Diseases and pests of pears: a description and ways to deal with them, how to treat

To grow fruit trees, you need to have the knowledge and skills to care for them. Many of them are damaged by fungal infections, parasitic insects. It is necessary to be able to prevent such conditions, to protect the tree from them. Fruit yields will be stable, and there will be no problems with crop vegetation if you know everything about pear diseases and pests.

Diseases of pears

Most often, diseases of a fruit crop occur due to improper care of a pear tree. It is necessary to carry out weeding of the garden, loosening the soil in time. After harvesting, pruning, all plant debris is burned.

For the development of pear diseases, certain climatic conditions are also needed. So, some fungal infections often develop in the suburbs, where there is a lot of humidity in the air.

Diseases of fetuses

There are signs of some diseases on the fruits of the pear tree. Then you can be left without a crop if the pathogenic fungus is not neutralized in time.

Scab

One of the most dangerous pear diseases is associated with the appearance of olive-colored spots on the leaves. And then they move on to fruit. The description of the infection is that the flesh of the pears begins to harden and crack. If the fungus acts on the pear at the beginning of the fruit set, then their shape is bent.

Prevent the development of pathology by spraying with a 3% solution of Bordeaux mixture in the spring and 1% after flowering. Trimming the crown will help to improve ventilation and its illumination. In the treatment, drugs "Skor", "Nitrofen" are used.

Fruit rot or moniliosis

When pears are damaged by the codling moth, spores of a pathogenic fungus are introduced into them. From infected fruits, the disease spreads to neighboring ones. Moniliosis can be identified by brown skin, concentric circles of grayish rot on the surface If damaged fruits are not removed, then next year you can be left without a crop. Pears are treated with a solution of Bordeaux liquid before and after flowering. Do not forget the rotten fruits to collect and destroy.

Sooty fungus

When pear leaves and fruits turn black, the plant is affected by soot fungus. Crops that are weakened or damaged by aphids suffer from infection. By secreting a sweet and sticky substance, the aphid creates the ground for the development of soot fungus. You can suppress the reproduction of spores of a pathogenic organism by spraying "Fitosporin".

Prevention of the spread of infection will be the fight against harmful insects, especially aphids.

What causes leaves to hurt

The defeat of pear leaves occurs on fruit trees more often than on other parts of plants. And already from the leaves, the disease spreads further, destroying the fruits, damaging the stems and shoots.

Powdery mildew

Plants affected by marsupial fungus are easily recognizable by the white bloom on young leaves of the pear tree. Over time, instead of it, brown spots appear, which contribute to the drying of the leaves, their fall.

Having found signs of powdery mildew, you need to collect dried leaves and burn them, and treat the tree with "Fundazol" three times with a break of 10 days. A solution of soda ash with laundry soap is also effective.

Rust

Pathogenic fungi that cause the disease overwinter on the juniper, and then move to the pear. Colonies of parasites over the summer can destroy the fruit crop.A sign of a rust infection is the presence of brown spots on the leaves, which begin to swell by autumn. From them, shoots with spores appear. The wind moves them to the juniper to begin their disease-causing activity in the spring.

Noticing rusty spots in the spring on the foliage of a pear, we urgently need to remove all diseased leaves, cut off the branches.For processing, either a solution of Bordeaux mixture or copper oxychloride is suitable. An infusion of wood ash is also suitable, 500 grams per bucket of water. And the juniper must be removed from the garden or transplanted to another place, away from the pear tree.

Brown spotting or phyllosticosis

In May-June, the disease appears as light green spots on the leaves. They are round and small. Then the color of the spots changes to yellow or brown. Below, on the leaf plates of the pear, a grayish or brown coating is visible, in which there are spores.The leaves begin to die off, which leads to stunting of the pear. In the fight against phyllostictosis, it is necessary to use drugs against the fungus. An effective solution of Bordeaux mixture 1%, as well as copper sulfate.

Mosaic disease

Leaves with whitish rings on the plate are a sign of a viral disease. The danger of the disease is that it is impossible to cure the plant. It is better to uproot diseased trees to save the garden from destruction. The fight against the virus consists in destroying insect parasites of fruit crops in time.

Septoria

One of the common pear diseases, septoria, is characterized by white dots on the leaf plate. The contour of the spot is outlined by a dark brown border. In the center of them are spores of the fungus, which multiply in warm, humid summers. If the pathology is not de alt with, then by August the leaves will fall from the pear, and the tree will enter the winter weakened.

Infection can be prevented by cleaning and burning foliage in the fall, digging the trunk circle. Of the preparations, fungicides are used, spraying the garden in 3 stages.

Pear stem and root diseases

There are diseases that affect the stems, shoots of fruit trees. More often these are viral infections, which are especially dangerous for the life of the culture. They lead to deformation of the trunk, the appearance of growths, bumps, depressions on the bark.

Black pear crayfish

As Antonov's fire burns a tree disease. The trunk and branches look burnt. The bark bursts, covered with cracks, the edges of which are constantly wet. Pathogenic microorganisms, fungal spores penetrate into them.

Treatment for pear cancer consists of cutting the bark down to he althy tissue. At the same time, sections are treated with a solution of copper sulfate, covered with garden pitch. In the initial stages of the disease, you can save a pear.

Cytosporosis

Cytosporosis fungus infects the bark of horticultural crops. Most often, it penetrates into the tissues of the tree in places of burns, frost damage. On the affected area, the bark begins to flake off, dry out, and become red-brown. To combat the disease, the damaged bark is cleaned, coating the cut points with clay or pitch. It is necessary to protect pears from damage by whitening the trunks in autumn and spring.

Root cancer

The disease appears on the roots, more often the root collar. Its signs include growths of various sizes and shapes. Small tumors of gray-white color look like peas. But, developing, they increase in size, turn brown, woody.

Saplings affected by cancer die, although they develop rapidly at first. Before planting pear seedlings, it is necessary to carefully inspect the root system, removing growths.After pruning, it is necessary to treat the roots with a solution of copper sulfate, and then rinse with water. A solution of boric acid, 10 grams per 10 liters of water, is suitable as a disinfectant.

Bacterial burn

Symptoms of fire blight include:

• blackening of the kidneys, their shrinkage;
• drying inflorescences;
• leaf curling;
• barrel darkening.

Disease is difficult to detect right away. When the tree turns completely black, it cannot be saved. With a small infection, you can cut off diseased branches and burn. The cut point must be treated with copper sulphate.

It is advised to get rid of a bacterial burn with copper-containing preparations like "Skor".

Pear parasites and methods of dealing with them

Fruit crops have a lot of pests trying to live off them. Pears suffer both from large parasites, butterfly larvae, and from completely invisible, but causing great harm to fruits, leaves, flowers and shoots of a tree.

Mite gall

The length of an adult reaches a little less than 2 millimeters, so it is difficult to notice an insect with a white or pinkish body color.

Pests overwinter in the scales of the kidneys, where the female lays her eggs. From them, hordes of hungry ticks appear, which dig into the blossoming leaves. Blisters, galls appear on the leaf plates. Sticking together, they form a continuous tumor. After some time, the galls begin to crack, then the ticks look for new places to eat. Insects adversely affect the development of trees and fruits, so the fight against them must be timely.

It will be effective to treat the plant with preparations of the organophosphorus series and containing chlorine. It is necessary to spray the pear twice with a break of 2 months.

Hawthorn, butterfly

A large butterfly with white wings pierced with black veins can often be seen in the garden. Its larvae are dangerous for the pear tree. Gray caterpillars with longitudinal orange stripes are gluttonous, destroying the ovaries, leaves, flowers of the plant.

You can fight parasites by destroying their nests, which they prepare from leaves rolled into a tube, wrapped in cobwebs. It is necessary to timely treat the tree and the ground around with insecticides such as Chlorophos.

Sawfly

Danger to the crop is sawflies, which are especially spread during wet periods. The female lays eggs in the receptacle of each bud. Then larvae develop in them, which do not go outside, but feed, making moves in the fruits of the pear. During the development period of 20 days, 1 larva will destroy up to 4 fruits. The life activity of the sawfly leads to the loss of 60% of the crop.

The number of insects decreases where they regularly dig the root circle, loosen the soil. It is necessary to spray the tree before flowering and after with products containing organophosphorus compounds.

Pear sucker

Of all types of suckerwort, the spotted one does the most damage to a tree. During the season, 3-4 generations of the parasite develop. It is necessary to start the fight against insects in early spring, until the leaves bloom. You can cure a pear by spraying with drugs on a warm, windless, necessarily sunny day. That's when the suckers are active. The tree is treated with Aktara or Karate. Before and after flowering, it is better to spray the plant with Dimilin. Still need to carry out procedures in July 2 times with an interval of 10 days.

Pear codling moth

The butterfly is an insect with dark gray wings, decorated with transverse striation. In July, butterflies stop flying, at this time the caterpillars, having hatched from eggs, begin to actively feed on the pulp of the pear. Up to 5 larvae can settle in one fruit. Feeding caterpillars leave the fruits and go to winter in cocoons under the roots of weeds.

It is necessary to clean the garden from foliage, dig up the ground around the trees, then the frost will destroy the parasite larvae.

Sapwood

The beetle damages the bark of a fruit crop by making horizontal moves inside. The gum begins to flow at the tree, and it weakens. White larvae gnaw through transverse passages, which leads to severe damage to the pear and even its death. Sapwood control includes:

• cutting and burning diseased branches;
• cleaning the bark from lichens and mosses;
• whitewash the barrel;
• spraying "Aktara" after flowering with a repeat treatment after 2 weeks.

Injections into the cortex of Arrivo and Decis solutions help.

Gray aphids

Invisible aphid causes great damage to the garden. Settling on pear leaves, she leaves her sticky secretions. Because of this, the young seedling is affected by soot fungus. Although aphids are difficult to spot, they can be identified by the ants on the pear.

Also, the leaves begin to curl at the ends, become sticky to the touch. By turning the bottom of the plate, you can see the parasite colonies.

Treatment against aphids is carried out with chemicals three times. The most effective preparations are "Confidor", "Fitoverm". From folk remedies, they use in the summer spraying with soapy water, infusion of flowers and dandelion stems.

Leaflet

Insect 2.5 mm in size has a dark green or yellowish color with a waxy coating. Its fertility is striking, because during the season the female lays up to 500 eggs. As leaf-eating parasites, pests settle on the green parts of the plant, starting to feed on them. Aphids are identified by leaves twisted into a tube, by a sticky substance flowing down the bark and branches.

Insect control begins in early spring, spraying plants with "Preparation 30".Later, the means "Landing", "Atom" are used. Getting rid of the leaflet will bring bait. Fermented juice or compote is poured into tin cans and hung on trees overnight. In the morning they will be filled with adult insects. You can manually collect the leaves with a tube where the leaf rollers are located and burn them.

Prevention and protection of pear trees from diseases and pests

Preventing diseases and pest attacks on horticultural crops is easier than treating them later. After all, you will have to use chemicals, which causes some harm to the fruits of the pear. Prevention measures must be carried out on time:

1. The place for planting pears is chosen where the soil is not waterlogged due to the proximity of groundwater.
2. Dig up the trunk circle in the fall, after harvesting and in the spring.
3. Loosening and weeding are important in disease prevention and pest control.
4. Pruning dry, damaged branches will provide an opportunity to increase lighting and fresh air in the crown.
5. Combustion of plant residues is mandatory, thereby destroying wintering pests and pathogenic microorganisms.
6. Care for the bark, sealing cracks, damage with pitch, whitening.
7. Spray the garden with Bordeaux liquid in spring and autumn.

These are basic disease prevention measures. But each type of pathology needs its own treatment.

Fight against diseases and pests with folk remedies

Chemicals, insecticides, acaricides, pesticides, fungicides are used when it is impossible to cope with advanced pathology. In the initial stages, folk remedies tested by gardeners in practice are suitable. Infusion of tobacco is treated with pears affected by aphids, mites.It is prepared from a kilogram of shag waste per 5 liters of water. After 24 hours of infusion, place the container on the fire, boil for an hour. As soon as the solution settles, it is filtered and diluted with water. 500 milliliters of infusion is poured into a bucket of water.

For better adhesion to the leaves, add 100 grams of laundry soap shavings.

Infusion of onion husks is prepared as follows: 20 grams of husks are infused in 1 liter of water. Spray trees affected by aphids, mites, 3 times a month with a break of 10 days. Sawfly is afraid of sulfur fumigation. Half a matchbox is placed in the smoker, blowing smoke on the pears.

From powdery mildew helps infusion of soda with soap. Processed after blooming leaves every 7 days. You can not carry out the procedure during flowering. You can replace the remedy with an infusion of manure, which is prepared from 1 part of mullein and 3-4 parts of water. Before processing, the solution is diluted with water 1:3.Used for spraying against pests infusion of red pepper, dandelion, medicinal chamomile, celandine.

Is it possible to spray a pear with fruits

There are certain rules and terms for processing pears from pests and diseases. Usually the procedure is carried out in early spring before the leaves bloom. Then the period before the appearance of flowers and after their fall will be favorable. Do not use chemicals during pear fruiting. This will negatively affect the yield. It is possible in rare cases to apply folk remedies, but 2 weeks before harvesting the fruits.

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