How to graft a pear with fresh cuttings step by step for beginners, the best timing

In areas with unstable climatic conditions, it is easy to grow a pear that will delight you with large, high-quality fruits. To do this, graft it yourself on a picky plant. Before proceeding with the procedure, you should understand the important nuances and learn how to properly plant a pear. An important role is played by the time of year and the quality of the tree with which they decided to combine the pear.

Pear grafting goals

Possible targets for vaccination:

1. Vaccination is used if they want to prolong the youth of their favorite variety.
2. If you don't feel like waiting a few years to taste the harvest. Seedlings will please with the first fruits in at least 4 years. But the vaccination will significantly speed up the process.
3. The plant is grafted to give it the properties of the best variety. It happens that gardeners are not always satisfied with a growing tree that produces tasteless or medium-sized fruits.
4. Conducted to develop a new variety. When combining different varieties, a seedling is obtained that inherits the best properties of both plants.

Which trees can be grafted onto?

Nurseries like to use dwarf or semi-dwarf stocks. This is due to the speed and ease of reproduction. The resulting plant is allowed to be planted in areas with a close location of groundwater.

Various cultivated plants can serve as a rootstock. Consider the best options.

For a different sort of pear

A pear is allowed to be grafted onto the same plant. You can not graft on a pear that differs in ripening. This will shorten the life cycle of the tree.

Tips:

1. Grafted onto semi-cultivated pear varieties that are grown in our climate. On these trees, the scion will grow together better and will develop successfully.
2. If a late variety is grafted onto an early pear, then by winter the plant will still bear fruit. As a result, there is a high probability that the first frosts will completely destroy the tree.
3. The Ussuri pear will serve well as a rootstock. Get a new winter-hardy culture. But not all varieties take root well on this rootstock, so you will have to tinker with grafting.

On rowan

Culture grafted onto chokeberry will produce a plant with high frost resistance. You can safely plant late pear varieties on it. The new tree will be compact, which will facilitate easy harvesting. When vaccinated, a quarter of the rowan shoots are left.This is a prerequisite, otherwise the plant will not receive the necessary amount of nutrients for fruiting. On the new tree, the fruits will have a tart and rather sweet taste.

On the wild pear

If you use a wild game, then thanks to the vaccination, you will be able to get a full-fledged pear with wonderful characteristics in a short period of time.

On the quince

Grafted onto this plant, the result is a stunted culture. The pear will bear fruit early and have poor frost resistance. Therefore, this option is not suitable for regions with severe winters and late spring frosts. There is a good chance that the harvest will never appear.

But in a temperate climate or with good shelter in cold areas, a compact tree will grow, giving maximum results.

The fruits will acquire a new, unusual flavor that everyone will appreciate.

Plum

It is better to graft on a wild plum. It is highly resistant to harsh climates. Therefore, the new tree will grow resistant to bad weather conditions and severe frosts.

To the apple tree

Grafting will create an unusual tree. As a result, apple and pear branches will be located on the plant. Based on practice, vaccinations do not always take root. But it's worth the effort.

To the irgu

Vaccination for Irgu is popular. As a result, the gardener receives fruits of the original taste and an excellent fruit-bearing plant that gives an early, maximum yield. Vaccination should be done low. The height is not more than 20 centimeters. Otherwise, the branches will often break off due to the severity of the pears and the winds. The plant enters fruiting in the second year.

Optimal timing of the procedure

They can be different:

1. Autumn. Grafting is carried out using cuttings, which were prepared in the spring. They need to germinate 1-2 months before the onset of frost.
2. In summer, you can plant fresh cuttings. Auspicious time comes in July. But if during this period it is not possible to get vaccinated, then you should not be upset. Summer vaccination can also be carried out in August.
3. Spring. For this, cuttings are harvested in the fall. They are placed in a dark, cool place, and the ends are covered with wet sawdust. The procedure is carried out in the second half of spring, but before the start of sap flow. This will ensure a high survival rate.

How is the scion selected?

Pear is grafted by cuttings. They must be one year old. They are taken only from the upper well-lit part of the crown.Harvested in the last decade of autumn, but before the onset of frost. On the scion, the buds should be well developed. They also pay attention to the fact that it is biologically and anatomically suitable for the rootstock.

The graft should be young and he althy - this will significantly increase the chances of success.

Vaccination Methods

There are different technologies for vaccination. Each method should be analyzed in more detail.

Copulation

This method is used when the thickness of the branches is the same. For this, the places of the cuts are connected and tightly tied. Process:

1. The cut is made oblique. To do this, use a sharp garden knife.
2. Escape choose the appropriate diameter and strong. Cut out a small cutting.
3. The bottom of the cut should be the same size as the grafted tree. When the sections are prepared, do not touch them with your hands.
4. Attach the cutting so that the two plants are connected.
5. Tie and secure with ribbon.

Split

This method is the most popular. Action algorithm:

1. The diameter of the scion is chosen several times less than the thickness of the stock. Technology helps simplify splicing and improve success rates.
2. The stock is cut with a sharp pruner. In the center of the hemp, a split is made with a knife. The depth will be about 5 centimeters. For a scion, cut off the lower part of the branch, which will look like a wedge, and insert it into a split.
3. Around they are smeared with garden pitch and the places of contact are tied with a film. After 3 months it is removed.

Usually old trees are grafted. This procedure helps to rejuvenate the plant and restore its fruiting. Also extends the life of the culture.

Budding

Algorithm of actions:

1. Vaccination is carried out using a bud that is planted on the shoots of the rootstock.
2. It is enough to make a small incision on the trunk of the rootstock, attach a graft and wrap it tightly.

For grafting with an eye, you can use material harvested last year.

For the bark

A distinctive feature of this method is its ease of implementation. Recommended for beginner gardeners:

1. Using a sharp knife, a cut is made on the rootstock, which should be vertical. Length 3 centimeters.
2. The resulting incision is moved aside and a graft with a bare cambium is placed in the resulting free space.
3. An important point to consider is that there should be 2 swollen buds per scion.
4. Grease the connection with pitch, then wrap it using polyethylene.
5. After 3 months, the junction will overgrow. Leaves are formed on the scion, and soon a sprawling, well-bearing tree will grow out of it.

Inside cut

Basic steps:

1. Cut off the stem at the bottom to make a uniform wedge.
2. At the side of the rootstock, make an incision of the same size as the wedge.
3. Connect the two parts. Coat with garden pitch.
4. Tie the vaccination site with duct tape.

Perform the procedure in April.

Bridge

This method is used if the bark is damaged by hares. A special bridge helps to restore the nutrition of the crown and revive the tree. Process:

1. Parallel incisions in the bark are made on the damaged area. Size is approximately 3 centimeters.
2. The cuttings that were prepared in advance are inserted into the resulting places and smeared with var.

Ablunting

The method is aimed at saving a mature tree. Time - May. The stock and scion are connected by rapprochement. Sequence:

1. Cut the same length of the bark on the scion and rootstock.
2. Zoom the pieces together so they fit.
3. Grease the joints with plasticine and wrap with a tourniquet.
4. After 3 months, remove the tourniquet. Trim the shoot, then detach the rootstock branch.

Vaccination step by step

For beginner gardeners, the budding method is best suited. To avoid mistakes, you must follow the detailed description:

1. A young seedling is used for rootstock, which can be purchased at a specialized nursery.
2. The procedure is carried out in the last days of July. You can also vaccinate in the first decade of August.
3. Shovel the soil around the stem of the stock so that a root neck appears.
4. Remove all branches at a height of 11 centimeters from the soil and wipe with a damp cloth.
5. Use a sharp knife to make a T-cut. Length 3 centimeters.
6. Now you need to properly prepare the cuttings. To do this, use a cutting from a varietal plant and cut off a developed bud. Adjacent tissue (shield) will also need to be trimmed. The shield is made the same length as the cut on the rootstock.
7. Pull back the T-slit with the edge of a knife. Place the stalk there and press firmly with your finger.
8. Using electrical tape, tie a cutting to the trunk. Roll up so as to completely cover the shield, but leave the kidney.

Post-Vaccination Care

Vaccinating a plant is half the battle, the main thing is to ensure proper care after that:

1. After 3 weeks, the plant is inspected. If the kidney is green and has not dried up, then the procedure was performed correctly and the vaccination took root.
2. Before the winter cold, remove the harness. But if the electrical tape does not pinch the tissue of the culture, then it is better to postpone this process until the onset of spring and remove it after the snow melts.
3. Before the buds swell in spring, the stock should be cut a little higher than the graft and covered with garden pitch.
4. The plant is watered all season, and the trunk circle is loosened. Weeds are also constantly removed.
5. A year later, the culture is transplanted to a permanent place

Common mistakes

The most common mistakes newbies make:

1. Poorly fixed cutting. It should fit snugly against the base.
2. Incorrectly selected rootstock. Winter-hardy plants should be chosen.
3. Incorrectly prepared cuttings. They are harvested in the fall. Early cut ones will not ripen or take root. Harvested after frost - freeze slightly.
4. The procedure was carried out for a long time. Vaccination must be done quickly.

If the kidney vaccination method is chosen, then pay attention to its condition. If it has dried up or changed color, then it cannot be used for the procedure.

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