filming. The first green sprouts will appear in a month. Roots begin to grow and branch out.

It is necessary to remove the film for the day to harden the sprouts, cover at night to keep the seedlings from the cold. The frequency of watering is gradually reduced. The soil should be moistened to a depth of 0.3 m. At the end of May, young seedlings are shortened by 0.1 m from above.

Periodically loosen the soil to provide root aeration and prevent rotting. Rooted sprouts are transplanted to a prepared place. Weeding is carried out in order to prevent disease damage.Adaptation in sprouts will pass sooner if the bed is mulched with manure, humus, peat.

Breeding raspberries at home is easy. It is important to follow all the recommendations correctly.

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