Quinti apple tree: description and characteristics of the variety, cultivation and care with photo

An unpretentious apple tree of the Quinti variety that does not require special attention from the gardener generously gives fruits with high nutritional, biological and chemical value. In terms of taste qualities, apples of a self-fertile variety are classified as canteen apples, not dessert ones. The variety was bred by Canadian breeders by crossing Crimson Beauty and Red Melba. In 1986, the plant was included in the state register of fruit trees for the Central Chernozem Region, the Caucasus, and the Lower Volga Region.

Variety overview

Quinti apple-tree variety - summer, does not differ in high keeping quality of fruits. It has a high level of resistance to powdery mildew. It is not afraid of heat and drought, but the Quinti variety is not resistant to severe frosts.

Tree morphology

The tall trunk of the Quinti apple tree is practically hidden by dense foliage. The branches of a tree of this variety tend upward, and the skeletal branches depart from the trunk at almost a right angle. The crown is wide oval, not prone to thickening, which allows the rays of the sun to caress each fruit, no matter what tier of ringlets it is on.

The bark of the trunk and branches is brown with a greenish tint. Apple flowers are large white, have no other shades.

With abundant fruiting, the fruits do not exceed 125 g in weight, a small harvest suggests that the weight of each apple can be 175 g. The size and color of fruits on one tree is the same. The apple has two types of color - green side and ruddy.

Pros and cons

Pros:

• precocity;
• heat and drought tolerance;
• high level of portability.

Cons:

• low winter hardiness;
• weak immunity to scab.

Subspecies

The difference between the subspecies of apple trees of the Quinti variety lies in the size of the fruit, the main characteristics of the variety remain practically unchanged.

Early Queen

Winter variety of Quinty bred in Holland. Technical maturity of fruits occurs in the second decade of October. Conical-rounded fruits reach a weight of 250 g. The green-yellow skin is evenly covered with a blurred blush of bright red. Excellent presentation and high taste qualities of juicy sweet-sour pulp are the distinguishing features of Early Queen, which has high frost resistance. Like its prototype, the variety is self-infertile. He needs self-fertile pollinating neighbors: Gala, Champion, Everest.

Early Ripe Quinty Apple Tree

List of regions in which the Quinti apple crop ripens earlier than in central Russia:

• Astrakhan;
• Vologda;
• Krasnodar Territory;
• Kursk;
• Lipetsk;
• Volga region;
• Rostov;
• North Ossetia.

Characteristics of the apple tree

For the cultivation of the Quinti variety in warm regions, undersized apple trees are mainly used, on a dwarf rootstock. It is more convenient to harvest the crop from them, and their fruiting begins the very next season after landing in a permanent place.

Adult tree parameters

On the seed rootstock, the Quinti apple tree reaches 5 meters in height, on the dwarf rootstock, the top of its crown does not even reach the 2-meter mark. Pollination and flowering

The apple tree is pollinated by self-fertile apple trees with the same flowering time as the Quinti variety. This explains the alternation of rows of Quinti and other apple trees in large orchards. Without proximity to pollinating varieties, white large flowers will not give an ovary. Pollinators, like Quinty himself, should enter the flowering phase from early to mid-May.

Annual growth

On medium-sized apple trees of the Quinti variety, the skeletal branches lengthen by 5-6 cm per season. On a dwarf rootstock, the tree a priori does not have a skeletal frame, they are columnar - the annulus extends directly from the trunk. By the age of 5, the undersized Quinti apple tree reaches its maximum height, the growth of the annelids largely depends on the amount of rain and sunshine. The length of the shoot is adjusted in autumn during pruning.

When it bears fruit

For the first time, a medium-sized Quinti apple tree (on a seed rootstock) is harvested for the 5th-6th season.From undersized apple trees already in the second year. Fruiting is regular, not dependent on natural disasters. In a warm climate, 2 crops can be harvested from one tree per season. Standard fruits ripen by the end of July.

Cold Resistant

The winter hardiness of the Quinti apple tree is average with proper care. The lack of measures to warm the trunk and soil for winter reduces the plant's resistance to frostbite. Protection from diseases and pests

The main enemy of Quinti apple trees is scab, the disease is caused by excessive waterlogging of the soil. If a gardener cannot prevent rains and floods, then everyone can create high-quality drainage at the time of planting a seedling.

Mandatory steps to prevent fungal, bacterial and wood damage caused by insect pests are:

• timely spraying the tree with preventive doses of scab, powdery mildew;
• high-quality soil mulching;
• loosening the soil within a radius of 1.5-2 meters from the trunk;
• applying foliar and root balanced dressings;
• whitewashing the trunk with lime with additives of copper-containing substances;
• systematic pruning of old shoots and damaged branches.

If the disease does occur, then prophylactic doses of funds are replaced by stronger solutions, and treatments are carried out at intervals of 7-10 days.

Taste of apples

Summer apples grown in sunny areas are juicy and sweet. Pleasant sourness gives the fruits a unique charm. The tasting assessment of the experts of the Quinti variety is 4.6 points out of 5 possible.

Content of useful and nutritious apples

Quinti fruits per 100 g contain:

• Ascorbic acid - 8.4-11.2 mg.
• Fiber (dry matter) - 15.9-16.8%.
• Acids - 0.53-0.6%.
• Fruit sugars - 10.3-11.2%.

Benefits and possible harm from eating Quinti apples

Like all apple fruits, Quinty is rich in vitamins and minerals. Nothing like apples replenishes iron in the body, which is necessary to normalize hemoglobin in the blood. Fiber improves metabolism, absorbs and removes toxins.

Sweet apples can be harmful for people prone to diabetes, and for allergy sufferers who are contraindicated in eating red fruits.

Planting seedlings

The he alth of the plant and the quality of the crops depend on the time of planting, the correct selection of a seedling grafted onto a stock of a certain type, high-quality enrichment and soil preparation.

Preparing the soil for planting seedlings

The soil has been dug up since autumn, weeds, rhizomes are selected from the turf, but the clods of the earth do not break so that during the period of little snowy winter the earth does not turn into dust. Only part of the soil, which will go to partially fill the landing hole, is thoroughly loosened. This land will be mixed with nutrients - humus, manure, peat, ash and complex root dressing applied to improve soil fertility in the planting area.

Landing area marking map

There must be an interval of 5 meters between seedlings with a skeletal structure of a tree, both in a row between Quinty seedlings and in rows with neighboring pollinating apple trees.

Preparing the ground

The soil for planting a medium-sized tree should be dense, but permeable to water and air.On sandy loams, where clay rather than sand predominates, the soil should be loosened by adding sand and ash to the area. The same procedure is for gardeners to reduce the acidity of the soil.

It is extremely difficult to strengthen sandy loose soils in order to grow good crops on them, it is necessary to prepare for the systematic replenishment of the soil with minerals, nitrogen and other useful substances.

Sapling hole dimensions

For a medium-sized plant, the width and depth of the planting hole for Quinti apple trees is 1.5 m, the width is 2 m. width and the same depth.

Nuances when choosing seedlings

When choosing seedlings, you need to pay attention to the presence of a grafting bole.His absence suggests that a wild game has escaped in front of the gardener. The rhizome should not have any damage, if not, then the tree will hurt, and more seasons will pass before the first harvest than indicated in the variety description.

When to plant

In regions with a favorable, mild climate, Quinti can be planted in the spring when warm weather sets in, when the ground has moved away from freezing. The tree will root well in properly prepared soil. For areas of the middle zone - Moscow, the North-West, the Leningrad Region, an autumn landing is recommended after the snow melts and the establishment of positive average daily temperatures.

Disembarkation Technology

A pit with a drainage, nutrient and ordinary layer of soil is being prepared in the fall, regardless of the expected planting time. On an impromptu mound, where the top layer of soil is ordinary, not enriched, a seedling is installed, its roots are evenly distributed throughout the hole.For a sapling of a low-growing tree, a support will be required, before lowering it onto a prepared earthen pillow, a stake must be driven into the middle of the hole. A seedling will be tied to it.

Agrotechnology

The complex of tree care - agricultural technology, consists in the methodical implementation of all stages of activities aimed at obtaining a he althy tree and a large harvest.

Caring for the apple tree

Apple tree care begins even before it is planted. To strengthen the root system, to provoke rapid growth of the plant in the first season, for a day the root system is immersed in a growth stimulator solution.

Pruning and shaping the crown

Shoots that have lengthened by more than 60 cm over the summer period must be shortened. Given that the crown of the Quinti variety is rounded, it must be adhered to when pruning skeletal branches, the lower ones should be slightly longer than each subsequent tier.

What to do during flowering

To strengthen the flowers on the branches, increase their strength to form ovaries, it is necessary to saturate the soil with nitrogen. The leafworm, tick and other insects will want to feast on fresh foliage, which means that at the stage of bud formation it is necessary to spray against pests.

Water the trees

The need for additional irrigation depends entirely on the climatic and geographical features of the area. Apple trees growing in sunny dry regions should be watered once a week at the rate of 10 liters of water per meter of tree height. In areas with periodic rains, watering is carried out with prolonged dehydration of the soil.

Disease and pest control measures

Insecticides are used against insects, spraying them for preventive purposes is carried out before the opening of the kidneys and the onset of the flowering phase. They will help from:

• flower beetle;
• codling moths;
• California scale insect;
• sawfly;
• red fruit mite;
• green apple aphid;
• five types of leaf rollers;
• American white butterfly;
• apple moth.

If the tree is still affected by insects or diseases, then the damaged areas of the tree must be cut and burned, the cut points should be treated with garden pitch, and the tree should be treated with a strong solution of Bordeaux mixture, fungicides. To prevent relapse, spraying with preventive doses of formulations is carried out at intervals of 7-10 days.

Recharge

When carrying out soil enrichment, it is necessary to use manure and guano with extreme caution, organic matter is a favorable environment for overwintering insect pests and reproduction of pathogenic microflora that causes bacterial damage to bark, wood, and fruits.

Pollinator varieties

There are no special recommendations for pollinator varieties, the main thing is that the variety planted in the neighborhood is self-fertile, and its flowering time coincides with Quinty as much as possible.

What you need to pay attention to when ripening and fruiting

Green-brown spots that appear on the leaves are a sign of scab, to which Quinti apple trees have extremely weak immunity. The scab develops quite quickly, affecting the foliage and fruits, so it is necessary to act without delay - thin the crown, remove and destroy the affected branches, carry out therapeutic spraying, apply potash fertilizer to the soil.

Features of growing on sandy soils

To preserve nitrogen introduced into the soil with irrigation, to strengthen the soil, the near-trunk space is sown with grass, mainly thistle. Its long roots will bind the sandy soil.To saturate the soil with substances useful for the development of the Quinti apple tree, humus mixed with sand and humus is introduced under the roots into the planting hole. What you need to know about the harvest

Up to 120 kg of apples can be harvested from one tree, they ripen at the same time, but it will not be possible to store them for more than 3 weeks even when harvested at the stage of technical rather than consumer maturity. Fruit transportability is low.

Fruit picking

It is necessary to pick apples directly from the branches, fallen apples will not lie even for three days.

Storage Tips

The optimum temperature for storing Quinti apples is from 0 to +10 °C. Each fruit must be isolated from the neighboring ones, but at the same time the air flow must be open to it, this condition gives wrapping with a newspaper, food tracing paper, tissue paper.

Wrapped apples are best stored not in wooden, but in plastic boxes, they do not contain any pathogens of rot or other pathogenic microflora. Use of apples in cooking and farming

Sweet apples are an excellent raw material for making jams, marmalades, compotes with a minimum addition of sugar. Dried apples are an excellent raw material for making compotes. Considering that they can only be stored in canvas bags, they will also add the aroma of summer to the room. Regional cultivation

The timing of flowering, fruiting and the quality of the crop depend on the climatic features of the region - the balance of sugars and acids.

Moscow Region

For the Moscow region, the planting dates for apple trees of the Quinti variety are typical in mid-October - a month before the onset of the first frost. Given the soil moisture, the possibility of close occurrence of aquifers, the drainage layer in the planting hole should be at least 60 cm.

Krasnodar Territory

A region with fertile soils does not require a large amount of top dressing for apple varieties of the variety and all subspecies of Quinty in the spring months, but if the apple tree bears twice in a season, it will need a large amount of nitrogen, it should be applied as a foliar top dressing after the first harvest .

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