Bog-podzolic soils: characteristics and conditions of formation, use

The type of bog-podzolic soils is distinguished from podzolic soils. Certain factors influence their formation and development. They have different profile structure and properties. Consider the conditions for the formation of bog-podzolic soils, their morphological characteristics and basic properties, classification and economic importance, where they are common.

Educational conditions

Bog-podzolic soils develop in poorly drained areas, which are characterized by temporary stagnation of moisture from the atmosphere and a high level of groundwater. Constant waterlogging leads to gleying, during which rusty-ocherous inclusions, gray spots and veinlets are formed in podzolic horizons or isolated gley layers.

Morphological appearance

The profile of bog-podzolic soils consists of horizons:

• forest litter 2-4 cm thick, which passes successively into weakly, medium and strongly decomposed humus horizon 5-30 cm thick;
• dark-colored fused humus horizon 10-15 cm thick, with a granular-cloddy structure;
• gleyed podzolic horizon 5-50 cm thick, light in color, with a scaly or platy structure, structureless;
• illuvial layer 20-50 cm thick, with ocher and bluish spots and streaks;
• soil-forming rock, strongly gleyed under the influence of soil moisture; if there is no soil moisture, there are no signs of gleying.

The main characteristics of bog-podzolic soils are pronounced acidity, a decrease in humus content with depth. Humus consists mainly of fulvic acids. The upper horizons are rich in silica, gleyed horizons are rich in mobile iron.

Properties

Bog-podzolic soils have unfavorable agronomic properties. Soils are not heated enough, are excessively moistened, poorly pass oxygen, they have little nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in an accessible form.

The fertility is low, the podzolic horizon contains only 1-2% humus, the illuvial horizon contains 0.5-0.6%. However, 0.8% of these lands are in agricultural use.

Classification

Bog-podzolic soils are divided into 6 subtypes. Peaty-podzolic soils with surface gleying are widespread in the northern and middle taiga, formed on rocks with a heavy mechanical composition. In the upper horizon of humus 1-2%, in the next - 0.5-0.6%.The reaction in all layers is acidic, especially strong in the upper horizons. The first layers are saturated with bases by 10-50%, the rock - by 60-70%. The gleyed layer contains mobile iron, the upper layer contains silica.

Musyl-podzolic with surface gleying are widespread in the western part of the southern taiga. The humus layer of humus can contain up to 20-30% with a predominance of ulmic acids, which are associated with calcium. The top layer is acidic, the bottom one is almost neutral. There are many bases in soils - up to 90%.

Peaty-podzolic soil-gley soils contain humus from 2-3% to 3-8%. The reaction is acidic, silt and sesquioxides accumulate in the illuvial layer, while there are few of them in the upper horizons.

Muslim-podzolic soil-gley soils are located in poorly drained areas, on rocks with a light composition. There is little humus - 1%, in the illuvial layer - up to 3-10%. In all layers, acidic, rich in bases.

Sod-podzolic with surface gleying are located in the southern taiga and forests and meadows. They contain 2-9% humus, the upper layers are acidic, the bases contain 40-60%. On carbonate rock, the soil is less acidic than usual.

Sod-podzolic subsoil-gley soils are found in the southern taiga in forests on sandy deposits, under which there is clay. The upper horizon contains humus 1-3%, illuvial - 2-10%. The reaction is acidic and neutral, respectively.

Use

Swamp-podzolic soils are not fertile without agrotechnical measures. In order for them to become suitable for agricultural use, it is necessary to regulate the thermal and water regimes, apply organic and mineral fertilizers. Ameliorative measures are applied for drainage, deep loosening and liming to reduce excessive acidity.

Bog-podzolic taiga soils are formed with strong moisture and lack of oxygen, which trigger the process of gleying. Their natural fertility is low, but after processing they can be used for economic use.

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