Currant red spots on the leaves: what to do, the best means to fight
Practically every garden grows currants. Gardeners appreciate it for its unpretentiousness and delicious fruits. But even with proper care, the plant is susceptible to some diseases that can cause irreparable harm to the shrub. To avoid unpleasant consequences, you should carefully monitor any changes and be able to stop them in time. Below you will learn in detail what to do if red spots appear on currant leaves.
What diseases provoke red spots on the leaves of black and red currants
Noticing reddish spots on a berry bush, the first step is to identify the cause. There can be three of them:
- anthracnose;
- aphid;
- rust.
Let's take a closer look at each one.
Anthracnose fungal disease: symptoms and causes
Anthracnose is a fungal disease. It slows down the growth of the plant, reduces its viability, especially during the cold period, significantly reduces fertility and worsens the quality of the crop. Begins to develop in late spring, early summer. The ideal weather is warm and humid. The carriers of the disease can be insects and animals. Rain and wind also spread the spores, and if there is any damage, anthracnose immediately infects the plant.
Important! Most often, the fungus develops on shrubs that lack potassium and phosphorus, as well as growing in acidic soil.
The main symptoms of anthracnose are:
- the appearance of small dark red spots with a dark rim, which increase over time, accompanied by swelling;
- glossy black bumps form on spots;
- infected greens wither and fall off;
- if the disease has spread to the branches, brown deep ulcers are visible on them;
- when the case is advanced, the fungus also infects the fruits, covering them with black spots, after which the berries fall off.
Red-gall aphid: signs of parasitism
Gall aphid is a parasitic insect, no more than a couple of millimeters in size. Due to its amazing fertility, it causes irreparable harm to the plant. It starts the attack from young shoots in the nucleation stage, so new leaves appear already deformed and incapable of active growth and regeneration. Because of this, the condition of the bush worsens the next year.
The insect settles on the inside of the leaf and feeds on its juices, which is why reddish, dense, swollen growths appear on the green - galls.So the bush is trying to heal itself. Generations of aphids live on the plant until it finally dries out. But even after that, the aphid does not fly far - it settles on the nearest weed grass.
Important! The aphids attract ants, which in turn also feed on the juices of the leaves. In addition, the pest is a carrier of dangerous diseases, and in addition to currants, it can attack other garden crops.
Rust: how it manifests itself and why is it dangerous?
Another reason for the appearance of red spots on currants is frost-resistant fungal rust. Carriers - sedge and coniferous trees. The wind instantly spreads the spores of the fungus. It is almost impossible to notice rust in the early stages. It begins to manifest itself in the spring.
There are two types of rust:
- goblet. Bright yellow convex pads appear on the reverse side of the leaf, subsequently joining together and turning red. Unripe berries and ovaries are affected;
- columnar. Covers the outer side of the leaf with yellow spots. Dots appear on the inside with spores resembling hairs.
The consequences of the fungus are sad - during the illness, the bush loses a quarter of the leaves, and by the autumn it becomes completely bald. Currant does not give new shoots and harvest, and dies in winter.
Important! With belated treatment, the disease can spread to other plants.
How to treat currant bushes
Finding out that the leaves of the currant are turning red, and identifying the cause, it is necessary to proceed with immediate treatment.
Methods of fighting the fungus
Before proceeding with chemical treatment, a number of agrotechnical measures should be taken to destroy fungal spores:
- collect all the fallen leaves and burn. Do this as far away from the garden as possible so that the disease does not affect other plants;
- destroy all weeds around currant bushes;
- loosen and dig the ground at least 5 centimeters;
- carry out timely pruning;
- drain planting pits.
After carrying out the measures, it is necessary to proceed directly to the treatment. Chemicals are suitable for the destruction of anthracnose spores:
- DNOC 1%. Solution: dilute 50 grams in 2 liters of water, and then add another 8 liters. Treat the bush when digging, soil and fallen leaves. Important! It should be used no more than once every two seasons.
- Copper sulfate 1%. Dilute 100 grams of copper in 10 liters of water. For one bush - 1.5 liters. Treat in spring, before buds swell, and in autumn, after foliage has fallen.
- Gamair. Dilute 1 tablet in a small amount of water, and then bring the volume to 10 liters. Important! Do not use hot water for the solution, as the product will lose its effect.
- Ridomil Gold. It is used exclusively for the treatment, and not the prevention of the disease. Solution: 25 grams per 10 liters of water.
- Fundazol. Suitable for both treatment and prevention. 10-15 grams of powder per 10 liters of water.
- Fitosporin. Can be used at any stage of bush development. For a solution, 5 grams of powder should be diluted in 10 liters of water.
- Bordeaux liquid 1%, 3%. Suitable for the prevention and treatment of a reddened plant. Can be used up to 5 times per season.
Fitosporin and Bordeaux liquid should be used for rust treatment.
Insect treatment
To get rid of aphids, first of all, you need to cut and burn all branches with damaged leaves.
Important! It is necessary to destroy branches, even with minor damage, where eggs can be laid, in order to avoid a recurrence of infection.
Before you start fighting with chemicals, you should try to destroy the pest with natural insecticides:
- Tobacco solution. Pour 300 grams of tobacco dust with boiling water and leave for 2-3 days. Strain the infusion and add 100 grams of soap dissolved in water.
- Decoction of marigolds. Pour half a bucket of crushed flowers with 10 liters of boiling water. Insist 2 days. Strain and add 50 grams of soap.
In a more advanced case, you should turn to chemicals: Confido Maxi, Vofatox, Proteus, Calypso, Actellik (they should be used before the berries appear and after they are picked). Softer remedies: Bitoxibacillin, Aktofit, Avertin.
Terms and frequency of therapeutic measures
Healing activities are carried out throughout the season.
Frequency of treatments for fungal diseases:
- spring when leaves open (the most important treatment);
- after flowering;
- after harvest.
If the disease progresses, the frequency of treatment should be increased.
Processing currants against aphids:
- on the bushes with dormant buds and on the soil;
- when the buds open.
Additional spraying - depending on infestation.
What to do so that currant leaves do not turn red
Currant treatment is troublesome and long-term. Therefore, it is much easier to prevent the onset of the disease by conducting regular prophylaxis.
Autumn prevention
Starts after picking berries. You can also start at the end of August. In autumn prevention, infection should be fought with strong chemicals. More attention should be paid to pruning leaves and dry branches, and then burning them, because it is in the fallen leaves that the greatest number of fungal spores and insects are found.
You can manually remove leaves on blackcurrant. On red, they should fall off on their own.
Spring prevention
Begins before the leaves bloom and before the snow melts, and is considered the most important. At this time, in addition to plants, diseases also awaken. It is necessary to do the treatment with boiling water, watering the plant and the soil around. In addition, regardless of the presence of the disease, treatment with chemicals or copper solutions should be carried out.
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