Acaricides: classification of drugs and their effect on plants, top 7 remedies

It is impossible to do without the use of acaricides in the process of growing plants today. Consider the classification of these drugs, the mechanism of action and method of penetration, the frequency of use, how long the effect of the drugs lasts, how they affect the environment. How to use acaricides according to the instructions, the advantages and disadvantages of the best modern drugs.

What is acaricide

This is the general name for agrochemicals for the extermination of mites. Acaricidal preparations are divided into 3 groups:

Insectoacaricides that can kill both mites and insects at the same time. These include FOS, some pyrethroids, products that contain inorganic sulfur.
Specific acaricides only work on ticks. These include drugs with sulfur, bromine, as well as heterocycles with nitrogen.
Acarofungicides can kill mites and disease-causing fungi.

Acaricides are used for plants grown in agricultural enterprises, on farmers' plots and in private households.

Classification of acaricides

Means have different active substances in the composition, and therefore have a different effect on ticks. Consider the main classes of acaricides and typical preparations.

Insectoacaricides

There are chemical and biological. The main crops treated with insectoacaricides are cereals, vegetables, melons, industrial crops, fruits and potatoes. These include drugs "Aktara", "Force", "Karate Zeon", "Vertimek", "Engio" and others. Insectoacaricides do not accumulate in plant tissues, do not remain in the soil, and decompose quickly.

Pyrethroids

Pyrethroids are contained in the flowers of Dalmatian chamomile, their analogues are artificially reproduced synthetic pyrethroids, in which the structure and mechanism of action are similar to natural ones. Preparations with pyrethroids are used to exterminate mites on garden and horticultural crops, stock pests, mites in everyday life, they treat animals from parasites. Examples of drugs: Iskra, Altair, Alfabel, Alfashans, Tsunami, Fatrin, Pinocid.

Sulfur-containing drugs

In addition to acaricidal, they have a fungicidal effect. Contact medications. Examples: colloidal sulfur, Propargit, Cumulus, Thiovit Jet.

Broma preparations

This class includes products with bromopropylate ("Neoron", "Polysan") They are used on grapes, berries, fruits, shrubs against fruit and spider mites. Means act contact, intestinal and as fumigants.

Heterocycles with nitrogen

In addition to products with bromopropylate, this class stands out among acaricides for its functionality and noticeable efficiency. Heterocycles act on eggs, adult pests are not destroyed, but become sterile. Because of this, the growth of the number of ticks slows down sharply. The drugs "Piridaben", "Phenazakhin" and "Clofentezin" belong to heterocycles.

Method of penetration and mechanism of action

Acaricides mainly act as contact agents, but they differ in their mechanism of action depending on the influence of the active substance. There are also fumigants, such as magnesium phosphide or methyl bromide, which are used to treat grain for bread mites. They release a toxic gas that paralyzes pests. Methyl bromide not only works on ticks, but also on their eggs.

Ticks are susceptible to toxins as soon as they hatch from their eggs and when they are in the stage of younger larvae. At older ages, adults also acquire some resistance, so you need to try to treat them as early as possible.

How long does the effect last?

If a lot of mites have spread on the plants, you need to use products with a pronounced initial toxicity. Use low-toxic preparations simultaneously with FOS or highly toxic acaricides ("Piridaben").

Propargit works longer than all drugs (up to 15-20 days). The effectiveness of some acaricides, such as bromopropylate, is fully manifested even in cold weather.

Using frequency

In order for acaricides to show maximum effectiveness, plants must be treated so that the leaves and stems are completely wetted. The frequency of spraying is different, from 1 to 2-3 times. The period before harvesting the fruits is also different - from several days to 2 months, it all depends on the toxicity of the substance, dosage and consumption of the solution.

Environmental sustainability

How effective the use of specific acaricides will be, and the number of sprays depends on the persistence of the drug and the duration of its preservation on the surface of the plants.

Impact on the environment, people and pets

Among the popular acaricides, there are many drugs that act not only on the object of their application - ticks, but also on insects - harmful and beneficial, primarily on bees, as well as entomophages. You need to pay attention to this parameter when choosing a drug for treatment.

Toxicity to humans and animals is expressed as an irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes, as well as a toxic effect when ingested. The degree of toxicity is expressed in hazard classes from 1 to 4, where 1 is the greatest danger, 4 is the least. For domestic use, products with class 4 are produced, for processing plants in the household - 3 and 4.

Instructions for the use of acaricides

The effectiveness of acaricidal preparations depends on the correct application. First you need to properly prepare the solution. Plastic, glass or enameled containers are suitable for stirring, metal containers are excluded. Be sure to wear rubber gloves to protect your hands.

The method of preparation for many acaricides is similar: first, in a third or half of the volume of water, dilute the required amount of the drug until completely dissolved. Then add the remaining volume and stir again. Pour into spray tank. The dosage, as well as the consumption, are indicated for each product in the instructions, which must be strictly adhered to, do not exceed the norm.

Use the prepared solution immediately and in full, store no longer than 1 day. Do not use the solution after the expiration date. Do not use expired funds, the effectiveness of which is drastically reduced.

Plants can not be sprayed in sunny weather, in cloudy weather, before rain or in the morning after dew. The same goes for the wind: you need to work on days when it is not, so that the solution does not blow away. The average temperature at which most acaricides work well is 15-25 °C. If processed at temperatures below this range, a decrease in efficiency can be expected.

Plants must be handled carefully, from all sides, the leaves and stems must be completely moistened. The thoroughness of spraying depends on how effective the drug will be.

Acaricides can be mixed with other agricultural products only if it is known for sure that they will not interfere with each other's action. But, in most cases, they are used separately. When processing indoor plants, the following rules apply: remove people and animals from the premises. Wear a respirator, goggles and rubber gloves.After processing, it is advisable to ventilate the room.

The best modern drugs

The new acaricides are fast-acting, they can treat many types of plants, they are not as toxic to the environment as previously popular drugs. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of modern acaricides.

Sunmite

Drug Benefits:

active against ticks at all stages of development;
not addictive;
has a detrimental effect on sucking insects;
fast response - ticks stop feeding after 1.5 hours, die after 3-4 days;
active at any allowable temperature;
rain 2 hours after treatment does not affect the result.

Disadvantages: Applies only to apple trees.

Apollo

Benefits:

prolonged action;
destroys eggs;
effective against spider mites;
prolonged toxic effect (not less than 1 month);
does not kill beneficial mites.

Disadvantages: high consumption of the solution when applied to fruit and grapes.

Oberon

Drug Benefits:

wide range of action;
kills pests at all stages;
unique mechanism of action;
destroys eggs;
"knockdown" effect;
not addictive;
biological compatible.

Cons of funds: high consumption of greenhouse tomatoes and cucumbers.

Masai

Dignity:

affects larvae, adult pests and oviposition;
pronounced initial toxicity;
long-term plant protection;
does not kill predatory beneficial mites;
can be applied at a wide range of temperatures;
permitted to use on flowering plants;
compatible in working mixtures.

Cons: Applies only to apple and grapes.

"Acaril"

Means against dust mites for washing clothes in the washing machine. Pros:

he alth safety;
eliminates pests at all stages.

Disadvantages: high cost.

Milbiol

Means for processing furniture. Pros:

easy to use;
natural based;
stops development and disrupts the nutrition of pests.

Cons: Has a slight smell of onion, requires repeated treatments.

Akarosan

Acaricide spray for the treatment of fabrics, carpets, pillows, mattresses. Benefits:

kills pests quickly;
destroys allergens;
long action;
safe for people, animals.

Cons: Re-treatments are needed to completely kill ticks.

Acaricides are a specific group of drugs designed specifically for the extermination of many varieties of ticks. They belong to different classes, the classification is formed on the basis of the mechanism of action and the active substances in the composition. They differ in the level of toxic effects on humans, beneficial insects, animals, plants.

There are differences in speed, duration of the protection effect, frequency of treatments and the period that must elapse before the permitted harvest of fruits. The drugs have different dosage and consumption, there are features in the application. Information about this is in the instructions from the manufacturer.

For all acaricides, the rules for preparing the solution and its use are correct. During work, you must adhere to safety precautions, work using protective equipment to avoid skin damage or poisoning.