Black Eye Bean: variety description, cultivation and care with photo

Growing a good crop of beans Black eye is the dream of many gardeners. The beans and shoulder blades of this plant are at the peak of popularity.

He althy eating groups have formed. People are interested in he althy food. Products should contain a balanced amount of vitamins, minerals, fiber. There are certain nutritional and taste requirements for dishes. Black eye meets all the standards of a he althy diet.

Beans and cosmetologists did not ignore. Extracts from the Black Eye are part of creams, masks. Scrubs made from dried and ground beans are popular.

History

For the first time this bean is mentioned in the Talmud in the year 500. It is part of the festive dish. The product was delivered to America from Asia. It began to be grown in the South American states.

After some time, cowpeas began to be planted in the west of the continent. In the 18th century, this popular staple was included in many American dishes.

In the 19th century, after the end of the war between the North and the South, beans became especially popular. This is due to the ease of growing the crop: it required a lot of nutritious and tasty foods.

From America Black Eye migrated to Europe. The plant quickly spread there. It has been observed that planting cowpeas enriches the soil with nitrogen, which increases the yield of subsequent plantings.

Variety description

Botanists consider white beans with a black eye to be a member of the Vigna unguiculata family. Her description:

annual plant;
height no more than 0.3 m;
trifoliate bean type leaves;
fruit - white bean pod with black spot;
bean ripening period: 120 days;
difference from beans - curvature of flower corollas;
demanding to heat (a short frost ruins plantings);
Black eye shading resistance;
bean sensitivity to soil moisture;
grows on loamy, sandy and clay soils;
increased acidity of the soil does not affect the yield of beans;
really get up to 3 kg of beans per plant;
excellent honey plant.

During germination, beans consume up to 100% of their own weight of water. Gardeners know that in arid regions, a good harvest can only be obtained with an established irrigation system.

Useful properties

The main value of the Black Eye is the presence of protein (23 g/100 g). It completely replaces animal protein. Beans are an alternative for people who do not eat meat and dairy products.

Vigna supplies a person with B, PP, A, C vitamins, iron, calcium s alts. Beans have an optimal ratio of potassium and sodium. This helps to remove excess fluid from the body.

Carbohydrates in beans contain 60 g/100 g of product. They are easily absorbed by the body. Fat Black Eye has 1g/ 100g

Total caloric content of the product - 340 kcal. This ensures the inclusion of beans in the diet of people watching body weight.

How to choose the right one?

When buying a Black Eye for planting, gardeners should pay attention to the condition of the beans:

they should be the same size (this ensures uniform germination);
whole skin, no cracks or breaks;
color white, glossy, with a characteristic black eye;
no dirty spots, growths;
Bean seeds should feel dry to the touch.

You should pay attention to the time of production: cowpea retains maximum germination for 16-18 months.

Growing

The black eye, with proper care, provides gardeners with a high yield. Growing Tips:

The success of the enterprise depends on the proper choice of planting material.
In the Middle lane it is recommended to grow the Black Eye through seedlings. There is enough warm period in the south of beans.
It is recommended to plant beans in the ground when the earth warms up to 15-17 degrees at a depth of 10 cm.
The soil should be fertilized with organic matter (a bucket per square meter) and a mineral complex (as recommended by the manufacturer).
It is recommended to sow beans with pre-soaked seeds according to the scheme 70x80 cm.
Give the plants a solid foundation. A wire stretched between the posts will do.
It is recommended to loosen and remove weeds.
Required to monitor soil moisture: cowpea does not tolerate drought and excess water.

Gardeners are recommended to remember: before planting it is necessary to moisten the ridges.

Features of care

In the southern regions of cowpea gives higher yields. When growing beans in dry places, be sure to consider an artificial irrigation system.

When buds appear, add potassium (5 g/square meter) and phosphorus (15 g/square meter) to the soil.

It is recommended to collect mature bean pods in a timely manner: this speeds up the formation of new ones.

Harvesting

You can collect shoulder blades or pods with ripe beans. The blades are plucked 45 days after germination. At this time, the seeds will be the size of a grain of wheat.

The pods are plucked after the sashes are dry to the touch. The fruits are peeled, the beans are separated into seeds and sale.

Storage rules

The gardener is advised to prepare a place to store the Black Eye. Green shoulder beans are bagged and frozen.

The beans are aired and put in plastic containers with a layer of 10-15 cm. To protect against weevil, bay leaves or cloves of unpeeled garlic are placed in boxes. The temperature in the storage should not exceed 10 degrees Celsius. Permissible humidity - within 30%.

Benefits and harms

The benefits of the Black Eye - the use of the plant in dietetics, cosmetology, medicine. In agriculture, the soil after planting cowpeas is enriched with nitrogen and becomes more fertile.

Harm can be caused by exceeding the amount of beans in the diet or individual intolerance to plant components.

Pests and diseases

Vigna is disease resistant. Illiterate agricultural technology causes the greatest harm to plantings.

In the tubers of the roots of the plant sometimes there is a nematode. This harms subsequent plants.

Application

The black eye is applied in several areas.

In medicine

Doctors prescribe dishes from cowpea blades for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Beans help those with heart disease. They remove excess fluid from the body.

Cooking

Customers appreciated the taste of cowpea dishes. They like soups, side dishes, sauces. The Georgian lobio is especially successful.

In cosmetology

Some salons offer masks and natural creams with an extract from young bean blades. Dry ground beans are used as a scrub. Decoctions and infusions of the plant serve as the basis for refreshing lotions.