Decorative beans: description of varieties, cultivation, planting and care with photos

Ornamental beans fell in love with gardeners for unpretentiousness in care and cultivation. Its main purpose is to decorate various structures. By planting a crop on their site, gardeners receive not only a decorative decoration, but also he althy beans, which are famous for their low calorie content.

Characteristic of ornamental beans

Growing decorative beans will not bring much trouble. This unpretentious plant easily copes with the role of a decorative element of landscape design. When the culture blooms, it gives an unusual charm to any, even the simplest dacha.

As a rule, culture is woven along the walls. The main thing is to make it a solid support that will not break under the mass of greenery. Ornamental beans grow intensively, bushes reach 5 meters.

Another purpose of the crop is to saturate the soil with nitrogen. This element accumulates in the roots of plants. Many gardeners prefer to plant beans between the rows of potatoes, thus increasing its yield by 70%. In addition, the plant prevents the development of late blight, and its foliage is used as compost and fertilizer.

The fruits of ornamental beans are edible, they are rich in vegetable protein, zinc, vitamins A, B, C, E, iron, calcium and other useful trace elements. Only purple beans are not used in cooking.

Decorative bean varieties

If you determine the varieties of ornamental beans to taste, then even the most inveterate gourmets will not be able to feel the difference. The same applies to the size and shape of the fruit. The only difference between the varieties is the color scheme. Curly beans have many varieties:

1. Purple beans. Named after the color of the flowers. Gardeners prefer this culture for its attractive appearance. The variety is used as an ornamental decoration, its fruits are inedible.
2. Golden nectar bean variety. It is characterized by an unusual yellow-gold color of the shoulder blades. Suitable for those who love asparagus beans. In cooking, unripe pods of this culture are used.
3. Spanish white. It is characterized by large beans, which distinguishes it from other peeling varieties. Its fruits are large, they cook quickly, because they have a thin skin. This variety is excellent for cooking borscht, stews, canning and stewing. Only grains are eaten, the pods of this variety are not edible.
4. Borlotto beans. Already by the name you can determine that Spain is the birthplace of this variety. Nevertheless, she fell in love with domestic gardeners.This climbing cultivar produces red flowers and flat fruits with a marbled dark red pattern. 4-5 grains are extracted from one pod. As the fruits ripen, a dark pattern appears.
5. Green giant bean variety. Among other varieties of asparagus beans, this species is distinguished by large pods. Their length reaches 22 cm. They have a sweet, delicate taste and are characterized by the absence of parchment, as well as fibers. Another advantage of the variety is that it bears fruit in stages, gardeners harvest before the first frost.
6. Grain bean variety Violet. A peeling variety that, under favorable conditions, reaches a length of three meters. Ripe grains are characterized by a dark purple color. Tellingly, the pods of this variety also have a delicate purple color. Such a culture will become a "landmark" of any site.
7. Purple Queen bean variety. It is characterized by beautiful purple flowers and beans of the same color. 50 days after germination, gardeners harvest the first crop. The grains of the variety are white, characterized by a very delicate taste.
8. Curly Fiery Red Beans. Another name is Winner or Turkish beans. This is the most unpretentious variety of legumes. Actively grown as an ornament. Its bright red flowers and bright green greenery will breathe life into even the most dreary building. Moreover, the fruits of this culture are also decorative. Their color ranges from white to light purple with a black pattern.
9. Bluehilda. A variety with purple flowers, pods and even leaves. True, the latter acquire a dark purple hue with time. This is a late ripening crop, in the middle lane it is grown in seedlings. It blooms for a very long time, almost until the first frost. Pods reach 23 cm in length. What is characteristic, during heat treatment, they turn green. It is highly not recommended to keep them in the garden, otherwise they will become tough.
10. African bean Vigna. The most productive variety of asparagus beans, but loves care. The length of its pods reaches 1 meter in length.Its peculiarity is that it blooms at night. During the day, it closes its purple flowers, transforming them into unattractive yellow-brown buds. Up to 200 beans can be harvested from one bush of this variety of beans.

Date of planting

Decorative beans are not resistant to cold weather. Therefore, its planting is possible only after the temperature of the soil at a depth of 7-10 cm is not lower than 10 degrees. This is the beginning, mid-May, it all depends on the region. In order for the culture to grow better and be less exposed to various misfortunes, the seeds undergo preliminary preparation before planting. To do this, they are soaked in a solution of potassium permanganate for 10-15 hours. To stimulate growth, many gardeners add a special liquid.

Soil preparation

First of all, under the beans you need to choose a well-lit area.In a dark place, full-fledged growth of culture is impossible. The best predecessors of legumes are tomatoes, cabbage, cucumbers. Soil preparation is carried out in the fall. It is deeply dug up and fed with potassium or superphosphate compounds. This procedure contributes to the good development of plants and the rich color of their flowers. Also, since autumn, humus is introduced into the soil, and in the spring they are fed with mineral fertilizers. Acidic soils are lime before planting.

Beans can grow and produce a good harvest anywhere, but in wet cold weather, the crop is more vulnerable to diseases and pests.

Pay attention! The soil for planting ornamental beans should not be oversaturated with nitrogen. No nitrogen fertilizers are applied to it. Otherwise, the yield will be reduced due to the excessive development of green mass.

How to sow ornamental bean seeds

Before sowing, the soil must be moistened. 3 grains are poured into each well. The distance between the holes is at least 20 cm, between the rows - at least 40 cm. To create more comfortable conditions, the planted area is covered with a film. Also, this method will protect against possible frosts.

In the southern regions, sowing in the ground can be done twice a season. In this case, preference is given to early-ripening varieties, the vegetation of which takes no more than 10 weeks.

Planting ornamental beans using the seedling method

For seedling cultivation, the crop is planted at the end of May. It is best to plant seeds in pots filled with peat. One grain is planted in each container. For the development of plants, the optimum temperature is required (from 18 to 22 degrees). In such conditions, the seeds will sprout quite quickly. When the plants reach 10 cm, they are required to provide support.Shoots do not pinch.

Undeveloped plants are transplanted into open ground. Otherwise, they will not be able to quickly adapt to new conditions, which will negatively affect the process of their further growth.

Decorative bean care

Beans categorically do not tolerate cold temperatures. Even mature plants are susceptible to the negative effects of cold, not to mention young seedlings. Therefore, immediately after planting the culture, the site is covered with a film. This will provide the necessary conditions for growth and protect against low temperatures, as weather conditions are notorious for their volatility, especially in recent years.

Irrigation features

Regular watering is of great importance in the development of culture. Especially during hot and dry weather. Beans are watered immediately after the formation of a dry crust on the ground. Before flowering, watering is carried out more often, plants should receive moisture at least twice a week.

Also, plants are watered after each weeding. You can water directly from the spout of the watering can, pour water into the middle of the rows. It is important that the water is purified and does not contain impurities.

Feeding

Immediately it should be noted that the beans are not fed with fresh manure. For these purposes, organic or superphosphate compounds are used. It is unacceptable for the mixture to fall on the leaves of plants, otherwise they may get burned. Therefore, dry dressings are laid out directly on the soil, and liquid ones are carefully applied between the rows, using a watering can.

Mulching will bring great benefits to the culture. Gardeners use sawdust, hay or straw for these purposes.

Bean garter

Climbing and asparagus crop varieties need a mandatory garter. A special support is constructed near them (wire, mesh or thick twine).Some gardeners, not wanting to mess with poles, drive wooden stakes 1.5-2 m high near the bushes. In the process of plant growth, their stems are directed to the support, after which they twist onto it on their own.

Diseases

Like any garden crop, ornamental beans can be subject to diseases and pests. The most common crop diseases are:

1. Bacteriosis. The name of this disease speaks for itself. It is caused by various types of bacteria. A characteristic feature of the disease is the appearance of yellowish spots on the leaves, in the center of which brown areas appear over time. The reason for the development of bacteriosis is that pathogenic microorganisms are initially present on bean seeds. Therefore, as a prevention of this disease, the seeds are heated for about two hours at a temperature of 60 degrees.The chances of being affected by bacteriosis increase under adverse weather conditions. To prevent the disease, 1% Bordeaux liquid and mineral compounds are applied to the soil.
2. Anthracnose. This is a fungal disease that develops in wet and cold weather. The disease is manifested by the formation of yellow spots on the entire surface of plants. Leaves eventually turn yellow and die. As a preventative measure, seeds must be carefully selected before planting. They should not show any signs of illness. Before planting, they are soaked in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. When a disease appears on at least one of the leaves, the affected area must be removed, since anthracnose is very contagious. When a disease is detected, the beans are sprayed with Bordeaux liquid.

It is important to remember that pathogenic microorganisms tend to persist in the soil. Therefore, it will be possible to re-plant beans on the same site no earlier than in three years.

Pests

Most often, ornamental beans are attacked by whiteflies, aphids, sprout flies. However, pests can overtake a crop not only in the process of growth. Often bugs start in beans that are in storage. This applies to grain aphids, which are especially often planted in storage. Beetles lay larvae on the grains, which leads to their decay and blackening.

To avoid insect attacks, it is important to harvest on time. If the pods are cracked, pests are more likely to start in them. If small bugs have already started, then the fruits must be determined for several days in the freezer or steamed. Store grains in a dry and airtight place. If it is a glass jar, then it must be tightly closed with a lid.

In the process of growth, ornamental beans can be treated with agrochemicals no more than once, strictly observing the proportions indicated by the manufacturer on the package.

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