Oat varieties: characteristics and descriptions of the 9 best, 4 types of crops and how to choose

Oats are used in agriculture as a food and fodder crop. Differs in productivity and excellent qualities, is popular among other cereals. Consider plant species, description and characteristics of the best varieties of oats, as well as characteristics depending on the type: winter, spring, naked and filmy.

Existing types of oats

There are 22 varieties in the genus oats of the cereal family. Sowing oats is an agricultural crop. The genus also includes species of oats: Abyssinian, bearded, dubious, empty or wild oat, Moroccan, naked, barren, bristly, Volga and others.

Varieties of oats, like other crops, are zoned, that is, they are recommended for cultivation in certain regions. For example, varieties released in the KBR: Podgorny, Utes, Everest, Guzeripl, Mezmay, Oshten, Verny, Adygeisky 575, Adygeisky 19, Nalmes and AGU-75.

The best varieties

Varieties of spring and winter oats are registered in the State Register. They have different characteristics, direction of use, that is, grain or grain forage.

Gyrfalcon

Spring variety, grain forage. It is recommended to grow in the North-Western and Volga-Vyatka regions. Characteristics: intermediate bush, medium height. The spikelets are drooping. The spine is weak or absent. The grains are large and moderately large. The weight of a thousand grains is 32-39 g. The yield is 35.6 centners / ha, more than the standard by 2 centners / ha, a maximum of 81.8 centners is harvested per hectare. Mid-early variety, vegetation lasts 73-94 days, maturation occurs 2-4 days earlier than the Fakir variety.

Oats Gyrfalcon is moderately resistant to drought and lodging. In the year of manifestation of the trait, it is prone to lodging. Thin-skinned oats, valuable in quality. The percentage of protein is 9.0-13.2%. The variety is susceptible to fire blight, loose smut, red-brown spot, crown rust.

Argamak

The variety belongs to grain forage. Mid-season, valuable in quality. Grown in the Central, Northwestern, Volga-Vyatka, Northern regions. The caryopsis is membranous, the color of the scales of the flowers is white. The weight of a thousand grains is within 32-36 g. The grain is leveled, with excellent nutritional qualities. Protein content - 14.6%. The yield reaches 29 t/ha, 0.2 t/ha more than the standard.

Trump

Grain-fodder oats, mid-season variety with a filmy grain.The variety is resistant to lodging, does not suffer from dusty smut, crown rust. Drought resistant. Oats Kozyr of high productivity, 60.8 c/ha can be harvested per hectare. The grain is large, a thousand seeds weigh 34.4-37.2 g, with a protein content of 11-13%.

Allure

Belongs to the grain forage group. The grain is semi-elongated, the weight of a thousand seeds is 33-38 g. The average yield is 36 c/ha. The variety is mid-season, vegetation lasts 79-89 days. Resistant to lodging, moderately resistant to drought. Valuable variety, protein content - 12-18%. Not resistant to smut, crown and stem rusts.

Wrestler

Grain forage variety. A large caryopsis, the weight of a thousand grains is 37-43 g. Productivity is 30.9 c/ha, 2.1 c/ha more than the standard. Mid-season, vegetation lasts 79-93 days, ripens along with the Skakun variety. The variety is moderately resistant to drought and lodging.It belongs to varieties of valuable quality. Protein content - 9.7-15.8%. It is affected by crown rust, smut, bacterial burn, powdery mildew, red-brown spotting.

Lefty

Grains of medium size, weight of a thousand seeds - 27-38 g. Grains with a high protein content. Productivity - 18-47 q/ha. The duration of the growing season until ripening is 60 days. Does not lodge, is not affected by smut, resistant to drought, frost. The variety is affected by bacterial burn, red-brown spotting.

Irtysh 22

Grain-forage variety, mid-late. The fruit is large, the weight of a thousand grains reaches 38-44 g. The average yield is 55.9 kg / ha. Vegetation lasts 77-94 days. In terms of resistance to drought and lodging, it is inferior to the standards. Protein content - 9.1-11.5%. The variety is resistant to smut, it is affected by crown rust.

Yakov

Mid-ripening, grain forage. The caryopsis is large, a thousand seeds weigh 34-42 g. The yield is 39.4 kg / ha. Vegetation lasts 82-95 days. Resistant above average to lodging, drought-resistant. The protein content in the grain is 11.9-12.8%. Variety susceptible to crown rust, not affected by loose smut.

Comes

Grain fodder, medium early. Vegetation lasts 75-100 days. The grain is filmy, contains up to 12% protein, a thousand grains weigh 35 g.

Oat varieties depending on the species

Varieties of sowing oats, like some other cereals, are divided into spring and winter according to the method of cultivation, as well as according to the structural features of grains - into naked and membranous.

Winter varieties

Winter oats withstand wintering under the snow, as it has cold resistance. Winter varieties begin to develop faster in spring, which allows you to harvest earlier. In general, winter crops yield more than spring crops.

In winter, rooted plants perform many positive functions: they reduce the freezing of the earth, prevent erosion, washing out nutrients into the lower layers, and reduce the number of pests and pathogens. Examples of varieties: Antey, Max, Bulany, Chernihiv 28.

Spring varieties

The oats of these varieties have a shorter growing season than winter oats. This allows you to sow it in the spring, with the advent of heat, and get a harvest in the summer of the same year.Advantages of spring varieties: plants absorb nutrients better, produce grain with better baking qualities. Varieties tolerate drought better, are less demanding on the soil, but are susceptible to changing weather conditions. Examples of varieties: Otrada, Skakun, Kozyr, Foma, Ivory, Stipler.

Hulless oats

The grains of this type of crop are valuable because they contain more protein, starch and fat than the membranous varieties. The stems and leaves of the crop are used as green fodder, which is given to livestock fresh and in the form of straw. Naked oats are sown in a mixture with legumes, used as fallow crops and as the main predecessors of winter crops in regions with sufficient moisture. Hay made from an oat-bean mixture is considered high quality.

Hulless oats contain valuable proteins and essential amino acids, fiber that restores the intestinal microflora. Products from this type of oats are more caloric compared to other cereals, high in protein and fat. Due to the large volume of mucous substances, skinless oat products have dietary properties.

Hulless varieties are easier to grow, they are resistant to shattering, this is one of the advantages over filmy varieties. Naked oats can be used for feed and for cooking without pre-cleaning. Examples of varieties: Vyatsky, Ofenya, Solomon, Nemchinovsky 61, Levsha, Belarusian naked.

Chaffy oats

More common than naked because it is more productive. Common culture forms of this type are mutica, aristata and aurea. Flowers, in contrast to the naked, which may have more than 7, 2 or 3.Spikelets awned or awnless. Filmy types of oats are divided into paniculate and single-mane. The former are distinguished by sprawling inflorescences, the latter stand evenly and are somewhat pressed against the stem. Examples of varieties: Lion, Talisman, Wrestler, Gunter, Peregrine Falcon, Avatar.

Sowing oats is one of the main crops grown in Russia to obtain grain as food and feed for livestock. Crop varieties are divided into spring and winter, membranous and naked. Varieties differ in characteristics, appearance and origin, resistance or susceptibility to various diseases, give different yields.

Depending on the characteristics of the variety of culture, they receive different purposes. Cold-resistant winter is grown for early harvests, spring - as the dominant fodder crop, unpretentious to temperate climate conditions.The majority of the cultivated areas are accounted for by the membranous varieties, the naked variety is not so common, but surpasses it in many characteristics.

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