Grapes in the Moscow region: growing without a greenhouse in the open field for beginners

Grapes are among heat-loving plants. At the same time, it is possible to grow a crop on the territory of the Moscow region. Moreover, the latter option, under certain circumstances, is more convenient. When planting grapes in the Moscow region and growing without a greenhouse, the plant is not exposed to pathogenic microorganisms characteristic of heat-loving regions.

Features of growing grapes in the suburbs

To achieve the ripening of grapes, you must follow a few rules, how to grow a plant. The berry is recommended to be planted on the south side of the site, near buildings or any structures along which the vine will curl.Varieties with dark berries have higher growing area requirements

Planting a crop in the Moscow region is carried out according to several rules:

depending on the type of soil, they dig a hole of 25-50 centimeters;
before planting, the bottom of the pit is trampled down, after which it is filled with preheated water;
a mixture of organics, ash, potassium, s altpeter and superphosphate is used as a fertilizer.

For the Moscow region, varieties are chosen that have time to ripen before the ambient temperature drops to minus levels. A crop is planted in open and heated ground.

Observing all the features of cultivation, you can achieve a constant and high yield. It is also important to cover the grapes before the onset of cold weather.

Tips for choosing a variety

The list of the best grape varieties includes early, frost-resistant and non-covering plants. Suitable for cultivation in the Moscow region:

Aleshenkin. This grape, after planting in the Moscow region, gives a harvest in 118 days. The brushes are very large (reach 1.5 kilograms). This variety is different in that the berries do not contain seeds. Aleshenkin remains viable at a temperature of -26 degrees. However, this variety has poor fungal resistance.
Victoria. Harvesting from grapes of this variety is carried out after 4 months. The berries are dark pink in color, large in size and have a sweet taste. The brush weighs up to 1 kilogram.
Lydia. The berries are dark in color and have a sweet and sour taste. Lydia tolerates waterlogging of the soil and the effects of mildew and oidium. Harvest appears 5 months after flowering. Lydia forms medium-sized brushes weighing about 100 grams.
Kuderka. Despite the fact that the grapes bear fruit late, the vine has time to ripen in the Moscow region. This is explained by the fact that the variety withstands frosts down to -30 degrees and makes few demands on the growing area. Kuderka is considered a technical variety of grapes, as it is used mainly for making wine.
Jupiter. Harvest can be harvested after 4 months. The weight of Jupiter clusters reaches 500 grams. Berries are distinguished by a purple color, sweet and slightly nutmeg flavor. Jupiter withstands frosts down to -27 degrees.
Sovering Tiara. The plant gives a harvest by mid-August. The weight of the bunch is small and is about 200 grams. The three-year-old vine is able to withstand frosts down to -30 degrees. The taste of the berries is sweet and sour.
Valiant. Grapes are distinguished by a powerful vine, the length of which reaches 10 meters. Harvest can be harvested closer to the beginning of autumn. An adult vine can withstand frosts down to -10 degrees.
Phenomena. White-yellow berries are suitable mainly for making wine. The weight of the bunch reaches 1 kilogram. This variety produces a harvest by the beginning of autumn.
Alpha. The variety is well suited for planting in the Moscow region, as it can withstand frosts down to -35 degrees. Alpha gives a harvest by the end of August. Up to 10 kilograms can be harvested from one vine.
Buffalo. In the Moscow region, such grapes yield in mid-September. The plant has time to ripen before the onset of autumn cold weather.

For the Moscow region, it is recommended to select self-pollinating crops. The best choice would be a culture that can withstand the effects of pathogenic fungi.

Date of planting

In order for the culture to take root in the Moscow region, it is necessary to observe the deadlines for planting the vine. Moreover, the type of variety affects the choice of period. Planting culture in the Moscow region is carried out in spring or autumn.If the first option is chosen, it is necessary to wait for the soil to warm up to a temperature of +10 degrees.

It is important not to miss this moment. Late seedlings take root poorly.

In the fall, it is recommended to leave annual plants. Such grapes should be carefully removed from the storage container. In young shoots, the roots are damaged due to minor loads. Planting must be completed by mid-October.

Selection of seedlings and plot

The choice of a place for planting a crop in the Moscow region must be done with special diligence. Despite the fact that the plant loves an abundance of light rays, it is not recommended to grow a vine in open areas. Such a planting in the suburbs will lead to rapid freezing of seedlings.

For vineyards suitable sites that meet the following requirements:

south or southwest side;
during the day for a long time illuminated by the sun;
have wind protection;
no natural slopes;
earth warms up quickly in spring.

Grapes can grow in different types of soils. Chernozem or sandstone are considered optimal for planting. Can also be grown in loam. Moreover, the latter option is the most suitable, since this type of soil is looser, due to which it warms up faster in the spring. It is not recommended to plant a crop in wetlands. Most varieties do not tolerate an abundance of moisture, due to which fungal diseases develop.

Seedlings are recommended to be purchased in the spring, until the first days of April. For planting in the Moscow region, sprouts with lush roots of a light shade are suitable. When working with seedlings, it is necessary to prepare planting material.To do this, the roots are cut so that the length in the end is about 18 centimeters. Before planting, the lower part of the seedling is dipped in a solution of clay (2 parts) and fermented mullein (1 part), and the upper part is dipped in melted wax or paraffin.

Boarding procedure

For planting crops in the Moscow region, it is recommended to choose zones with multilayer soil and acidity in the range of 6.5-7. Do not grow grapes in soil with a high content of limestone.

The soil is prepared by mixing in equal proportions:

loam;
crushed brick (gravel);
sand;
humus.

Also, ash and superphosphates are added to the composition at the rate of 500 grams and 50 grams, respectively, per 1 square meter. Such soil freely passes water and air, providing normal nutrition to the vine.The optimal time for planting a crop with a closed root system is May-June, with an open one - April-May or October.

If you plan to grow several plants on the plot, pits should be dug at a distance of more than 1.5 meters.

Regardless of the variety chosen, the culture in the Moscow region is planted to a depth of 25 centimeters. Before burying a plant, you must:

straighten the roots, thereby preventing wringing;
place the top kidney at a depth of 5-8 centimeters;
tilt the vine towards the north.

After planting, the seedling must be tied to a support along which it will curl. At the end, the grapes are abundantly watered with warm water and closed for a while with a dark film.

Caring for grapes

Regardless of the type of variety grown in the Moscow region, grapes need care.By following certain recommendations, you can get a large harvest every year. There are several rules on how to care for grapes growing in the Moscow region. Starting from early spring, it is necessary to apply mineral fertilizers. The soil around the vine is mulched with rotted foliage, which is laid to a depth of more than three centimeters.

When growing a plant in the Moscow region, it is important to prevent magnesium deficiency in the soil. The lack of this trace element leads to the death of the vine. To prevent the development of diseases, you should spray the plant every two weeks. For this, a special tool is used, which is prepared by mixing 250 grams of a mixture of magnesium and sulfur and a bucket of water.

In the spring, mineral fertilizers with a liquid composition are also applied every week (until the berries ripen). As a top dressing use:

for soil with a high alkali content - compounds that acidify the soil;
for acidic soil - alkalizing compounds.

During the period when the growing season began, humus from the leaves should be applied, while simultaneously treating the trunk with fungicides. It is important to water the grapes in a timely manner, preventing waterlogging of the area. When growing a plant in the Moscow region, it should be ensured that water penetrates to a depth of 50 centimeters. Usually 10 liters applied every week is enough for the vine. Watering is carried out in grooves that break through not far from the trunk. At the end of August, they stop supplying water, as during this period the berries gain flavor.

When caring for the vine, agricultural technology is usually not used. The need for mechanized plants arises when several plants are grown on the site at the same time.

Shaping and trimming

Formation of the crown avoids the appearance of shoots that will not produce a crop.But for this you need to know how to cut the grapes. When growing a plant in the Moscow region, they begin to form a crown in the fall, from the second year. In the first season, experienced gardeners recommend not touching the seedlings. A year after planting, the vine should get stronger and gain the necessary strength.

Starting from the second season, they begin to form shoots. Trimming is carried out in two stages:

Autumn. Before cold weather, cut to 2/3 of the vine that needs to be removed.
Spring. Frozen or defective shoots are removed.

Tracking the development of shoots is recommended from the beginning of the appearance of shoots. Large branches should not be allowed to appear. In this case, the yield of grapes will decrease.

The simplest method of circumcision is the Guyno method, which involves the following manipulations:

In the first year after planting, pruned in autumn, leaving two "eyes" above the soil surface.
In the second year, 2 regrown annual shoots are cut. The first is left long to form clusters, the second is shortened to three "eyes".

In the third year, a strong vine will appear from the second "eye", which will produce a harvest.

How to cover grapes for the winter?

Preparation for the cold season begins in autumn. Sheltering grapes growing in the Moscow region for the winter should be during the period when persistent night frosts appear with a temperature of -2 degrees. In the process of preparing the plant for cold weather, earth or peat is used. For shelter for the winter, the cut shoots are covered with soil by 10-15 centimeters.

If necessary, the vine, with the help of improvised means or branches, is fixed on the surface of the earth. From above, the plant is covered with spruce branches. If the vine grows along the wall, boards are laid on top of the cut shoots, which will protect the grapes from water flowing from the roof.

In order for the vine to retain its ability to produce a crop, it is recommended to collect as much snow as possible and put it in the place where the crop grows. To warm the plant, do not use plastic wrap. In the absence of spruce branches, straw or leaves are used.

Removing shelter in spring

Spring culture is released from shelter. The earth layer is removed, and the organic insulation is removed only for a day. At night, it is recommended to re-lay leaves or spruce branches. Between March and May, do not remove sticks or other means that fix the crop on the ground. It is allowed to completely free the plant from insulation when constant warm weather is established. From now on, the culture can be tied up.

Harvesting procedure

Most varieties produce either late August or early September.Some types of grapes ripen in the Moscow region for one month. At the same time, it is important to harvest the crop on time. Overripe berries have an unpleasant taste and are suitable for making homemade wine. In addition, a late harvest attracts pests.

Berries are harvested by hand. The clusters are cut with a garden pruner. When harvesting, care must be taken not to damage the berries. Fruits with defects quickly rot, causing the entire bunch to suffer.