Early cabbage: top of the best varieties with characteristics and descriptions, photos

Early cabbage, regardless of variety and ripening period, is intended for fresh consumption or for preparing various seasonal dishes that do not require long-term storage. The yield of an early vegetable is low, and ripened heads of cabbage reach a size one and a half to two times smaller than those of late varieties of cabbage, but the purpose of the June forks is different, as the name implies - this is to replenish the body's vitamin reserve in the early summer period, and not harvesting for future use.

How to grow early cabbage

Starting to count the days, from the moment the sprouts appear in the seedling box, the harvest of early cabbage can be planned for 75-115 days.About two months from this period, it will take the formation of cabbage heads in the garden or in the greenhouse. It should be noted that the vegetable in the mass does not ripen at the same time. With a reasonable planting, that is, with the gradual introduction of seeds into the soil, and with a pause before the next sowing of 1-3 days, the harvest of early varieties can be stretched for 2-3 weeks.

Preparing the site for landing

Growing early varieties of cabbage on the same plot of land regularly, it is necessary to deploy a garden bed every three years to places where nightshade and legumes, potatoes or beets grew before. Reviews of gardeners confirm that such a soil by default will be rich in all the trace elements necessary for early varieties, have lightness characteristic of loam or sandstone and have acidity below the average level.

However, in any case, after the autumn digging, depleted land will require superphosphate or compost top dressing.

Fertilizer for application to the soil, is formed only after assessing the acidity of the soil. If the analysis (acetic test) indicates a high acidity value, the soil is first limed, and then it is fed.

Seedling growing method

Seeds of early varieties, collected by hand from the previous harvest, are disinfected and stimulated before planting - first they are kept in a manganese solution, then exposed to contrasting temperatures. After drying, the material is considered ready for planting.

Home cultivation of cabbage seedlings is difficult to maintain temperature and access to fresh air, so the boxes, immediately after the first greens hatch, it is better to transfer them to a closed greenhouse or to a glazed balcony. The thermometer readings during the day are regulated within 18-21 С, but at night the thermometer should not rise above 8 С (optimally 6-7^{C), otherwise, the grown seedlings will all go into a long stem.}

With the appearance of the first true leaf, night and day temperatures are almost equal:

16-18 ^{From - per day;}
14-15 ^{S - at night.}

From the same period, the upper (window) balcony or greenhouse frame can be slightly opened for 1-2 hours a day, providing a slight draft. For plants in the greenhouse, weekly preventive spraying with a manganese solution (pale) begins at this time. Balcony cabbage seedlings of early varieties, the procedure is carried out twice for the entire "nursery" period.

Seedless growing method

The description of the method differs from the usual, seedling, in that the seeds of early cabbage are planted directly into the soil, waiting for good weather conditions and stable soil temperatures, or using the greenhouse method. Seeds of an early variety of cabbage are brought into the ground, spilling them in a continuous stream into a moistened groove, deepening the material by 2 cm. After the formation of the 4th leaf, the cabbage sprouts break through, leaving the strongest and strongest.

Frequency of abandoned seedlings should not exceed 5 plants per 1 m².

Irrigation of white cabbage of an early variety is carried out with the same frequency, before the appearance of sprouts and after, already during the formation of real leaves. In arid zones, the regularity of soil moisture will be four times / week at a rate of 20 liters per 1 m^{2, in mid-latitudes - three times a week at a rate of 13-15 liters. Other aspects of caring for growing early cabbage will not differ from those used in seedling cultivation.}

Next - planting and care in the open field.

Planting cabbage in open ground and care

A sign that it is time to transfer early cabbage to open ground as soon as possible is the appearance of the 6th true leaf on the seedling - approximately on the 55-60th day. In central Russia, it is good to coincide with this period by April 15-20, when ground temperatures rise to 12-13 during the day ^C.

Planting early varieties of plants in a permanent place, produced immediately after the rain or in anticipation of it. If the ground is dry, it is first watered abundantly.

Early varieties of cabbage love space, so frequent planting of sprouts will impair its growth. The optimal scheme is 50 by 50 cm. If, for a number of reasons, yellowed leaves appear on some seedlings 5-8 days after transplantation, the sprout is removed, and another is planted in its place.

How to feed cabbage

Before the ovaries of early cabbage form heads, the plant is fed with nitrogen fertilizers, and when the head ripens, with potassium supplements. Feeding starts from the seventh day after planting the cabbage, and first of all, urea diluted in water is used for this at the rate of 5 teaspoons per bucket This amount of fertilizer is enough to irrigate 3 m ^{2 cabbage patch.}

Another 5-7 days later, cabbage, to form a larger head, is stimulated with an infusion of chicken manure, diluted with water 24 hours before watering, then settled, strained and supplemented with clean water in a ratio of 1:10.

Cabbage pests

In spring, insects are most active and voracious, so the question of why cabbage turns yellow or wilts is more related to their violent activity. Some of the most "malicious" inhabitants of cabbage beds are distinguished:

Cruciferous flea. To combat it, naphthalene is used, ground with fine sand, taken in proportion - 1 part of naphthalene to 5 parts of sand;
Cabbage aphid. It is washed off by abundant irrigation of seedlings with a 2% solution of anabasin sulfate or tobacco infusion diluted with soapy water.

If the cabbage of the early variety has turned yellow and does not respond to rehabilitation actions, after removing the pests from the garden, the plant is replaced with a he althy one. Doing this before all insects have been expelled does not make sense.

Best early varieties

In fact, the characteristics of all early varieties of white cabbage are approximately the same, but all the same, setting out to start growing a fast-growing vegetable, gardeners carefully study the descriptions of various hybrids, hoping to select the best varieties from the mass of proposals.Below is the top of the most popular types of early vegetable in Russia and each variety is given a corresponding description.

“Kazachok F1”

Early ripening hybrid cabbage "Kazachok" will give a harvest already 90-96 days from the moment of sowing or 45-47 days from the start of growing cabbage in open ground. When ripe, the maximum weight of a cabbage fork of this variety is 1.6 kg.

External characteristics of the variety: smooth rounded vegetable with a pale green color of the outer leaf and a warm, yellowish tinge of the core. The taste of the hybrid is neutral. The variety tolerates low temperatures well and is resistant to root rot.

"Transfer F1"

Cabbage "Transfer", after ripening, gives a head of cabbage smaller than the average size - 1-1.2 kg. The hybrid requires a longer period for ripening than the previous variety - at least 130 days from sowing seeds in a box. The yield of the vegetable is very high - under favorable conditions, about 1000 kg per 1 ha.This is due to the calm attitude of the variety to cold, the resistance of the cabbage head to cracking and the weak susceptibility of Transfer cabbage to diseases.

The ripening of heads of this variety occurs in approximately one period. The characteristic of external qualities is the rich light green color of the outer leaf and the white core.

"June"

Cabbage "June" is an ultra-early hybrid with a ripening period of 93-95 days from the moment of sowing the seeds. This variety does not suffer from dense plantings and calmly tolerates the fall of the thermometer column to 4 ^{С. June cabbage gives a high yield of the largest heads of all known early varieties of these cruciferous - their weight reaches 2.4 kg. When harvested late, the cabbage heads do not burst or rot from the stalk.}

As described, June sprout is one of the oldest early hybrids.

Pandion F1

Relatively cold-resistant variety "Pandion", recommended for planting, starting from the 10th of May. Its cultivation, on average, takes 95-100 days and does not organize great difficulties. Cabbage "Pandion F1" is resistant to decay and does not shoot arrows for a long time when overexposure on the vine. The size of a head of cabbage when ripe does not exceed 1.5 kg.

Taste characteristics are high - the variety is widely used for cooking first courses and salads.

"Nozomi"

Cabbage "Nozomi" is presented in the form of an early ripe vegetable with a super-dense structure of a head of cabbage weighing 1.3-1.5 kg. The vegetable is suitable for growing for wholesale, as it ripens with full preservation of its presentation, and tolerates short-term transportation well.

The yield of the variety is high - within 3000 kg of cabbage per 1 ha (hectare) of planted area. The variety is weakly susceptible to root rot, Alternaria, tolerates cold well.

"Sir F1"

French hybrid, Cyr F1 cabbage does not suffer from heat as much as other early varieties and does not stop in development at temperatures from 25^{C. When you cut the heads of the first harvest, you can determine by the appearance of the vegetable - the cabbage is leveled to a spherical shape, the leaves turn pale to a faded green.}

The weight of cabbage heads ranges from 2-2.3 kg, planting density is up to 65,000 seedlings per hectare of planting area.

Oracle F1

Cabbage "Oracle F1" ripens on 93-97 days from planting seeds in the ground and belongs to ultra-early varieties.It is often grown in polycarbonate greenhouses or under a double film, starting from the first days of April. In this case, already at the end of June there is an opportunity to get a crop of identical-looking, round cabbage heads that have a good presentation.

Approximate weight of cabbage heads is 1.5 kg.

Golden Hectare

Cabbage "Golden hectare", with excellent taste, has the smallest reserve period of storage in unprocessed form - up to 30 days. At the same time, cabbage tolerates short transportation well, gives a very significant yield - about 8000 kg per hectare - and has practically no enemies among insects.

The size of the heads is above average, the weight of the vegetable is about 2.5 kg.

Copenhagen Market

Copenhagen cabbage belongs to the medium early types of cruciferous and gives fairly average, but stable yields, within 4000 kg per hectare.Heads are best cut before they are fully ripe, as the variety tends to accumulate moisture and crack when harvested late.

The average weight of cabbage heads is 2.4 kg, the crop is harvested simultaneously from the entire planting area.

"Gribovskaya 147"

Cabbage "Gribovskaya" is distinguished by a uniquely high content of ascorbic acid in the leaves, which is why they try to grow this variety in as large quantities as possible. True, due to the long ripening period (up to 115 days), this cabbage appears on sale later than other early varieties. Nevertheless, its cultivation is considered profitable, since cabbage tolerates temperature fluctuations well, is unpretentious to humidity and always has a wonderful presentation.

Cons - the description of the variety emphasizes that "Gribovskaya" is weakly resistant to keel and decay, and also bursts with excess moisture.

Akira F1

Akira cabbage is the record holder for early ripening, because it takes about 90 days to grow from the moment the seeds are planted. In view of the need to quickly plant a vegetable in the ground, it is not recommended to prepare open beds for the Akira variety. It is best to use tunnel film cover.

Like most hybrid varieties from Asia, "Akira" has a very compact, neat appearance - a small, weighing up to two kilograms head of rich salad color and dense, shiny upper leaves. Akira tolerates transportation better than other varieties, does not rot in the mass and can be stored for up to two months at low temperatures.