Grape varieties in Siberia: pruning, planting and care for beginners

Grapes are considered to be thermophilic plants that require a lot of sunlight to grow. It is difficult to grow a plant in cold areas. But, thanks to recent research, frost-resistant grape varieties have been bred that tolerate temperature extremes and are able to grow even in Siberia. With sufficient care, the right choice of varieties, and the observance of cultivation technologies, it is possible to collect sweet and sour berries even in the Siberian region.

Features of growing grapes in Siberia

Gardeners and agricultural technicians became interested in the specifics of grape cultivation in the Siberian region several decades ago, but faced the following problems:

• grapes froze;
• after the removal of shelters, sharp frosts set in, which destroyed the entire crop;
• early cold weather led to the death of seedlings.

But based on the research of Nedin V.K. and amateur gardeners from Biysk, who were the first to harvest grapes, not only began to grow grape bushes, but also learned how to cultivate them. Thanks to this, 2 systems for successful cultivation of crops have been prepared, which are suitable even for beginner gardeners and will help to harvest grapes.

Features of cultivation of culture: system one

To grow grapes according to this system, you need:

1. Leave harvested seedlings for winter storage in frost-resistant rooms or bury in deep trenches 1 meter deep.
2. To graft early grape species on winter-hardy varieties of American or Amur culture.
3. Planting holes should be deep enough to protect the roots from freezing.
4. Tie up seedlings after spring frosts. In severe cold, cover the plants with a film.
5. In the summer season, cut and tie the crop to a minimum.
6. There is no need to additionally spray and feed the crop, as there are practically no grape pests in the region. All you have to do is weed and mow the grass.
7. Pruning should be done in two stages, making a load on the eyes and shoots, first - before September, after - before opening for the winter.

Features of cultivation of culture: the second system

You can breed a plant in another way. To do this:

1. No need to graft the plant on hardy varieties. It is enough to prepare cuttings in the fall, which can be stored in the cellar or stored, wrapped together with the "mother" bush.
2. When planting seedlings in open black soil, it is not necessary to make planting pits with bait.

Sandy, clay soil requires fertilizer and planting holes for the plant.

3. Culture should grow in "harsh" conditions with no additional care other than weeding.
4. For the winter season, sprinkle the grapes with earth and cover in shallow trenches.
5. Pruning the plant once a year - in the last decade of October.

Using one of the proposed technologies, you can achieve a bountiful harvest of delicious fruits.

Regional specifics

To grow grapes in Siberia, you must also take into account that the region is divided into 12 districts. Each of these regions has its own characteristics of breeding shrubs. For convenience, Siberia is conditionally divided into 3 parts, with the same climatic conditions:

• western territory - with a mild climate and temperatures from -15 to -30 degrees;
• eastern part - with a sharply continental climate and an average temperature of about 0 degrees;
• northern district - with short summers and constantly low temperatures.

Based on this, it is most convenient to plant grapes in the western part, early-ripening varieties - to breed in the eastern regions. And in order to get a big harvest, you need to look after varieties specially developed for this territory.

How to choose the right grape variety?

For the Siberian region, you need to select exclusively winter-hardy varieties, since the fruits will have to endure temperature drops of up to -40 degrees. Therefore, the best grape varieties for a cold region are:

1. Alpha.
2. Siberian wild cherry.
3. Thumbelina.
4. Dombovskoy.
5. Delight.
6. Muscat.
7. Tukai.

The most popular variety in Siberia is the Dombovskaya grape variety with small berries, early harvest and high frost resistance.

At the same time, it is possible to grow frost-resistant southern varieties in the region, additionally covering plants for the winter. The famous Isabella and Lydia are also suitable for breeding in frosty areas, but the berries are used mainly for wine.

An important condition is the fruit ripening period:

• early varieties ripen in 115-125 days;
• very early crops grow in 105-115 days;
• Super early plants grow up to 105 days.

Boarding procedure

After choosing a variety of seedlings, you need to decide on the place where to plant the plants correctly. Grow bushes in lighted dry areas, protected from the north and northeast winds.

It is better to place seedlings along walls or fences that will protect the crop from the wind. The distance between shrubs should be more than 2.5 meters, and between rows - 2 meters, as the rhizomes grow rapidly.

There are two ways to plant a crop:

1. Into landing pits (diameter - 0.5 meters, depth - 0.6-0.7 meters).
2. In prepared trenches 60-80 centimeters deep and about 0.5 meters wide. The length of the trench depends on the number of bushes.

The landing process is as follows:

• fill the bottom of the landing site with gravel, broken bricks, expanded clay;
• fertile soil mixed with natural fertilizers or compost is laid on top;
• then added chemical additives consisting of 500 milligrams of superphosphate and 20 milligrams of potassium;
• layers alternate until the trench or pit is completely filled.

For the cultivation of shrubs, seedlings must also be properly prepared. For breeding, you can choose vegetative seedlings grown at home in plastic cups. Or take harvested plants that overwintered one season in storage.

• cut rhizomes to 10-12 centimeters;
• leave only the strongest branches on the seedling. Trim vines to 2 eyes;
• soak the seedlings in a solution of warm water with heteroaunsin or sodium humate;
• lower the trees in a clay mash.

After that, you can go directly to planting the plant. Landing is carried out in the spring - from mid-April to May. During this period, the soils are already warming up well, allowing the culture to take hold.

1. Spread the rhizomes of the seedling and deepen it into the soil layer.
2. Fill the holes with soil, leaving 10-12 centimeters to the top of the hole.
3. Water the plant with two buckets of water.

In the first week after planting, water seedlings at least once every three days.

Caring for grapes

Features of grape care in Siberia include:

1. Timely watering. You need to start caring for the culture immediately after disembarking. Water the plants 4-5 times a season.

The need for moisture is determined by the appearance of the leaves - they lose their elasticity and sag.For irrigation, make a small groove at a distance of 30 centimeters from the crop, pour a bucket of sun-warmed water into the recess. After the ditch, drip, mulch. Abundant watering is especially important for the plant:

• after bud break;
• 14 days before flowering;
• 2 weeks after flowering;
• before winter shelter.

Mulch can be used to keep the ground constantly moist and loose.

2. Formation of bushes, garter and thinning. It is necessary to form bushes from the first year of the plant's life, tying seedlings on stakes up to 1.5 meters high. Pinch stepchildren, starting from the second leaf. Agrotechnics of grapes also includes the correct load on the bush of eyes - future clusters.

In the first year, no more than 20 pieces of future ovaries are left. The next summer, increase the number of eyes to 40 pieces per bush. In the third year, you can triple the load to 60 eyes. An adult plant is loaded with 80-150 eyes, depending on the variety and growth of the shrub.

3. Providing heat with trellises made of metal, wooden poles and wire stretched between them.
4. Shelter for the winter.
5. Feeding. A crop planted in a pit fertilized with humus does not require fertilizer for three years. And only for the fourth season, the plant is fertilized with organic or mineral top dressings no more than 1 time per year.

Pests and diseases did not reach Siberia, so there is no need to additionally spray and process plants.

Cutting Features

It is very important, when growing a crop, to take into account the timely pruning of the plant. The process differs from the "southern technology", since in Siberia circumcision is carried out in two steps. At the first stage, gardeners are advised to prune the plants of the first and second years, so at this time the vine is formed. Pruning is done in September, removing dry, damaged, weakened shoots.Then they cut down the vine that did not bear fruit.

It is not recommended to prune the plant in the spring season, as the crop blooms during this period.

The second pruning is carried out as late as possible - before the wintering of the shrub, to give the tree the opportunity to absorb the necessary substances from the soil.

Hardening grapes

The main feature of Siberian grape farming is the hardening of the plant. Therefore, it is not necessary to create greenhouse conditions for culture. The only exception is severe frosts and gusts of wind. Only in these cases, you can cover the bushes with a film for a while, and then immediately open it.

The process of plant hardening itself is aimed at:

• quick acclimatization of varieties;
• resistance to changes in daily and seasonal temperatures;
• successful overwintering of the crop.

If you do not harden the bush, the plant simply cannot endure the harsh Siberian winter and will die.

Shelter for the winter

Siberian winters are characterized by harshness and low temperatures reaching -50 degrees. Therefore, preparing a plant for winter is one of the primary tasks when growing bushes. Begin to prepare the grapes for the cold, when the average daily temperature becomes 0 degrees. This happens at the end of autumn - in October, November. The sun's rays no longer warm the ground enough. Thanks to this, timely shelter will not only preserve the crop, but also will not lead to soil decay.

To date, gardeners have developed several successful ways to cover grape bushes for the winter:

1. Cover the bushes with a layer of soil of at least 20 centimeters. The downside is that the kidneys under the ground wither.
2. Fill the culture with sawdust, husks, straw, pine needles.
3. Prepare wooden decking in the form of triangles to be installed over the bush.
4. Wrap shrubs with building materials: linoleum, roofing material, insulation, drywall.

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