Diber Cherry: variety description and characteristics, planting and care, reviews with photos

Dibera cherries have been known to gardeners for over a hundred years. The ancient species of the Rosaceae family is well studied and tested in practice. Despite the emergence of new berry crops, it has retained its competitiveness in terms of yield and fruit quality. The varietal type is bigarro, which means the table properties of the fruit (use in raw and processed form). The nutritional value lies in the high content of nutrients and excellent taste.

How the variety was bred

The variety was obtained without the participation of gardeners, in the second half of the 19th century, in the Crimea. The cherry was named after the gardener who discovered and described the unknown variety. The official name is Daibera A. Chernaya. Amateur gardeners know her as Daiberu or Crimean cherry.

Description

If the agrotechnical conditions are met, the tree gives consistently high yields.

Culture is zoned in the Krasnodar Territory, Volgograd, Astrakhan regions. Growing in the northern regions causes freezing of fruit buds, flowers and ovaries, which reduces the fruiting of Daibera.

General Description

Dibera cherry - mid-season, large-fruited, dessert variety. It has increased requirements - for illumination, soil, moderate - for heat and moisture. When shading, on clay soils, the plant does not take root. In cold, rainy springs, it is exposed to viral infection of leaves and fruits.

The tree is powerful, tall, with a rounded, well-leafed, semi-spreading crown. Dibera gives the first fruits at the age of 5 years. Needs cross-pollination to form ovaries.

Dignity

The positive quality of the Daibera variety is a friendly, stable ripening. The berries are juicy, have a pleasant, sweet and sour taste, are rich in vitamins, are well stored and transported.

High quality cherries are obtained:

• juice;
• mashed potatoes;
• compote.

Wine and jam are prepared by adding cherries and plums for acidity and aroma. A flowering tree serves as a decoration for the backyard landscape. When grown in regions with appropriate climates and soils, Dibera requires minimal care.

Flaws

Dibera cherry without a pollinator remains sterile without forming ovaries. Wood, leaves, fruits are susceptible to pathogenic infection. At temperatures down to -24 degrees, flower buds die. Frost at 30 degrees causes the bark to die off: the trunk, branches and shoots freeze.During the ripening period, both drought and heavy rainfall negatively affect the quantity and quality of the crop.

Kidney

Fruiting is concentrated on bouquet twigs, at the ends of which flowers are collected and a growth bud is formed. Flower buds are rounded, growth is in the center of inflorescences. After the fruit ripens, the flower buds die, and a shoot with 5 internodes and 6 buds is formed from the growth bud.

Leaf and flower

Dibera's crown has good foliage. The leaf is dark green, large, elongated, with a pointed end. The width of the sheet plate is 8 centimeters, the length is 15 centimeters. The petiole is long.

The tree produces bisexual white flowers before the leaves appear. In one inflorescence - 2 buds. A blooming flower is a rosette of 5 corrugated petals, pistil and stamens. The period from the appearance of buds to the fall of the petals is 2-3 weeks.

Fruit

Dibera cherries are large, rounded, wider at the stem.

Mass

A berry, on average, weighs up to 6-7 grams.

Height

Fetal height - 2.5-2.7 centimeters.

Width

The width of the berry is 2.1 centimeters.

Thickness

The diameter of the fruit is 1.9 centimeters at the stem.

Color

The color of the berries is burgundy, with a black tint.

Peduncle

The stem is thick, firmly attached to the berry. Length - 4-5 centimeters.

Bone

The stone is easily separated from the pulp, round, small.

General characteristics

Dibera berries are large, dark red, easily separated from the stalk. The pulp is dense, juicy, red, well freed from the stone.

Taste

The nutritional value of the Dibera variety is determined by:

• high in sugars (15-18%);
• presence of acids (citric, malic, tartaric, lactic, salicylic);
• fiber;
• pectin.

Eating cherries has a beneficial effect on the body in diseases:

• nervous;
• cardiovascular;
• digestive;
• hematopoietic;
• musculoskeletal system.

Fruits of a pleasant, sweet-sour taste, with juicy pulp, quench thirst and hunger well.

Nutritional content

The stimulating effect on metabolic processes is explained by the high content of vitamins, macro- and microelements in Daibera fruits:

1. A, B, C, P, E.
2. K, Ca, Mg, Zn, S, Cu.

The leading position among vitamins and minerals is occupied (in 100 grams of cherries):

• ascorbic acid (C) - 15 milligrams;
• tocopherol (E) - 1 milligram;
• potassium - 256 milligrams;
• calcium - 37 milligrams;
• magnesium - 30 milligrams.

It is enough to have 400 grams of Diber cherries in the diet daily to normalize well-being.

Tree height and growth rate

Crown height - up to 6 meters. The trunk diameter is 40-50 centimeters. The annual growth of the stem under favorable conditions reaches 50-60 centimeters.

The period of flowering and ripening

Cherry blossoms at a stable temperature of +15, +20 degrees, in April, early May. Mass ripening of Dibera fruits occurs in late June, early July.

Yields

An adult tree, under favorable weather conditions and proper agricultural practices, produces up to 90 kilograms of berries per season. The maximum recorded harvest is 170 kilograms. The yield of Daibera in the Crimea reaches 160 kilograms.

Transportability

Dense skin and moderate juiciness dense pulp of Diber cherries allow you to transport and store berries for 3 days after removal. Transportation at a temperature of about 0 degrees keeps the fruit fresh for 20 days.

Drought Tolerant

Deep roots provide Dibera with sufficient moisture. The close occurrence of groundwater leads to rotting of the roots and gum disease.With a low level of precipitation in May, early June, the plant requires abundant watering. Otherwise, the tree drops the ovaries, the fruits do not gain the required weight and size.

Dry in autumn, after shedding leaves, sweet cherries also require pre-winter watering to protect the root system from freezing.

Frost resistance

Cherry, planted in the northern regions, dies with a single drop in temperature to -30 degrees. Prolonged cold leads to freezing of the roots in the upper soil layer and the death of the plant.

Cold winters and long springs reduce yields, as part of the flower buds die at -24 degrees. For the ovaries, freezing in the air up to -0.5 degrees is fatal, for flowers - up to -2 degrees.

Disease resistance

Dibera trees have reduced immunity against viral and fungal infection.

Main diseases: perforated and brown leaf spot, scab, coccomycosis and moniliosis. Moniliosis manifests itself in the form of fruit rot and monilial burn. Cool, rainy weather, fogs at the beginning of the growing season increase the risk of infection several times.

Using fruits

Dibera berries are used fresh, for making summer compotes and preserving in the form of juice, puree, compote.

Basic soil requirements

The roots of the tree go to a depth of 2 meters. The close occurrence of groundwater will harm the root system of Daibera. On loose, humus-rich soil, cherries keep fruiting for decades.

Fit features

Agrotechnical requirements for planting Dibera take into account its varietal characteristics. Compliance with the conditions is necessary for the further growth of the seedling and fruiting.

Seedling selection

The tree should have a dense, elastic, evenly colored, undamaged bark. Autumn planting material is of better quality than purchased in spring.

Root system

Roots should not have broken ends, signs of rot.

Barrel

The height of the seedling can vary from 70 centimeters to 1 meter (depending on age).

Age

Trees take root well from 1 to 2 years.

Vaccinated

The place of the rootstock should be inconspicuous, dry, without damage.

Select pickup time

Planting time (spring or autumn) varies by region. Autumn planting is favorable while maintaining warm weather in October, the absence of a sharp drop in temperature in the winter months, which corresponds to the southern regions of Russia.In other cases, the best period for planting Diber cherries is spring.

Select site

The place where Dibera will grow should be sunny, protected from cold winds, even. Clay, rocky soil is prepared for planting in the fall: they dig an area of at least 1 square meter to a depth of half a meter.

Preparing the pit

On heavy soils and sandy soils, a pit has been prepared since autumn. When planting several seedlings, sweet cherries carry out deep plowing.

Manure, ash, lime are applied to the soil per 1 square meter:

• 2 buckets of rotted mullein;
• 0.5 liters of wood ash;
• 0.5 kilograms of slaked lime (acid reaction).

Clay, humus, ash are added to the sandstone. Planting hole size: diameter - 80 and depth - 60 centimeters.

In the spring, they dig a hole a few days before planting the seedling so that the earth settles and warms up.

The prepared soil mixture is poured onto the bottom from:

• rotted manure (2 buckets);
• potassium sulfate (100 grams) or wood ash (2 cups);
• superphosphate (400 grams);
• garden soil (half a bucket).

Filling is done on top to isolate the cherry roots from mineral fertilizers and not cause a burn.

Landing

The roots of the seedling are soaked for a day in water. Then they are dipped in a mash of slurry, clay, and water. A tubercle is formed in the planting pit. A peg is fixed in the center, 50 centimeters above the soil boundary. The Dibera tree is placed vertically on the tubercle, spreading the roots.

Sprinkle with soil, tamp down so that the root neck rises 1-2 centimeters above the ground.The bole is attached to the peg with a bandage made of natural materials. For irrigation use separated, not cold water. 2 buckets of water are poured into the trunk circle and mulched with dry peat.

Starting a garden

It is necessary to plant seedlings of Diber's sweet cherry taking into account its biological exclusivity: powerful branching, rapid growth. The interval in the rows is determined from 3 meters, in the aisles - from 5 meters. To avoid shading, trees are placed in a checkerboard pattern, alternating with other varieties for pollination. You can plant one variety of cherries or several, as well as cherries.

What can and cannot be planted nearby

When laying the garden, the location of other plants is provided. Antagonists will slow down the growth of sweet cherries, restrain fruiting.

The crowns of other trees should not exceed and shade the Dibera, and their root systems should not be competitors.

Can

Planting stone fruits next to Dibera cherries does not interfere with its development if properly planted. The neighborhood of cherries and sweet cherries will increase the yield of both crops due to pollination. The proximity of the plum to Dibera will help protect against pests.

Grapes

Vine forms a root in the upper layers of the soil. It tolerates the neighborhood with fruit trees well. Fruit plantations are harmed by grapes if their shoots wrap around the crown.

Hawthorn

The tree-like shrub or tree blooms in the same period as Dibera, attracting pollinating insects with its fragrant flowers. The plant is unpretentious in care.

Rowan

A low maintenance plant. During flowering, it attracts bees, which contributes to the pollination of sweet cherries. In autumn - birds.

Elderberry (aphid protection)

Elderberry, shrub or tree (red and black) up to 3 meters high. From May to mid-June, its flowers are a repellant for aphids that attack sweet cherries during this period.

Honeysuckle

The height of garden varieties does not exceed 1 meter. The plant grows well and bears fruit at a distance of 2 meters from Dibera, without disturbing the tree.

Can't

Crops that are carriers of dangerous diseases or shade their crown are not planted next to sweet cherries.

Nightshade crops

All types of nightshade are not recommended to be planted near cherries. Tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, peppers are susceptible to verticillary wilt, which affects all types of plants, including cherries. Infection occurs through the soil. The fungus penetrates through the root system into the lower part of the trunk and causes the death of the cambium (the cells that ensure the growth of the tree).

Trees

Planting forest trees in your backyard next to fruit plants will have a negative impact over time. Apple, pear, apricot trees are planted no closer than 10 meters from the Diber cherry to avoid oppression.

Linden

The tree grows up to 10-30 meters, has a dense crown, impenetrable to sunlight, and a developed root system. When planted next to a sweet cherry, it will shade it, greatly dry out the soil.

Oak

Oak in height, crown and root system surpasses Diberu cherry when it reaches 5-7 years. The rivalry will not be in favor of the fruit tree. The number of Maybugs on the site will increase significantly.

Birch

Birch shade the area, dries the soil, attracts May beetles.

Maple

Maple is one of the Maybug's favorite trees.

Some fruit bushes

Close planting of most fruit bushes next to cherries is harmful to plants. Some compete for soil nutrients, others are culturally incompatible.

Raspberries

Raspberry roots are located at a depth of up to half a meter, forming numerous shoots during the growing season. Berry bushes will compete with cherries for nutrients in the soil, intertwined with its roots, which will make it difficult to remove the shoots. The same pests are dangerous for raspberries and cherries, which will increase the risk of infection.

Gooseberries

Prickly shoots have a root reaching 1.5-2 meters. When planted close, the shrub will compete for nutrients with Dibera. Gooseberry farming does not coincide with the care of cherries, which require abundant watering, a windy area.

Sea buckthorn

The shrub has a branched, powerful root system at a depth of 40-50 centimeters, 2-2.5 times the diameter of the crown. If planted close, the cherries will lack nutrients.

Currant

Currant has numerous root processes in the upper layers of the soil, requires frequent moisture, which is incompatible with the care of cherries. In the shade, without air movement, it is affected by fungi and viruses transmitted to neighboring plants.

Pollinators

For cross-pollination Daibers plant cherries in the same row with fruits of similar quality.

Black Eagle

Western European variety. Berries up to 3 grams, red. The pulp is tender, juicy, sweet, slightly sour. The trees are frost-resistant, pest resistance is average.

Gold

The maximum height of a sweet cherry is 4 meters. Blooms in April. Lemon-colored fruits, up to 7 grams, sweet-sour. The variety is resistant to winter cold and pests.

Cassini early

Tall tree with a round crown. The beginning of maturation is the end of May. The fruits are brown-burgundy, up to 5 grams, sweet-sour. The variety is susceptible to frost and pest damage.

Bigarro Gaucher

Cherry is mid-season, high-yielding. Berries - up to 4 grams, dark red in color, with dense juicy sweet pulp. The juice is ruby red. Trees are resistant to adverse climatic conditions.

Godelfinger

An old high-yielding variety. The trees are tall. Fruits - 6 grams, black when mature. The pulp is dense, red, sweet. The juice is red. Frost resistance is low.

Ramon Oliva

Cherry bred in France. In terms of maturation - early ripe. The variety is winter-hardy, resistant to pests. The fruits are dark red, weighing 5-6 grams, with tender, sweet pink flesh.

Zhabule

French early ripe, dessert variety. Resistant against pests and low winter temperatures. Medium-sized berries with dark red, loose flesh, sweet taste.

Francis

Western European cherry variety. The fruits are large - up to 6 grams, with creamy, dense pulp, sweet, with a slight sourness. The bone is semi-retarded. Pest resistant. Winter hardy.

Care Secrets

Agrotechnical requirements include keeping in equilibrium:

• cherry crowns;
• humidity level;
• soil nutrient content.

Required weeding, loosening.

Irrigation

In a dry summer, young cherries need to be watered once a week. Daibera, older than 10 years old, 3 times abundant watering per season is enough.

Feeding

In autumn, after the leaves fall, nitrogen fertilizers and humus are applied when digging. In the spring, when all the flowers bloom, the sweet cherry needs potassium and phosphorus supplements in the form of ash, superphosphate. Top dressing is done along the circumference of the near-trunk circle.

Cutting pattern

Diber's cherry crown is formed in 2 tiers: 9 skeletal branches of the first and 3 - of the second level. The central conductor is cut to the side branch at a height of 3.5 meters. In the spring, branches growing inside the crown, tops, competitors above the conductor are removed.

Preparing for winter

Autumn watering, whitewashing boles, sheltering with spruce branches will protect the roots and trunk of Dibera from freezing. Roofing material, mesh, spruce branches will protect cherries from rodents.

Prevention from diseases and pests

Dibera is affected by viruses and fungi, especially during rainy periods. Prevention of the virus consists in the destruction of spores on the trunk and branches of the tree before the start of the growing season. Fungi overwinter on affected cherry branches, fallen mummified fruits, and leaves.

Decrease in temperature during the flowering period weakens the immunity of cherries and promotes infection.

Perforated spotting

To prevent an outbreak of a viral infection, in early spring, before the buds open, Daibera is sprayed with a 5% solution of copper sulphate. Signs of the disease appear as brown spots on the leaves.

Brown spotting

Rounded spots with necrosis along the edges and black dots in the center are visible on the leaf blades of sweet cherries. As a preventive measure, spraying the tree with a 5% solution of copper sulphate before the start of sap flow is used.

Fruit rot

The source of infection is the ascomycete fungus. The mycelium overwinters on fallen fruits, on the affected wood of the branches. The appearance of symmetrical whitish growths on the berries indicates the defeat of the sweet cherry with moniliosis. You can prevent the spread of the fungus on Daiber:

1. Removal and burning of spore carriers:

• semi-dried berries;
• branches;
• leaves;
• shoots with darkened bark.

2. Spraying the tree with a fungicide.

At the end of fruiting, there should be no fruit left on the sweet cherry. Dried branches are removed in the spring.

Gum flow

Resin release sets the stage for bacterial infection in the Dibera trunk. Dried growths are removed to he althy tissue, treated with 1% copper sulfate solution and covered with garden pitch.

Scab

Prevention of cherry scab damage is:

• in harvesting and burning fallen leaves and fruits in autumn;
• digging tree trunks in autumn;
• spraying before bud break with Nitrafen;
• 1% Bordeaux liquid at bud break;
• repeated - 20 days after the end of flowering;
• after harvest.

When the degree of infection is high, Daibers carry out 4 sprays in 2 weeks.

Monilial burn

Sudden drying of leaves, ovaries and young twigs of Dibera is caused by the ascomycete fungus that appears after a sharp cold snap with the wind. The tree is sprayed with fungicides at intervals of 7 days.

Cherry Slimy Sawfly

Destruction of larvae eating cherry leaves with the help of insecticidal preparations: Decisom, Karate.

Cherry fly

Dibera cherry treatment after ovary formation with Decis, with repeated spraying after 2 weeks.

Ringed silkworm

For preventive purposes - early spring spraying of Dibera Karate, Zalon.

Cherry Aphid

Dibera treatment with insecticides from aphids when insects appear.

Weevil

To combat larvae, the tree is sprayed after the petals fall off Astellik.

Moth

Prevention is to destroy the pupae before the butterflies emerge from them. For this purpose, the cherry is inspected in the spring, spider nests in the bark are removed, and pyrethroid insecticides are sprayed.

Frost protection

With the advent of snow cover, it is additionally worth insulating the near-trunk circle of Dibera with a compacted snowdrift.

Spring treatment

Before the start of sap flow in cherries, sanitary pruning of dry and damaged branches for a ring is carried out, whitewashing of trunks to protect against pests and spring frost.

Harvest and storage of crops

Remove the berries along with the stalks. So that the fruits are not squeezed under their own weight, they are placed in wide, flat containers. The best place to store cherries is the fruit compartment in the refrigerator.At lower temperatures, the cherry will turn brown. The term for eating is 3 days. By this time, vitamin C will reach its maximum value in the berry.

Reviews

Margarita, Rostov:

"Great variety. Cherries are over 8 years old. Every year pleases with a harvest. Enough for both food and conservation. Cherry grows at 5 meters. There are no problems with pollination.”

Vasily, Voronezh:

“I planted a Dibera cherry seedling a year ago. There was not much growth, the dry summer affected. I hope that in three or four years there will be the first harvest.”

Svetlana, Taganrog:

"I love it when the Dibera cherry blossoms. There are no leaves yet, it is all in bloom, as in white foam. For this alone, you need to breed cherries.”

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