Transportation of cows: rules and what transport to choose, the necessary documentation

Proper transportation of livestock is one of the important conditions for animal husbandry. Transportation of cows, bulls, calves is organized in such a way that in the process of moving the animals do not get injured, do not reduce their physical condition. Even if they are sent for slaughter, improper transport will reduce the weight of the animals and degrade the quality of the final product.

Basic rules for the transportation of cattle

Animals can be transported by road, rail, waterways. More often transportation is carried out by cars or cattle trucks. When moving cattle, the following rules must be followed:

It is desirable to transport livestock on highways. A smooth road will allow you to carry cargo without painful “bouncing” of the car. Move smoothly, without jerking.
In cold weather, keep the temperature inside the body in the range of 12-16 °C at 70% humidity. In the warm season, temperatures up to 30 ° C and humidity up to 60% are considered favorable conditions. If the temperature rises, then it is worth turning on ventilation at a speed of up to 0.3 m / s. Do not transport livestock in conditions of high temperatures and humidity. In this case, it is better to travel at night.
If you have a long trip, then every 6-8 hours you need to stop and check the availability of food and water, the physical condition of the animals. Make h alts every 10-14 hours, taking the cattle out of the transport. At the resting place, feed and rest the animals.
Cows should be milked at least once every 12 hours.
Separate adult animals from each other with strong partitions and securely fix them.Young animals can be tied more freely, but take into account the area of the vehicle so that the calves can lie freely on the floor. Bulls should be placed at a safe distance from each other. Bulls and cows cannot be transported in the same vehicle.

Depending on the duration of transport, calves can be transported standing or lying down. Also, for each adult cattle, you need to calculate the amount of food and water. The tables show the allowed parameters.

Water, 1 day2 kilograms of hay per 100 kilograms of weight10- 50 liters of water per individual depending on ambient temperature and age

Cows and bulls
Food, 1 day

Patch area for 1 calf3-5 hours0 ,3 m6-8 hours 0.5-0.6m

Calves
Transport time
	2^{, standing}
	2^{, lying position}

Adhering to these rules, you can take animals to their destination without compromising their he alth.

Recommendations for preparing for transportation

Before the trip, you need to carry out preparatory activities. To transport animals without complications, it is advisable to first perform the following steps:

Check the he alth of livestock by passing veterinary and sanitary control. Also, a month before the intended transportation, complete the entire range of veterinary procedures, including the necessary vaccinations.
For a long trip, a month before the start, introduce animal feed into the diet that will be used during transportation. This will help to avoid gastrointestinal dysfunction on the road.
Based on the weather forecast, choose a day with favorable climatic conditions.
Prepare a detailed route plan, and calculate the time.
If h alts are provided along the way, then provide resting places with high-quality hay and water.
Check the operation of the temperature control system. Ensure cleanliness of drinkers.
Collect all necessary documents.

Before the trip, the animals must be fed and well rested. The hairline of animals is cleaned with a brush. Hooves should be treated with 5% formaldehyde or 10% copper sulfate. Also provide for quick loading and unloading of livestock.

Loading and unloading

When loading and unloading, you need to use gangways, ladders with railings on the sides. Bridges should not be slippery; in addition, they can be equipped with profiles for better coupling. Must have a slope of no more than 30°.

When loading or unloading, do not hit animals, grab them by the legs, head or tail. To speed up the process, you can use baits or crackers. Electric stimulators can be applied to adult animals, but they can only be touched from behind.

The corral must be carried out during daylight hours. If the procedure will take place at night, then provide good lighting. Same-sex animals are driven into one car, otherwise a strong partition is installed between females and males.

Vehicle designed to move cattle

Most transportation within the country is carried out by road. Livestock trucks can move a large number of animals. They provide all the conditions for the careful transportation of livestock:

heating and ventilation systems present;
separate animal pens with strong partitions;
automatic manure collection systems, drinkers;
lighting to monitor the condition of animals;
The covered vehicle has floor vents to remove gaseous animal waste products.

If you need to transport several animals, then they use small specialized Gazelle cars. For example, cows in a gazelle can comfortably reach a remote point. The distance can be up to 1000 kilometers. It is convenient to use such cars if you need to transport livestock from personal subsidiary plots.

Documentation authorizing the transport of cattle

The transportation of cattle is regulated by legislative acts. To avoid problems during transportation, all permits and certificates must be obtained. If animals are to be moved to another region of Russia or abroad, the following documents are required:

waybill and waybill;
veterinary certificate and certificate of Gosvetnadzor allowing transportation of cattle;
animal he alth passports and veterinarian's report issued before shipment;
for export outside of Russia, you need permission from the Ministry of Agriculture and transit documents.

To move within the district, it is enough to have a veterinary passport, a certificate issued in form 1, and a transportation permit from the chief veterinarian of the district.

For the transportation of cattle, it is better to contact companies specializing in this type of activity. A car unprepared for transportation can cause large financial losses. Before transporting cows or bulls, it is necessary to prepare the accompanying documentation.