Chermashnaya cherry: description and characteristics of the variety, pollinators and cultivation with photos

Chermashnaya cherry - an early ripening variety, gives bright, yellow fruits, pleasant to the taste. It has good resistance to frost, drought and infectious diseases. It is very popular among gardeners. The main peak of yield falls on the 6th year of vegetation.

History of Chermashnaya variety

Since 2004, the Chermashnaya variety has been distributed throughout the central territory of Russia. Cherry breeding was carried out by breeders Yevstratova A.I., Enikeeva Kh.K., Morozova N.G. The work was carried out on the basis of the All-Russian Selection and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery.Refers to early-ripening varieties of cherries.

Main pros and cons

Variety Chermashnaya has its pros and cons. Benefits include:

• precocity;
• high yield;
• winter hardiness;
• fruit palatability;
• strong immunity.

Also note a few minor flaws:

• mandatory presence of a pollinator for the formation of the ovary;
• short storage of berries.

Description and features of the tree

Description of a plant includes such characteristics as height, crown, pollination, flowering, yield, fruiting and storage of berries.

Height and branching of the crown

Trees are stunted, reach a height of 4-5 meters.They grow and develop quickly, gaining a height of up to 1 meter in one year. The crown is round or oval, raised. The branches grow sparsely. Shoots are woody, straight, dark brown. The leaves are large, green, lanceolate. The surface of the sheet plate is smooth, matte, the edges are wavy.

Pollinator varieties

Chermashnaya self-fertile variety. To get the ovary, it must be planted next to pollinating trees.

Important! The pollinator and cherry blossoms should be in the same period.

Pollinator varieties include:

• Raditsa;
• And the path;
• Crimean;
• Chocolate Girl;
• Crimean;
• Bryansk pink;
• Leningrad black;
• Fatezh.

Flowering, fruits, productivity

The period of fruit ripening begins in the third year of vegetative development.Until that time, it just blooms and gains strength. Forms white flowers, which consist of 5-6 petals, with a yellow core. In one inflorescence there are from 2 to 6 flowers. After the fruits are formed. Flowering occurs before the formation of leaves.

Forms fruits of medium size, light yellow color, with increased access to sunlight, the berries have a pink tint. The maximum weight of one berry is 4.5 grams. Fruit shape is round. The pulp is juicy, sweet, yellow. The skin is dense, inside there is a small bone, which is easily separated.

The highest yield occurs in the 6th year of development. Up to 30 kg of fruits are harvested from one tree. The average age of Chermashnaya cherries is 25 years. Berries ripen in several stages, so the harvest is gradually harvested.

Transportability and scope of berries

Most often, cherries are used fresh.It is also processed into compotes, jams, preserves. Berries are stored in a cool place for up to 4 days. If it is necessary to freeze the berries, it is advisable to keep the cuttings, then their storage is possible up to 4 months. After defrosting, they retain their sweet taste.

For the transportation of berries, cuttings must be preserved, and harvesting is carried out in dry weather.

Culture characteristics

Important characteristics of the crop include resistance to frost, drought and immunity to diseases and insects.

Resistant to low temperatures and drought

Trees tolerate low temperatures well below -20 °C. However, their buds are not as resistant and if severe frosts are predicted during their formation period, action is advised. Also, for regions where winter temperatures drop below -20 ° C, it is necessary to cover the tree for the winter.

Moisture-loving tree, tolerates hot dry climate normally with sufficient watering. However, planting seedlings in places of stagnant water is not recommended, the development of the tree will be slow.

Susceptibility to diseases and insects

Cherry is resistant to fungal diseases, especially to moniliosis and coccomycosis. In hot weather, it is susceptible to attack by harmful insects that feed on the leaves of the tree. It is recommended to carry out preventive spraying to prevent their attack. Under optimal conditions, the plant rarely gets sick.

How to plant cherries in the area

In order to plant cherries on the site, you must follow the rules of planting, terms, choose and prepare the right place, choose a worthy seedling.

Recommended timings

Planting of seedlings is carried out in autumn or spring. It is more risky to plant a tree in the autumn, as it may suffer from frost if it does not have time to take root. The maximum term for autumn planting is October. After the manipulation, it is necessary to insulate the cherry.

Only 10-14 days are given for spring planting. It is necessary to catch the moment when the snow has already melted, the soil has warmed up, and the movement of juice in the tree trunks has not yet begun. This period falls in mid-April or early May, depending on the region.

Important! In the presence of blossoming buds, planting will be unsuccessful, the cherry will not take root.

Selection and preparation of the site and landing pit

Chermashnaya prefers well-lit areas with full daylight hours. For a tree, places with constant drafts and lands with frequent flooding with water are not suitable. Cherry grows well on loose loamy soils. Peat, sand and clay are not suitable for planting. Also, the plant does not take root in acidic soil, but this is easy to fix. Bring dolomite flour into the ground.

A pollinator must grow next to the tree. The distance between adjacent trees must be at least 3 meters.

The pit has been prepared since autumn. Dig a hole 70 cm deep and about 1 meter in diameter. The lower layers of the earth are removed, when planting they are replaced with drainage. Gravel or pebbles are used for drainage. The top soil is mixed with fertilizers. Use 2 buckets of humus and 1 bucket of wood ash. If the soil is not fertile, then 100-120 grams of superphosphate are added. If the land is dry, then it is watered with 50 liters of water and left until spring.

Choosing a he althy and strong seedling

Seedlings are best purchased in specialized stores or from trusted sellers in the markets. When buying, it is better to choose a 1-2-year-old plant, so the chances that it will take root are higher. In the spring, you should pay attention so that there are no ovaries of buds on the seedling, this reduces the risk of its engraftment. The seedling itself should be with dense living branches, without mechanical damage and cut sections on the trunk. The roots should be whole and strong, without rot.

Neighbourhood of cherries with other crops

Cherry tolerates neighborhood with other varieties of cherries and cherries. It should not be planted next to plums, apple trees, apricots, walnuts.

Important! The best neighbors for Chermashnaya are other varieties of cherries.

Fitting technology

Landing is carried out according to the following algorithm:

1. Drainage 10-12 cm deep is laid in a pre-prepared pit.
2. Install a support stick to protect the seedling from strong winds.
3. The roots of the seedling are straightened.
4. Place the seedling in the hole.
5. Sprinkle with soil mixed with fertilizers in layers.
6. Each layer is trampled down with feet to create a tight fit of the soil.
7. The root rod should rise 7-8 cm above the soil.
8. Leave a recess around the trunk with a diameter of 25 cm.
9. Water is watered so that the soil is moist to a depth of 50 cm.
10. The central shoot is cut to form a lush crown.
11. The seedling is tied to a support stick.

Organize tree care

For the successful development of the tree and getting a good harvest, it is necessary to organize the proper care of cherries: carry out timely watering, top dressing, take care of the trunk circle, trim, cover for the winter.

Irrigation

Watering is done every 2-4 weeks in the amount of 7-8 buckets. During the period of fruit ripening, the amount of water is increased to 10-12 buckets. Two weeks before fruit ripening, they stop watering completely. In autumn, when the cherry is preparing for winter, the amount of water is reduced. Since the cherry variety Chermashnaya tolerates drought quite easily, in the absence of the possibility of watering, nothing will happen to the tree.It is especially important to observe the watering regime before fruiting begins.

Feeding Chermashnaya

For fruiting and young trees, fertilization is carried out according to different schemes.

Fertilization for young trees

Young seedlings need additional nutrients for accelerated growth and strengthening. They are fed with urea in the spring. Fertilizer is given both in dry form and in dissolved form. The rest of the substances the sweet cherry takes from the fertilizers applied during planting. This is enough for her for 2-3 years.

Under fruit-bearing trees

Fruit-bearing trees consume more minerals from the soil, as they need to form fruits. In autumn, after harvesting, the addition of urea is reduced by 2 times and they begin to be fed with other fertilizers. 200 grams of superphosphate, 100 grams of potassium sulfate, 1 kilogram of wood ash are buried under the ground of the trunk circle. For the winter, the tree is mulched with 3-4 buckets of humus.Close it up in the spring.

Caring for the trunk circle

After planting, the trunk circle is mulched with various compositions. These include: humus, peat, pebbles, dried grass, straw. This provides additional moisture retention and prevents drying out. Also, this method protects the cherry from the development of infections and the attack of harmful insects.

Pruning and shaping stunted cherries

The first pruning is carried out immediately after planting. Cut off the central shoot. In young trees, new shoots are cut by 1/5 every year. In this way, a stunted plant is formed, which facilitates harvesting. An adult tree is pruned after picking berries, dry and damaged branches are removed. With dense growth of branches, they are thinned out.

Preparing for winter

After the last winter watering and digging up the trunk circle, it is mulched with humus or straw.The trunk is treated with whitewash, this helps to scare away rodents that feed on the bark. For greater reliability, the trunk is additionally wrapped with a special agrofibre.

How to propagate a crop?

Reproduction of cherries is carried out by cuttings. Prepare in advance the landing site with suitable soil. Dig holes 40 cm deep. Drainage is placed at the bottom of the hole. Prepare a small frame and film. Cuttings are cut 30 cm long. Each of them should have 5-6 leaves. All cuttings are placed in water with a root growth stimulator. Use it strictly according to the instructions.

After the development of the roots, the cuttings are transferred to the prepared holes. Install the frame and cover with a film, creating a mini-greenhouse. Within 21 days, the cuttings take root. After that, they are planted in the allotted places. Bury cuttings to a depth of 20 cm, leaving a recess in the hole.

Reviews of gardeners about the variety

Aleksey, 38 years old, Tver: “I planted cherry varieties Chermashnaya 6 years ago. The seedling quickly and easily took root. He carried out work in early spring, before the formation of buds, applied top dressing, closer to summer the tree blossomed. It is growing rapidly. Every year I cut off the shoots so that it does not grow tall. Started producing berries last year. They taste great and are yellow in color. We did not try to store everything, everything that we collected was immediately eaten and processed. The jam is very tasty.”

Artem, 56 years old, Chelyabinsk: “This year I bought several seedlings of Chermashnaya cherry on the market, planted it next to a pollinator. Planted for the winter. Prepared the hole. Planted, mulched. Insulated for the winter, as I was worried that they would freeze. In the spring, buds began to form, and by the beginning of summer it had blossomed. I hope the variety pays off.”

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