Plum Yakhontovaya: variety description and pollinators, cultivation and care with photo
When growing the Yakhontovaya plum tree, gardeners do not have any particular difficulties, even a novice amateur can handle it. It is especially valued for its sufficient winter hardiness and endurance to adverse environmental factors. In order to achieve not only a quantitative, but also a qualitative harvest from this unpretentious and yellow-fruited plum, it is necessary to adhere to the basic rules of planting and care.
History of breeding plum Yakhontova
This variety of domestic selection was bred by H.K. Enikeev and S.N. Satarova on the basis of the Moscow VSTISP. Interspecies Eurasia 21 and Smolinka became the parent pair.The name of the hybrid is fully consistent with the variety, its bright yellow fruits. In 2008, the Yakhontova plum was entered into the state register.
Description
This plum variety is very vigorous, its height is almost 5.5 m. The crown has a compact size, spherical shape and medium leafiness. The color of straight bare branches is brown. Sheet plates with a matte surface are distinguished by an elongated shape, pointed tips and a light green color.
Fully ripened fruits of the Yakhontova plum acquire a pronounced yellow color. Their skin is thin, rounded, with a waxy coating. The mass of berries is 30 grams. The flesh is also yellow in color, quite juicy with a small easily detachable stone and a sweet and sour taste.
Tasting assessment of the Yakhontova plum is 5 points according to the State Register of Plants. The dessert variety has a sugar content of 9.0%, acidity of 3.5% and a concentration of vitamin C of 14.5 milligrams per 100 grams.
Pros and cons
Among the positive characteristics of the Yakhontova plum variety, experienced gardeners note:
- high consumer qualities;
- dessert fruit taste;
- not afraid of prolonged sub-zero temperatures (up to -30 degrees);
- excellent productivity (50-70kg per tree);
- large-fruited;
- precocity (begins to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting in a permanent place);
- universal purpose of fruits;
- increased immunity to major ailments;
- drought resistant.
But the Yakhontovaya plum variety also has its weaknesses, including:
- need for additional pollination (partial self-fertility);
- oversized.
The large size of the tree can be reduced by grafting it onto a felt cherry, VVA-1, Alexy, 2-17.
Characteristics
Distinctive features of the Yakhontova plum are its resistance to frost and dry periods, productivity and stable fruiting.
Resistant to sub-zero conditions and drought
Yakhontovaya Plum has an average level of drought tolerance. For its successful cultivation, neither a deficiency of moisture nor its overabundance should be allowed. The frequency and abundance of plum watering directly depends on the weather conditions in a particular region.
The resistance of the Yakhontova plum is at a high level. But in order for wintering to be painless for garden planting, it is necessary to take care of additional shelter from autumn.
Susceptibility to diseases and insects
Due to the high degree of resistance to viral and fungal diseases, Yakhontovaya plum is rarely exposed to such ailments, especially fruit rot clusterosporiosis. Only if serious mistakes are made in the care process, a garden plantation can be attacked by harmful insects such as plum aphids, shoot moths, codling moths, black sawflies.
Pollinator varieties
Given the partial self-fertility of Yakhontova's plum, it is recommended to plant a Hungarian, Timiryazev's Memory, Red early maturing nearby. The flowering phase of the Yakhontovaya variety begins in late April and ends in early May. Plum fruits ripen in mid-late August.
All about productivity and fruiting
On average, the productivity of a tree is 20-30 kilograms, but under favorable growing conditions it is possible to collect up to 50 kg of fruit. Gardeners choose Yakhontovaya plum for crop stability, year after year.
Where berries are used
Fruit products are used both for fresh consumption and as raw materials for homemade preparations. From the yellow plums of the Yakhontovaya variety, excellent compote, jam, jam, and sauce are obtained. The fruits are universal.
Features of planting crops on the site
Despite the relative undemandingness of the Yakhontovaya plum variety, proper planting is almost half the success. The tree should not experience discomfort, but grow in favorable conditions.
Recommended timings
It is expedient to carry out planting work, taking into account the climatic features of a particular region. Spring planting of seedlings is best done in case of early cooling in autumn. In regions with a warm climate, the Yakhontova plum is planted after the trees have shed their leaves.
Choose the best place to place the tree
For the normal growth and development of the Yakhontovaya plum, it is recommended to give preference to clearings that are sufficiently illuminated and protected from through winds. It is better to plant young plants on the south or west side of the garden. The soil must be fertile and with good moisture permeability.
The variety does not like wetlands and acidic soil. Lowlands are not suitable for planting Yakhontovaya plum seedlings, it is worth choosing places with a slight slope, plains.
What crops can and cannot be planted side by side
For high-quality cross-pollination on the plot, it is recommended to place plums in groups, maintaining a distance between varieties of 3 meters. Yakhontovaya does not get along well with pears, cherries, cherries. But you can plant an apple tree, currant or raspberry nearby.
Preparing the seedling
It is best if annual plants are chosen for the garden, the height of which is within 50 centimeters, and the thickness of the side branches is 2.5 millimeters.You can buy plum seedlings in nurseries, specialized outlets. The main thing is to carefully examine the planting material to identify various kinds of damage, signs of disease. The dry root system of the tree must be kept in a container with clean water before planting (10-15 minutes).
Technology for landing operations
If planting work will be carried out in the spring, then the pit should be prepared in the fall. Otherwise, planting immediately after the formation of the hole may damage the roots of the young plum, due to soil subsidence. The process of planting seedlings involves the following steps:
- First, you need to dig a pit measuring 60×60 centimeters and 70 centimeters deep.
- After that, the soil removed from the pit is mixed with decayed vegetation (organic matter) and superphosphate (190 grams), potassium s alt (80 grams).
- The prepared pit is filled with nutrient soil substrate.
- After settling, the pit is filled with fertile soil as needed.
- A seedling is placed in the center of the pit, its roots are bred on the sides - straightened. The root neck should not be buried, it should be at a height of 5 centimeters.
- Sprinkle with earth, gently tamp it to prevent the formation of voids, and pour warm water (2 buckets of water).
Compliance with planting technology gives every chance of achieving the desired result.
How to care for a tree in the garden
Among the main measures for the care of the Yakhontova plum are: loosening and moistening the soil, pruning, preventive measures.
Irrigation and fertilizing frequency
It is optimal for the Yakhontova plum to give her abundant watering 3-5 times during the season. It is impossible to allow a lack of moisture during the flowering period of the plum and at the stage of fruit ripening.Water consumption for young plantings is 5 liters, and for adult specimens - 10 liters. It is especially effective to irrigate at the same time as feeding procedures.
As soon as warm weather sets in in the spring, a working solution based on urea, potassium s alt, superphosphate (20 grams of each product per 10 liters of water) is used for one plum. Pour the nutrient composition under the root. In the summer, the same solution is used, but without the addition of urea, and in the fall, potash and phosphorus supplements are used. Mineral complexes for plums are replaced with slurry and wood ash.
Shaping and trimming the crown
In order to avoid problems in the future with the plum, it is necessary to shorten the shoots and form the crown a year after planting. Work should be carried out at the level of the trunk (up to 40 centimeters), leaving up to 7 lateral branches on the drain. Subsequent sanitary and anti-aging pruning is carried out every year.
Yakhontovaya plum should be formed before the first fruiting, after which only dry, incapacitated shoots are removed. Ideally, the shape of the crown should look like a glass.
Disease and pest prevention
Provoking factors in the development of various diseases and the invasion of parasitic individuals are violations in the process of pruning a tree and improper care, or even its absence. To prevent the appearance of Yakhontovaya moniliosis, clasterosporiasis, codling moth, small aphids and black sawflies on the plum, it is necessary to carry out chemical treatments, dig the soil in the trunk circle and prune damaged shoots and shoots. In case of an ailment, it is recommended to spray the plum with a working solution based on the Bordeaux mixture.
Caring for the trunk circle
In order for the plum to bear fruit abundantly, the soil in the near-trunk circle must be in a loose state.For this purpose, it is recommended to regularly remove weeds, loosen the ground and lay mulch. The depth of tillage near the trunk is 8-10 centimeters, and at the border of the near-stem circle 15-20 centimeters. Manipulation is best done with a pitchfork, so the probability of damage to the roots of the Yakhontovaya plum will be minimal.
Wintering
Preparatory work involves the removal of fallen leaves from the site, their burning, in order to prevent pathogenic microorganisms from overwintering in the trunk circle. If there is moss on the branches and trunk of the Yakhontovaya plum, then it should be removed, the dried bark too, and the damaged areas should be treated with garden pitch or a solution of iron sulfate (10 grams of the product per 10 liters of water).
For whitewashing a tree, a mixture of lime (3 kilograms), copper sulfate (400 grams), casein glue (50 grams) and water (10 liters) is prepared. Such a simple technique allows you to further increase the frost resistance of the variety.
Young trees are protected with non-woven material, and on top they fix spruce branches or a polymer mesh from rodents. You can protect the underground part of the plum by mulching the soil in the near-trunk circle with humus (a layer of 40 centimeters).
Plum variety Yakhontovaya is, indeed, an unpretentious and high-yielding plant. Proper agricultural practices and quality seedlings are the main components of successful cultivation.
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