Apple tree Bashkir beauty: description and characteristics of the variety, cultivation with photo

Bashkir beauty is a universal apple variety of early autumn ripening. It does not require special care. It grows in many regions. The apple tree tolerates low winter temperatures well. Productivity is good, with a properly selected pollinator, annual. The fruits are consumed fresh, used for the preparation of conservation, drying. Apples make the best juice with pulp.

How the Bashkir beauty was bred

An old variety of folk selection Bashkir handsome was named so at the beginning of the twentieth century, when the variety was described at the Bashkir Institute of Agriculture, located in the Bashkir village of Kushnarenkovo.The original name of the variety is unknown, having been lost a century earlier. In Bashkiria, this variety occupies a quarter of the area of all apple orchards.

Advantages and disadvantages

This variety has advantages over other species, but not without drawbacks. Although there are far fewer disadvantages than advantages.

Key Benefits:

1. Wood is resistant to freezing temperatures.
2. Quick recovery after freezing of branches.
3. Not demanding on the composition of the soil and the place of growth.
4. Fruits with a pleasant taste.
5. Features good transportability.

Disadvantages include:

1. Not precocious.
2. When the moisture content in the soil is low, the fruits fall off.
3. Pollinator requirement.
4. Weak immunity to diseases.

External characteristics of a tree

Among apple trees, the Bashkir beauty variety is recognizable by many by the abundant, whitish color, fluffing of the apical shoots.

Trunk height

The variety is considered medium-sized. The tree grows up to six meters.

Crown size

A young apple tree has a rounded crown. Over time, it becomes pyramidal, with medium thickening. The branches are at right angles.

Root system

A mature tree has powerful roots that go four meters deep into the ground.

Technical description

Describe the features of the Bashkir Beauty apple tree that gardeners should know about.

Resistance to low temperatures and diseases

This variety tolerates sub-zero temperatures and summer temperature fluctuations. The apple tree is moderately resistant to diseases that affect the tree. Needs preventive spraying.

Recommended growing regions

The apple tree is grown in Bashkiria, Tatarstan, the Republic of Mari El, Samara and Orenburg regions. With special care, they are grown in the Moscow region, in the Urals, in the middle and northern parts of Russia.

Methods of reproduction

Basic breeding methods:

• cutting;
• root offspring;
• digging in a broken branch.

Apple yield

The Bashkir beauty is in demand among gardeners due to high yields, good appearance, preservation of fruit integrity during transportation, long-term storage.

When to expect the first harvest from the apple tree

The first time the crop is harvested three years after the rooting of the seedling. The fruits are harvested annually. The yield reaches seventy kilograms from each tree.

Pollinator varieties

Bashkir beauty does not belong to self-pollinated varieties. Therefore, an apple tree of the Antonovka or Titovka variety is planted nearby.

Blossoming and ripening of apples

The apple tree begins to bloom in mid-spring. The flowers are large, pale pink, very fragrant. Fruits ripen during the end of the summer season and the beginning of the autumn season.

Harvest and storage of crops

The onset of consumer maturity occurs a week after the fruit is removed from the tree.

Fruits are stored for a long time - five months. Do not lose taste and appearance.

Taste

Apple is sweet, with a slight sourness and light aroma. The texture of the pulp is dense, quite juicy.

Planting apple seedlings

The process of rooting a seedling depends on the correct planting and subsequent care.

Best time to land

The right time to plant a tree is early spring. In autumn, the tree will not have time to take root and, with a high probability, will not survive the winter frosts.

Optimal location and soil composition

The apple tree does not tolerate gusts of cold wind, so the planting site of seedlings is protected from wind and draft. Chernozem is an ideal soil for growing the Bashkir beauty.

Technological process of planting

Consists of the following steps:

1. For a seedling, a hole is prepared sixty centimeters deep, seventy centimeters wide.
2. Part of the excavated earth mixed with 70 grams of superphosphate, 55 grams of potassium sulfate. Fill the bottom of the hole with the resulting mixture.
3. In the middle of the hole, install a seedling, straighten the roots, cover with earth. The root neck is five centimeters above the ground.
4. It is good to water the tree with water at room temperature.

Features of seasonal care

To get a quality crop, you need to provide this variety with the right care.

Soil care

The most important part of soil care is watering. If moisture is supplied irregularly, this will affect the quality of the crop in the future.

Loosening

In order for air to flow to the roots of the apple tree, you need to loosen the ground around the trunk. This must be done carefully so as not to damage the root system. The depth of loosening should not exceed ten centimeters.

Fertilization

It is necessary to fertilize the apple tree several times a year. In the spring, urea is used as top dressing, dissolving 2 tablespoons in a bucket of water. In summer, the tree needs complex fertilizer. The last time you need to pour in the fall - potash-phosphorus fertilizer.

Prevention from diseases and pests

In early spring, it is necessary to carry out preventive spraying of the tree with fungicides. This will help to avoid infection of the apple tree with various diseases.

The codling moth is a dangerous pest. You can fight or prevent the appearance of caterpillars with the help of the following drugs:

• Calypso;
• On the spot;
• Fastak.

Cutting

The crown is formed in the third year from the date of planting. The gardener's task is to create the desired shape from five main branches growing at a distance of thirty centimeters from each other. After pruning is carried out every year, removing dried, thin branches.

Preparing for winter

Before you prepare the tree for winter, it must be watered abundantly. This should be done after harvest. Clean the soil around the tree from foliage, twigs, dry grass. Apply mineral fertilizer. After the temperature drops to minus ten, wrap the trunk of the apple tree with suitable material to insulate and protect against rodents.

Culture subspecies

Thanks to selection, two subspecies of the Bashkir beauty variety appeared. Summer apple tree with early ripening and late.

Summer

Apple tree is short, broadly branched. After transplanting to a permanent place of growth, it begins to bear fruit after two years. Fruit picking takes place at the end of summer. Apples are sweet and sour, with an unobtrusive aroma. The quality of the fruit depends on care.

Late

Apple tree is medium-sized, with a weak thickening of the crown, it needs pollination by varieties Seyanets, Titovka. Fruits profusely every year. The fruits are juicy, sweet and sour, with crispy flesh. The mass of one fruit reaches one hundred and fifty grams. The variety has a high immunity to diseases.

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