Onion sets: planting and care in the open field, diseases and their control

Growing onions requires a lot of effort from the summer resident, organizing proper planting care. Therefore, many gardeners consider this plant capricious. The most convenient option is planting and caring for onion sets in the open field. Sevok - bulbs of small size, having a diameter of 1.5-2.5 centimeters, growing in the first year of sowing seeds. To facilitate the process of growing a plant, some knowledge about preparing the soil, planting material, caring for seedlings planted in open ground will help.

Technology for growing onion sets

Onion is a biennial plant that produces an onion in the first year, and seeds in the second year, which are called nigella for its color.To get onion sets, fresh seeds must be sown in the spring. Before planting, the nigella is soaked in water for 2-3 hours, and then wrapped in a moistened cloth for a couple of days. After some seeds begin to germinate, the seed is dried to a loose state.

Growing from seeds of onion sets begins with soil preparation. First of all, grooves are formed that have a depth of 2 centimeters. The distance between the furrows is 10 centimeters. The seed material is sown tightly, and then the grooves are mulched with peat or humus.

To get a large set, you will need to regularly thin out their seedlings. Growing and caring for onion sets requires fertilization. Plant culture must be fed with liquid mullein at a rate of 10 liters of the product per 1 square meter. A composition of 1 liter of fertilizer and 10 liters of water is being prepared.

You can remove the sets after the feather fades and falls, and the bulbous necks acquire a thin and soft structure. The harvested crop is dried, cleared of tops, sorted by size. All bulbs, except for the largest, are placed in a 6-10 cm layer in small boxes or bags made of cloth, 2-3 kilograms each. You can store them at a temperature of 16-18 degrees.

Preparing the soil for planting

Before planting onions in open ground, it is necessary to fully prepare the soil. The place where the planting material will be planted should be located on a lighted summer cottage. The best place is soil with deep deposits of groundwater. This arrangement will avoid over-watering the plant, which often leads to crop wilt.

The soil is being prepared in winter.Before the onset of cold weather, the earth is dug up at a depth of 16-20 centimeters. Fertilizers are applied to the beds. The best option is manure or peat compost. It is necessary to fertilize the soil before the onset of cold weather, this cannot be done before planting the seedlings.

You should also evaluate the acidity of the soil, as onions do not grow in an acidic environment. To reduce acidity, chalk, wood ash is introduced into the ground. Lime and fertilizers should not be applied at the same time, otherwise the level of soil fertility will decrease: nitrogen, which is necessary for the formation of full-fledged plant crops, is eliminated from manure and peat. Grown onions in the ground prepared according to the presented scheme are distinguished by large bulbs.

When is the best time to plant seeds?

The best time for planting sevka are the last days of April. Such terms are due to the fact that most varieties of onion sets are resistant to cold.If you plant later, the top layer of soil will quickly dry out and lose accumulated moisture. Such processes adversely affect the rooting of the bulbs, which slows down the emergence of seedlings, contributes to the incomplete maturation of the culture. For disembarkation, the air temperature should be between 12-14 degrees.

In the Urals and Siberian territories, the landing should begin in early May - from about the 5-10th. At this time, the soil temperature reaches 7 degrees.

Also, some summer residents plant seed sevok before winter. They do it in the second half of October.

How to plant onion sets?

Before planting onion sets, it is necessary to properly prepare the seed. Preparation of any varieties of onion sets is to follow the following instructions:

To increase growth and yield, the seedlings need to be warmed up before planting. The material is distributed on a flat surface and left for 2-3 weeks at a temperature of 18-20 degrees. Then the onion is heated at a temperature of 38-40 degrees for 7-10 hours.
Then, disinfection and stimulation of the growth of planting material is done. Mineral fertilizers are used for stimulation. Before processing, the seeds are washed with water, alternating warm and cold temperatures. Then the bulbs are immersed in mineral fertilizers for 5-7 hours. Then disinfection is carried out using potassium permanganate or copper sulfate.
There is also a folk recipe for preparing planting material. Onions are dried at a temperature of 20 degrees for 1 week. Then the sevok is washed in a saline solution, and then kept in it for 2-3 hours. The onion is washed with running water, immersed in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for disinfection for 2 hours.Then the seed is washed with water, dried until the top layer dries.

After the events carried out, you can plant the head in open ground.

Onion Planting Scheme

Red beds should be organized in place of tomatoes, eggplant, pumpkin, potatoes or cereals. It is better not to plant sets in the place where garlic is grown, as the soil in this place is very depleted.

Planting should start with clearing the place of debris. It is also required to fertilize the soil with the following minerals:

superphosphate: 6 grams of fertilizer is applied per 1 square meter;
urea: 1 gram of substance is taken per 1 square meter;
potassium chloride: 2 grams of fertilizer is needed per square meter.

Substances are scattered on the ground, and then the soil is cultivated.

7 days before planting the crop, it is necessary to disinfect the soil with a solution prepared from 1 tablespoon of copper sulfate and 1 bucket of water. Then you can start landing. Growing onions from sets is carried out in several ways. The most popular of them are plantings before winter and in spring. The method of planting is identical to spring, except that with cold weather, plantings are covered with mulch.

Planting onions in spring

1 week before transplanting, the soil should be dug up and watered with a solution of copper sulfate and water. Further, when landing, you should follow the instructions:

Bulbs that are 1 centimeter in diameter should be planted 5 centimeters apart. If the diameter of the bulbs is 1.5 centimeters, they should be planted at a distance of 8 centimeters. With a diameter of 2 centimeters, a gap of 10 centimeters must be observed.
There should be a distance of 20-25 centimeters between the beds, under this condition, the onion root system will actively develop.
Sevok is planted to a depth of five centimeters.
The upper parts of the onions are sprinkled with mulch in the form of sawdust, straw. The thickness of the mulch should be within 3-4 centimeters.

If the summer resident has a walk-behind tractor, a gap of 60-72 centimeters should be made between the rows. If the seedlings are planted according to the indicated instructions, it will be possible to harvest in August.

Care

Onion care implies compliance with the rules of watering, fertilizing, as well as protection from pests and diseases.

Sprouted sets are often attacked by onion flies. You can determine the presence of the disease by yellowing feathers. If such signs appear, the planting should be discarded, since its bulb will no longer be suitable for human consumption.Because of this, each summer resident must treat the planted sevok with special solutions that protect against pests and onion diseases. Among folk remedies, a solution of potassium permanganate and tobacco ash is especially popular.

Also, one of the aspects of planting care is the timely loosening of the soil, which contributes to the enrichment of the root system with oxygen. If this rule is neglected, various pathologies can attack the bow.

If the onion does not die from pests, you need to pay attention to neighboring plantings. The destructive neighbors for onions are garlic, carrots. If tomatoes, cucumbers or cabbage are planted next to the sevka, the plantings are not affected by pests.

Feeding sevka

First dressing should be applied 2-3 weeks after planting. During this period, the Onion begins to actively form leaves.Urea is used as a fertilizer: 25 grams of the product is dissolved in 10 liters of water. The specified amount of liquid is used to process 10-12 running meters. Also at this time, you can feed the plants with nitrophoska, nitroammofoska.

For watering 1 square meter, 25 grams of product and 10 liters of water are used. After fertilizing, the bulbous arrows must be thinned out. After fertilizing, the plant should be watered from a fine-meshed watering can, washing off the remnants of substances from the greenery.

The following top dressing is carried out with the help of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. It is done 3 weeks after the first. To do this, you can use 25 grams of superphosphate and 10 grams of potassium s alt. You can also use 40 grams of nitroammophoska dissolved in 10 liters of water.

If the plants are weak, you can carry out a third top dressing. For this, phosphorus-potassium compounds are used. The dosage of the drug corresponds to the second feeding.

How to water onions?

In order for the onion to fully develop, it needs a small amount of water, but constantly moist soil in the first month after germination, as well as during the development of the bulb. At first, watering is carried out 1 time in 2 weeks, in dry weather, the number of waterings is doubled. When increasing the amount of watering, it is necessary to loosen the soil.

In order for the plant to form a good turnip, the soil should be watered to a 10-cm layer in the first month. Gradually, by the phase of bulb development, this layer increases to 25 centimeters. In the last month of growing any of the varieties of onion sets, watering stops. It is replaced by regular loosening of the soil, freeing the upper bulbous part from the ground.

Storage and harvesting of sevka

After the bulb has acquired a yellow tint and has ceased to form feathers, you can start harvesting. Most often, harvesting takes place in mid-August or early September. The harvest is washed, cleaned of husks, dry feathers, roots.

Then the onions are dried in a ventilated area for several weeks. After dry scales appear on the bulb, it can be stored.

Growed bulbs from sets should be stored in a dark, cool room. If the onion has been grown in accordance with all the recommendations above, any variety and name will have a long shelf life.